Name ________________________________________ Date ________________Block ________________PACKET #2

Unit 1: Chemistry of Life, Part II: Biochemistry and Digestion

Reading: BSCS Text Chapter 1.6 – 1.10

Learning Objectives:

Topic 3: Organic Molecules

9. Differentiate between organic and inorganic compounds (1.6).10. List the 6 most common elements found in living things: CHNOPS/SPONCH (p. 25) 11. Define and relate the terms macromolecule, polymer, monomer, and polymerization (class)12. Describe and relate the terms: biosynthesis (dehydration synthesis), and decomposition (hydrolysis)

(2.7)13. Describe (and identify a diagram of) monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide and discuss

their significance in organisms (1.7).14. Describe (and identify a diagram of) the structure and importance of lipids - including

phospholipids and cholesterol (1.8)15. Explain the difference in structure between unsaturated and saturated lipids, and explain why eating

one type is better for your health than eating the other (1.8)16. Describe the four levels of structure in proteins, including how polypeptides form (1.9)17. Explain that different classes of proteins regulate and carry out the essential functions of life (1.9). 18. Describe the structure of nucleic acids (1.10)19. Describe the importance of nucleic acids (1.11- 1.12)

Vocabulary (Topic 3):Organic

moleculeHydrocarbonMacromoleculePolymerMonomerPolymerizationDehydration

synthesisHydrolysisCarbohydrateMonosaccharide

DisaccharidePolysaccharideStarchGlycogenCelluloseLipidsHydrophobicHydrophilicPhospholipidsCholesterolSteroidsSaturated fat

Unsaturated fatGlycerolFatty acidProteinAmino acidPolypeptidePeptide bondHormoneAntibodyStructural

proteinEnzyme

Primary, secondary, tertiary structure

Nucleic acidATPDouble helixPurinePyrimidine

Begin your discussion about food choices with your group. Come up with a few ideas for possible “desert island foods”.

Foods we are considering:

Congratulations!! You have been selected to participate in the reality TV show “Survivor: Galapagos Islands”! The producers have informed you that you must choose two foods to bring with you. Choose wisely….. you may need to survive on only those two foods for up to four months! You will have plenty of fresh water available. Start packing; your plane to the Galapagos leaves in two weeks!

As a class, let’s brainstorm some vocab, ideas, and thoughts that might help you with this challenge. What do you already know about nutrition? Take some notes on the page below.

Word Splash

Homework: Next class, we will be examining nutrition labels of these foods. The class after that, we will run tests on the foods themselves. Decide with your partner who will bring in each item you plan to test.

The Assignment – A RESEARCH Project

At the end of this project, your team will give a presentation that answers the question, “what two foods could you bring with you to a desert island to keep you alive for four months?”You should always include a hypothesis or thesis statement in your research projects. In this case, your hypothesis should deal with which two foods you have chosen, and your research should give evidence to support your choices. (Note: as you accumulate information, you may decide to change or modify your original food choices. That is ok. A true thesis statement/hypothesis is only developed after background research is conducted.)

Over the next two weeks, your group will meet for 3 class periods; check the calendar for dates. Six classes will go by quickly; focus yourselves and use time wisely. Here are some things you might consider:

Work on the project management form: determine a timeline for when each part of the project will be completed and by whom

Do outside research to find information that will help answer your question. Review the previous night’s homework assignment. Relate the topics covered

in the homework to your “Survivor: Galapagos Islands” food choices. Plan and create a presentation

You have several resources to help you navigate this project (be sure to use them!): Science writing guide Laboratory report format Peer Evaluation (group-work rubric) Nightly reading assignments and worksheets In-class activity: Analyzing Nutrition Labels

Presentation Guidelines: You do NOT need to repeat information that has been covered by your

textbook; assume your audience already has this information. Humans need a variety of different nutrients in order to survive. It is not

sufficient to only demonstrate that your foods contain the three major categories of biomolecules. You may choose to discuss

o Different types of fatty acids (trans, cis, omega-3, omega-6, etc.)o Essential vs. non-essential amino acidso Water soluble vs. lipid soluble vitamins

Include calculations of calories: how many servings of your foods will you need to reach your BMI? How many times a day will you eat?

Use a variety of credible sources. Include a works cited slide and in-text citations in your presentation. (Note: ALL sources in your works cited should be cited in the text as well.)

Analyzing Nutrition Labels

Metabolism is the sum of chemical reactions in your body. Your body uses chemical reactions to break down food, release energy, build new cell parts, produce heat, and much more. Foods you eat include macromolecules (large molecules) that your digestive system can break down for energy. These molecules include carbohydrates, protein, fats, and alcohol.

Activity 1: Calculating Kilocalories

You are going to figure out the amount of kilocalories (energy) in each of the foods you analyze. Use the kilocalorie chart below to make your calculations. Remember that foods with more kilocalories contain more energy.

Kcal per gram

Fat 9

Protein 4

Carbs 4

Name of food # Kcal from fat # Kcal from protein # Kcal from carbohydrates

Activity 2: Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)Basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy (in the form of calories) the body needs in order to function while resting for 24 hours. BMR depends on several factors including age,

sex, and height. It is possible to estimate your BMR using the formula below:

For men: BMR = 10 x weight (kg) + 6.25 x height (cm) – 5 x age (years) + 5       For women: BMR = 10 x weight (kg) + 6.25 x height (cm) – 5 x age (years) – 161

Calculate the BMR for the following people:1. A 20-year-old woman who is 175 cm tall and weighs 72 kg.

2. A 20-year-old man who is 175 cm tall and weighs 72 kg.

3. A 40-year-old woman who is 175 cm tall and weighs 72 kg.

Example: A food with 2g fat would have 19 Kcal from fat. A food with 2g protein would have 8 Kcal from protein

*Note: food labels use the word “calories” to make things sound simple. Really, labels list “kilocalories” in the food.

1 ft = 30.5 cm1 lb = 0.45 kg

Calculate your BMR.

Activity 3: Activity Energy

BMR is the amount of energy you use without doing any physical activity. To determine your total daily calorie needs, multiply your BMR by the appropriate activity factor, as follows:

• If you are sedentary (little or no exercise) : Calorie-Calculation = BMR x 1.2• If you are lightly active (light exercise/sports 1-3 days/week) : Calorie-Calculation = BMR x

1.375• If you are moderately active (moderate exercise/sports 3-5 days/week) : Calorie-Calculation =

BMR x 1.55• If you are very active (hard exercise/sports 6-7 days a week) : Calorie-Calculation = BMR x

1.725• If you are extra active (very hard exercise/sports & physical job or 2x training) : Calorie-

Calculation = BMR x 1.91. Calculate the kilocalories you use everyday (your BMR + Kcal for daily activities)

2. How many kilocalories would you use everyday if you were a lumberjack (extra active)?

Activity 4: Kilocalories and Food Groups

Answer the following questions in complete sentences.1. List 4 foods that people eat because we like the taste, even

though the food provides very little energy.

2. How many servings of your desert island foods would you need to eat per day to meet your energy needs on the island? Explain your answer.

HomeworkLook at the nutrition label to the right. Type and submit answers to ONE of the following questions. (Remember the writing guide!)

1. Describe the carbohydrate content of this food. List the categories of carbohydrates present. What specific molecules are likely present in the 41 grams

of “Total Carbohydrate”? From which ingredients does each molecule come?

2. Describe the fat content of this food. List the

categories of fats present. What specific molecules are likely present in the 1 gram of “Total Fat”? From which ingredients does each molecule come?

Vitamins and Minerals

Define the following:

Vitamin ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Mineral ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Use the Internet to complete the chart below. On the back of this page, record any sources you use. You should choose only credible sources.

Vitamin/Mineral What does it do for you?

Food Sources Deficiency Info Does your island food have enough of this?

Vitamin A

Vitamin B6

Vitamin D

Iron

Calcium

Magnesium

Zinc

Cite your sources using MLA format in the space below.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Review Questions: Chemistry of Life, Part II

1. Identify the following molecules by both name and category (carbohydrates, protein, lipid, or nucleic acid).

2. Complete the following chart, comparing different polysaccharides.

Part II: Match each question to the correct biomolecule(s). Answers may be reused, and many questions will have multiple answers.

A. CarbohydratesB. LipidsC. ProteinsD. Nucleic AcidsE. None of these

1. Biomolecules the human body can use for energy. __________________

2. Contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. __________________

a. Contains approximately equal numbers of oxygen and carbon. __________________

3. Carries encoded information. __________________

4. Polymer of amino acids. __________________

5. Polymer of monosaccharides. __________________

6. Hydrophobic. __________________

7. Hydrophilic. __________________

8. Forms by dehydration synthesis. __________________

9. Contains nitrogen. __________________

10. Some examples contain carbon, but no hydrogen. __________________

11. ATP is an example. __________________

12. Monomers are joined by peptide bonds. __________________

13. Important examples include enzymes, hormones, antibodies. __________________

13. 14.

15. 16.

17. 18.

19. 20.

21. 22.

23.

Part III: Building/Breaking Down Polymers1. The following set of questions refers to the diagram below.

___________________ + ______ ___________ + ____________a. On the lines below the diagram, name the molecules shown in the chemical

reaction.b. What is this chemical reaction called? _________________________c. Will water be formed or used in this reaction? _________________________

2. The following set of questions refers to the molecule below.

+ ______________________ + __________

A. Fill in the structural formulas to complete the chemical equation on the lines above.

B. What monomers are involved in this reaction? _________________________

C. What special type of covalent bond will join these two monomers?

_________________________

D. What is this reaction called? _________________________

3. The following set of questions refers to the molecule below:

A. What type of molecule is pictured above?

B. What is the monomer from which this polymer is synthesized?

C. Will water be formed or used if this polymer is degraded into monomers?

D. How many molecules of water will be formed or used?

The following diagrams may help you with your notes. Cut and paste them into your notebook to help you answer objectives.

Objective 5:

Objective 6:

A triglyceride (fat)

Objective 7:

Objective 8:

Objective 8:

Objective 10:

Cellulose

Building

Blocks

Modeling

Dehydrati

on Synthesis and

Hydrolysi

s