music in the renaissance period
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RENAISSANCEVíctor Acevedo González, nº1Lucía Allen Fano, nº3Iván Bueno Ferrero, nº7 2ºE.S.O. B
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RENAISSANCE
• 14th to 17th century.• Started in Florence, Italy. • Cultural bridge that marked the start of the Early Modern Age.• Ancient Rome and Greece ideas reborned.
• Great intellectual and cultural movement: Humanism• “Humans are the centre of the Universe”
• “Do your best at Earth!”
Vitruvian Man,Leonardo da Vinci
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La Gioconda,Leonardo da Vinci
Fractionary numbers,Christoff Rudolff
Thomas á KempisEl Quijote,Miguel de Cervantes
MUSIC
ARTLITERATURE PHILOSOPHY
SCIENCE
RENAISSANCE
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• Before this period, the most important music was played by the Church.
• Renaissance -> Music expanded to nobles’ palaces.
• Music started to be considered an art form.
• Princes and dukes created chapels:• 15-20 musicians.• Leaded by the Kappelmeister.
MUSICAL RENAISSANCE
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RENAISSANCE MUSIC:• JUST POLYPHONY!:• Counterpoint polyphony. • Homophonic polyphony.
• The rhythm was regular.• The beats were soft (except in dances).• Lyrics were very important.• Emphasize
• Equilibrium between voices.
MUSICAL RENAISSANCE
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•MASS:• Musical form based on the
union of sacred texts•MOTET:
• Polyphonic composition without accompainment.• Doesn’t overlap different
lyrics.
• Most important composers:• Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina• Orlando di Lasso (Italy)• Tomás Luis de Victoria & Cristóbal
Morales(Spain)
RELIGIOUS VOCAL MUSIC
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•PROTESTANT REFORMATION:• Germany 1519, Martin Luther
creates Protestantism.• Brought several changes to music:
• Music began to be written in German.• Chorale; the most important
protestant music genre.• Simple, four voice work.• Sung in German.• Homophony.
RELIGIOUS VOCAL MUSIC
• Anglican Church -> ANTHEM Marthin Luther,“creator” of Protestantism.
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•COUNTER-REFORMATION:• The Catholic church was worried
about internal fights.• Trent Council (1545-1563):
• The songs were written in Latin.• Any Secular theme was
forbidden.• Polyphony was simplified.
RELIGIOUS VOCAL MUSIC
Pope Paul III, convener of the Council of Trent.
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• Different in each area.
• ITALY (Madrigal):• Complex polyphony.• Sung by 4 to 5 voices.• Usually, was sung a capella.• Luca Marenzio & Claudio
Monteverdi.
• SPAIN (Villancico):• NOT RELATED TO
CHRISTMAS.• Sung in Spanish.• Juan del Enzina.
SECULAR VOCAL MUSIC
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• Was being forgotten.• JUST to entertain people.
• PRESS INVENTION (~1440):
• Musicians printed and spread a great number of works.• Sheet music.• Music theory books.
• Anyone might get involved in music world.
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
• Scores based on vocal works:• In the beginning -> Sung by several voices.• Later -> Adapted for instruments.
• Scores based on improvisation:- Were improvised with a written reference.- Were invented as the music was playing.
• Scores written for being danced:• Sung by four voices.• Generally homophonic.
• Basse danse• Pavane• Galliard• Allemande• Courante.
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FRANCO-FLEMISH SCHOOL:• Nowadays Netherlands and France.• Josquin des Prez & Orlando di Lasso.
• Whole Europe’s polyphonic music improvement.
SPANISH SCHOOL:• Deep and dramatic music.• Cristóbal De Morales & Tomás Luis de Victoria.
EUROPEAN SCHOOLS
Cristóbal de Morales,Spanish school
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VENETIAN SCHOOL:• VERY IMPORTANT for Music History.
• Its innovations introduced marked the end of Mussical Renaissance.
• Beginning of the BAROQUE.
• Considered to be the creator of music for two or more choirs.
• Adrian Willaert (Creator of the school) & Claudio Monteverdi.
EUROPEAN SCHOOLS
Adrian Willaert,Creator of Spanish school