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MOZAMBIQUE

Presentation: 06.12.2007Mozambique No. 2

Introduction

1. Facts2. History3. Demographics4. Economy


1. Facts

.mzInternet TLD

Mozambican meticalCurrency

21,397,000 Population

801,590 km²Total area

June 25, 1975Independence fromPortugal

Luísa DiogoPrime Minister

Armando GuebuzaPresident

PortugueseOfficial language

RepublicGovernment

MaputoCapital


• Location:southeastern Africa - bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest

• Mozambique (Moçambique) was named afterMuça Alebique, a sultan.

• Lower life expectancy because of the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS


Administration• Divided into ten provincias and one capital city

(cidade) with provincial status. • Provinces subdivided into 129 distritos• Districts further divided in "Postos

Administrativos" (Administrative Posts) • Lowest geographical level of central state

administration: Localidades (Localities). • Since 1998, 33 "Municípios" (Municipalities)

have been created in Mozambique.


Provinces and districts1. Cabo Delgado2. Gaza3. Inhambane4. Manica5. Maputo (city)6. Maputo7. Nampula8. Niassa9. Sofala10. Tete11. Zambezia

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Politics• Multi-party democracy• Constitution: 1990 • Executive branch comprises a president,

Prime Minister, and Council of Ministers• National Assembly and municipal assemblies• Judiciary comprises a Supreme Court and

provincial, district, and municipal courts • Suffrage is universal at eighteen


Foreign relationsClose relations:• Scandinavians countries • Italy (key role in the peace process)• Portugal

Memberships:• 1984: Mozambique joined the

World Bank and IMF• Moderate member of the African Bloc in the United Nations• Non-Aligned Movement • African Union• Southern African Development Community• Community of Portuguese Language Countries• Commonwealth of Nations


2. History

• Original Population: Bantu• Explored by Vasco da Gama in 1498• Colonized by Portugal in 1505

• Struggle for Independence (1962 – 1975)• Civil war until 1992


Struggle for independence• 1962: Calls for Mozambican independence • Several anti-colonial political groups formed the Front

for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) • September 1964: Armed campaign against

Portuguese colonial rule• 1969: Controlling one-third of the area of Mozambique

by, mostly in the northern and central provinces• 1974: Socialist-inspired military coup in Portugal

overthrew the dictatorship • Portugal affirmed intention to grant independence to

remaining colonies• June 25, 1975: Independence


Consequences

• FRELIMO established a one-party state • Allied to the Soviet bloc• Elimination of religious schools and the

role of tribal chiefs


Civil WarPositions:• Government gave shelter and support to South African

and Zimbabwean liberation movements • Governments of Rhodesia and South Africa fostered an

armed rebel movement in central Mozambique called the Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO)

Background:• Economic collapse • Mass exodus of Portuguese nationals and Mozambicans

of Portuguese heritage• Weak infrastructure • Government nationalization of privately owned industries

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• Successor of president Samora Machel, Joaquim Chissano, continued the reforms

• Peace talks with RENAMO • New constitution enacted in 1990 • Multi-party political system • market-based economy • Free elections


• Civil war ended in October 1992 • Rome General Peace Accords• Brokered by the Community of

Sant´Egidio• Supervision of the ONUMOZ

peacekeeping force of the UN• 1,7 million Refugees• Estimated 4 million internally

displaced persons


3. Demographics

• Groups: (Macua, Sena, Shoa, Shangaan, Makonde, Yao, Swahili, Tonga, Chopi, Nguni)

• Population:Bantu - 99,66 %

• Official and most widely spoken language: Portuguese• Bantus speak several of their different languages• Indigenous culture based on small-scale agriculture• Art forms: wood sculpture


4. Economy• Economic reforms (Introduction of New Metical)• Rebounding growth

(resettlement of war refugees and successful economic reform have led to a high growth rate)

• Inflation• Improving trade imbalance

– Imports remain almost 40% greater than exports, – MOZAL, a large aluminum smelter that commenced

production in mid-2000, has greatly expanded the nation's trade volume.

– Traditional Mozambican exports include cashews, shrimp, fish, copra, sugar, cotton, tea, and citrus fruits.

– Mozambique is less dependent on imports for basic food and manufactured goods because of steady increases in local production.

Thank´s for your attention

Presented byMichael Frohnapfel and

Johannes Ott

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