MUSCULAR SYSTEM

600 muscles in human body

Bundles of tiny contractile muscle fibersHeld together by connective tissue

Fibers initiate movement when stimulated by nerve endings

Recreate Figure 9-5 page 249

MUSCULAR STRUCTURESSarcoplasm >Myofibril >Endomysium = fiber bundle

Bundle > Perimysium > Epimysium

MUSCULAR MOVEMENTRotationAdductionAbductionExtension Flexion

Plantar and palmar

DorsiflexionEversionInversion

INJURIES

Muscle SpasmInvoluntary Contraction due to injury

Muscle strain3 grades

Myositis ossificansCalcium build up

TendonitisOveruse

Muscle SorenessAOMS vs. DOMS

Muscle StiffnessFluid collections

Muscle CrampsInvoluntary contraction

Due to fatigue or heat

Muscle GuardingNot allowing movement

JOINTSMade up of bones connected byLigaments (collagen elastic fibers)

Synovial Fluid (lubrication for friction)

Cartilage (shock absorption & motion control)

Hyaline-Respiratory system & end of bones

Fibrous-Vertebral discs, symphsis pubis, menisci

Elastic-External ear & Eustachian tube

JOINTS

Three categories1.Fibrous/Synarthrotic

– Immovable joints bones of cranium

2.Cartilaginous/Amphiarthrotic– Slightly moveable vertebra of spine

3. Synovial/Diarthrotic– Freely moveable elbow, knee, fingers

TYPES OF JOINTS

Ball & Socket shoulder

Pivot wrist

Hinge elbow

Saddle thumb

Condyloid metacarpals

Gliding vertebrae

JOINT CHART1)List the major joints of the body (shoulder, hip, wrist, spine, ankle etc)2) Use Text page 332

3) Identify TYPE of JOINT4) Describe the MOVEMENT of the joint.

INJURIESLigament or capsular sprains

Dislocations and subluxations

Synovitis and bursitis

SKELETAL SYSTEM206 bonesProvide support for muscles, fat, and soft tissuesProtect internal organsProvides attachment for musclesProduce blood cells (hematopoiesis)

Store majority of the body’s calcium supplyProvide leverage for lifting and movement

Skeletal Trauma

Anatomical Characteristics

Dense connective tissue matrixOuter compact tissueInner porous cancellous bone

Ossification work of osteoblasts & osteoclasts

Involves growth of diaphysis and the epiphyseal growth plates towards one another

As cartilage matures, immature osteoblasts replace to ultimately form solid bone

Bone diameter increases via the activity of osteoblasts adding to the exteriorBalance between -blasts & -clasts at full size

BONE GROWTH

Deforming forces, premature injury, growth plate dislocation can alter growth patterns and/or result in deformity of boneChanges in activity and hormonal levels can alter balanceBone loss begins to exceed external bone growth overtimeAs thickness decreases, bones are less resistant to forces --osteoporosisBone’s functional adaptation to stresses follows Wolff’s Law --every change in form and function or in its function alone is followed by changes in architectural design

BONE DEFORMITY

FRACTUREPain at the site of an injuryDeformityOpen (compound) vs. Closed (with in the skin)

Edema at the injury siteSwelling

Ecchymosis Bruising

FRACTURE SYMPTOMSGrating or crepitation

Crackling sound when bone is moved

ImmobilityNumbness or tinglingPale or cold skin due to impaired circulation

FRACTURESDepressedGreenstickImpactedLongitudinalSerratedContrecoupBlowoutAvulsion

ObliqueButterfly (Oblique-transverse) Spiral Transverse Comminuted Metaphyseal Compression

CHRONIC JOINT INJURIESOsteochondrosisOsteoarthritisBursistis