Mr. Clifford

US1

Chapter 3 Section 2The Agricultural South

- In the Southern colonies, a predominantly agricultural society developed.

WHY IT MATTERS- The modern South maintains many of its agricultural traditions.

Main Idea & Why It Matters

Cash Crop

Slave

Triangular trade

Middle passage

Stono Rebellion

Terms & Names

A Diverse & Prosperous People:Thousands of German raised grain, livestock,

and tobacco. Scottish & Scot-Irish settled along the hills of

North Carolina.Poor, small farmers formed the majority of the

Southern population.Planters: owners of large profitable

plantations, -controlled much of the South’s economy; - - controlled the South’s political & social institutions.

LIFE IN SOUTHERN SOCIETY

Plantations developed instead of towns/cities.

Plantations:Were built near rivers Planters could ship their goods directly to

the northern colonies & Europe Maryland, Virginia, & North Carolina: grew broad green leaves of tobacco.South Carolina & Georgia: harvested rice, cotton, & indigo

A PLANTATION ECONOMY ARISES

Women in colonial society were 2nd class citizens.

Upper class women escaped were not treated as equals.

Barely any legal, civil, or economic rightsCould not vote, preach, or own propertyWomen were responsible for all domestic

activities including: (cooking, milking cows, slaughtering pigs, & tended the garden, sewing clothing, washed & cleaned clothes)

The Role of Women:

Mostly made up of white men who traded a life of prison or poverty in Europe for limited servitude in North America.

Indentured servitude was 5-7 years of harsh labor

Indentured servants had no money or no place to go.

Indentured Servants either: moved to the western outskirts of southern

colonies to start a farm asked their former employer for work.

Indentured Servants:

The Evolution of Slavery:indentured servant population fell, colonists turned to African slaves as an

attractive alternative.Economics: African slaves worked for life

and thus brought a much larger return for the investment.

Social: colonists saw the African’s dark skin as a sign of inferiority since most colonists only saw Africans as slaves.

SLAVERY BECOMES ENTRENCHED

- 17th Century: Africans became part of a transatlantic trading network known as ‘triangular trade’.

PROCESS

1.) Merchants carried rum & other goods/merchandise from New England to Africa.

2.) In Africa, merchandise was exchanged for slaves.

3.) Slaves were sent to West Indies & sold for sugar & molasses.

4.) Sugar & molasses was then shipped to New England to be distilled into rum.

The European Slave Trade

The Triangular Trade encompassed a network of trade routes criss-crossing the Northern & Southern Colonies, West Indies, England, Europe, & West Africa. The network carried an array of goods including furs, fruit, tar, tobacco, etc.

Triangular Trade

Triangular Trade

Journey from Africa to slave auction in America

Africans where whipped, beating, and fell ill to disease that swept could sweep through entire vessel.

Sick slaves were routinely thrown overboard to avoid the spread of disease

Smell of blood, sweat, human waste, & excrement permeated throughout the ship. Many slaves chose suicide rather than suffer through the Middle Passage.

20% of all slaves who were on ship died on route to America.

Amistad

Middle Passage

Middle PassageMore Slaves = More Money

80% - 90%of all slaves worked in the fieldFull time labor began at age 12 and continued

till death.10% - 20% of slaves worked in the house of

the owner or as artisans. Domestic slaves:

cookedcleaned, raised the master’s children treated with equal cruelty Other slaves developed skills as artisans

(carpenters, bricklayers, blacksmiths) and were rented out to work on other plantations.

Slavery in the South:

Culture & Family:life was based on their cultural heritagewove baskets and molded pottery just like in

their homelandMusic, dance, & story telling helped slaves keep

their traditions. Dancing paid tribute to ancestors and gods.

The dancing would endure throughout the slave era.

Families were separated because of slave trade. Slaves would take care of family or other slaves

who lost family members.

AFRICANS COPE IN THEIR NEW WORLD

- Stono Rebellion: September 1739 – 20 slaves gathered at Stono River south of Charleston. With guns & other weapons slaves killed several planter

families and tried to get other slaves to flee south to Spanish Florida.

white militia killed or captured all the slaves. Captured slaves were executed. The Stono Rebellion made planters frightened and led to

stricter slave laws and tighter restrictions.From 1760-1801 in Virginia, 1,680 enslaved men, women, and

children fled their plantation Many runaway slaves found refuge with Native AmericansSouth depended more on slavery while the industrial North

did not.Made In America

Resistance & Revolt: