mrs teo cc diagrams by ms angela ng
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Formation of Ionic Compounds. Mrs Teo CC Diagrams by Ms Angela Ng. Revision I. 1. Atoms of metals have few (1-3) electrons in their outer shells. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Mrs Teo CCDiagrams by Ms Angela Ng
Formation of
Ionic Compounds
2. In chemical reactions, to achieve the electron structures similar to those of noble gases, the metallic atoms ________ their valence electrons.to become ___________ ions.
Revision I
1. Atoms of metals have few (1-3) electrons in their outer shells.
lose
3. Examples: Na _____ + eCa _____ + 2e
positive
Na +
Ca 2+
Revision II
1. Atoms of non-metals have many (4-7) electrons in their outer shells.
2. In chemical reactions, to achieve the electron structures similar to those of noble gases, the non-metallic atoms ________ electrons to become ____________ ions.
gain
negative
O 2-
Cl-3. Examples: O + 2 e _______
Cl + e _______
Na
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Reaction between sodium and Reaction between sodium and chlorinechlorine
Na
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Na Na needs to needs to lose 1 lose 1 electronelectron
Cl needs Cl needs to gain 1 to gain 1 electronelectron
What will happen?
Reaction between sodium and chlorineReaction between sodium and chlorine
Na
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Reaction between sodium and chlorineReaction between sodium and chlorine
Na
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Reaction between sodium and chlorineReaction between sodium and chlorine
Na
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Reaction between sodium and chlorineReaction between sodium and chlorine
Na
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Reaction between sodium and chlorineReaction between sodium and chlorine
Na
e
e
eee
e
e e
e ee
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Reaction between sodium and chlorineReaction between sodium and chlorine
Na
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
eCl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Reaction between sodium and chlorineReaction between sodium and chlorine
Na
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
e
Electron Electron transfertransfer
Reaction between sodium and chlorineReaction between sodium and chlorine
Na
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
e
NaNa + + ion ion ClCl - - ion ion
attraction
Reaction between sodium and chlorineReaction between sodium and chlorine
+-
NaCl
Positive ionsPositive ions and the and the negative ionsnegative ions are attracted to each other by an are attracted to each other by an electrostatic forceelectrostatic force . .
ionic ionic bondbond
An ionic bond results from the An ionic bond results from the transfer of electronstransfer of electrons from a from a metalmetal to a to a non-metal.non-metal.
Another eg. Another eg. Reaction between magnesium and oxygenReaction between magnesium and oxygen
O
e
e
eee
e
e e
Mg
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e
O
e
e
eee
e
e e
Reaction between magnesium and Reaction between magnesium and oxygenoxygen
Mg
e
e
eee
e
e e
e ee
e
O
e
e
eee
e
e e
Reaction between magnesium and Reaction between magnesium and oxygenoxygen
Mg
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e
O
e
e
eee
e
e e
Reaction between magnesium and Reaction between magnesium and oxygenoxygen
Mg
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e
O
e
e
eee
e
e e
Reaction between magnesium and oxygenReaction between magnesium and oxygen
Mg
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e
O
e
e
eee
e
e e
Reaction between magnesium and oxygenReaction between magnesium and oxygen
Mg
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e
MgOMgO
22++
2-2-
MgMg2+2+ ion ion OO2-2- ion ion
Another eg. Another eg. Reaction between calcium and chlorineReaction between calcium and chlorine
Ca
e
e
eee
e
e
e
e e
e
e
ee
e e
ee
e
e
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Calcium will give away 2 electrons Calcium will give away 2 electrons but chlorine atom will only take in but chlorine atom will only take in one electron !one electron !
Reaction between calcium and Reaction between calcium and chlorinechlorine
Ca
e
e
eee
e
e
e
e e
e
e
ee
e e
ee
e
e
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be needed to take the 2 electrons needed to take the 2 electrons from calcium atom.from calcium atom.
Reaction between calcium and Reaction between calcium and chlorinechlorine
Ca
e
e
eee
e
ee
e e
ee
ee
e e
ee
e
e
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be needed to take the 2 electrons needed to take the 2 electrons from calcium atom.from calcium atom.
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Reaction between calcium and chlorineReaction between calcium and chlorine
Ca
e
e
eee
e
ee
e e
ee
ee
e e
ee
e
e
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be needed to take the 2 electrons needed to take the 2 electrons from calcium atom.from calcium atom.
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Reaction between calcium and chlorineReaction between calcium and chlorine
Ca
e
e
eee
e
ee
e e
ee
ee
e e
ee
e
e
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be needed to take the 2 electrons needed to take the 2 electrons from calcium atom.from calcium atom.
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Reaction between calcium and chlorineReaction between calcium and chlorine
Ca
e
e
eee
e
ee
e e
ee
ee
e e
ee
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be needed to take the 2 electrons needed to take the 2 electrons from calcium atom.from calcium atom.
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
ee e
Reaction between calcium and chlorineReaction between calcium and chlorine
Ca
e
e
eee
e
ee
e e
ee
ee
e e
ee
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be needed to take the 2 electrons needed to take the 2 electrons from calcium atom.from calcium atom.
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
ee e
2+2+ ----
ClCl-- ClCl--Ca Ca 2+2+
CaCl2
During chemical reactions between metals and non-metals:
1. Atoms _______ ions of metals
Summary
lose electrons
positive
gain
electrons2. Atoms of ________ ions non-metals
negative
5. A compound consisting of positive ions and negative ions is called __________________
transfer
positivenegati
ve
3. There is a __________ of electron/s from a metallic atom to a non-metallic atom.
4. The ions are attracted to the ions because of opposite charges.
an ionic compound.
Examples of Ionic Compounds
• sodium chloride, NaCl
• magnesium oxide, MgO
• calcium chloride, CaCl2
• aluminium oxide, Al2O3
• zinc nitrate, Zn(NO3)2
• iron(III) sulphate, Fe2(SO4)3
Mrs Teo CCDiagrams by Ms Angela Ng
Formation of
Ionic Compounds
2. In chemical reactions, to achieve the electron structures similar to those of noble gases, the metallic atoms ________ their valence electrons.to become ___________ ions.
Revision I
1. Atoms of metals have few (1-3) electrons in their outer shells.
lose
3. Examples: Na _____ + eCa _____ + 2e
positive
Na +
Ca 2+
Revision II
1. Atoms of non-metals have many (4-7) electrons in their outer shells.
2. In chemical reactions, to achieve the electron structures similar to those of noble gases, the non-metallic atoms ________ electrons to become ____________ ions.
gain
negative
O 2-
Cl-3. Examples: O + 2 e _______
Cl + e _______
Na
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Reaction between sodium and Reaction between sodium and chlorinechlorine
Na
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Na Na needs to needs to lose 1 lose 1 electronelectron
Cl needs Cl needs to gain 1 to gain 1 electronelectron
What will happen?
Reaction between sodium and chlorineReaction between sodium and chlorine
Na
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Reaction between sodium and chlorineReaction between sodium and chlorine
Na
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Reaction between sodium and chlorineReaction between sodium and chlorine
Na
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
e
Electron Electron transfertransfer
Reaction between sodium and chlorineReaction between sodium and chlorine
Na
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
e
NaNa + + ion ion ClCl - - ion ion
attraction
Reaction between sodium and chlorineReaction between sodium and chlorine
+-
NaCl
Positive ionsPositive ions and the and the negative ionsnegative ions are attracted to each other by an are attracted to each other by an electrostatic forceelectrostatic force . .
ionic ionic bondbond
An ionic bond results from the An ionic bond results from the transfer of electronstransfer of electrons from a from a metalmetal to a to a non-metal.non-metal.
Another eg. Another eg. Reaction between magnesium and oxygenReaction between magnesium and oxygen
O
e
e
eee
e
e e
Mg
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e
O
e
e
eee
e
e e
Reaction between magnesium and Reaction between magnesium and oxygenoxygen
Mg
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e
O
e
e
eee
e
e e
Reaction between magnesium and oxygenReaction between magnesium and oxygen
Mg
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e
O
e
e
eee
e
e e
Reaction between magnesium and oxygenReaction between magnesium and oxygen
Mg
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e
MgOMgO
22++
2-2-
MgMg2+2+ ion ion OO2-2- ion ion
Another eg. Another eg. Reaction between calcium and chlorineReaction between calcium and chlorine
Ca
e
e
eee
e
e
e
e e
e
e
ee
e e
ee
e
e
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Calcium will give away 2 electrons Calcium will give away 2 electrons but chlorine atom will only take in but chlorine atom will only take in one electron !one electron !
Reaction between calcium and Reaction between calcium and chlorinechlorine
Ca
e
e
eee
e
e
e
e e
e
e
ee
e e
ee
e
e
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be needed to take the 2 electrons needed to take the 2 electrons from calcium atom.from calcium atom.
Reaction between calcium and Reaction between calcium and chlorinechlorine
Ca
e
e
eee
e
ee
e e
ee
ee
e e
ee
e
e
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be needed to take the 2 electrons needed to take the 2 electrons from calcium atom.from calcium atom.
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Reaction between calcium and chlorineReaction between calcium and chlorine
Ca
e
e
eee
e
ee
e e
ee
ee
e e
ee
e
e
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be needed to take the 2 electrons needed to take the 2 electrons from calcium atom.from calcium atom.
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Reaction between calcium and chlorineReaction between calcium and chlorine
Ca
e
e
eee
e
ee
e e
ee
ee
e e
ee
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be needed to take the 2 electrons needed to take the 2 electrons from calcium atom.from calcium atom.
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
ee e
Reaction between calcium and chlorineReaction between calcium and chlorine
Ca
e
e
eee
e
ee
e e
ee
ee
e e
ee
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
e
Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be Thus 2 chlorine atoms will be needed to take the 2 electrons needed to take the 2 electrons from calcium atom.from calcium atom.
Cl
e
e
eee
e
e e
e e
e
e e
e
ee
ee e
2+2+ ----
ClCl-- ClCl--Ca Ca 2+2+
CaCl2
During chemical reactions between metals and non-metals:
1. Atoms _______ ions of metals
Summary
lose electrons
positive
gain
electrons2. Atoms of ________ ions non-metals
negative
5. A compound consisting of positive ions and negative ions is called __________________
transfer
positivenegati
ve
3. There is a __________ of electron/s from a metallic atom to a non-metallic atom.
4. The ions are attracted to the ions because of opposite charges.
an ionic compound.
Examples of Ionic Compounds
• sodium chloride, NaCl
• magnesium oxide, MgO
• calcium chloride, CaCl2
• aluminium oxide, Al2O3
• zinc nitrate, Zn(NO3)2
• iron(III) sulphate, Fe2(SO4)3
2 Ways of forming bonds2 Ways of forming bonds
Ionic BondingIonic Bonding• electrons are electrons are transferredtransferred from one atom to from one atom to another, forming another, forming ionsions
Covalent BondingCovalent Bonding
• atoms atoms shareshare electrons to electrons to form molecules form molecules