my life’s a circle. matter cycles n the movement of inorganic materials from the atmosphere or...

My Life’s a Circle

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My Life’s a Circle

Matter Cycles

the movement of INORGANIC materials from the atmosphere or soil into living ORGANISMS and back again.

WATER CYCLE

WATER IN ATMOSPHERE

PRECIPITATION EVAPORATION

WATER /ICE

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WATER CYCLE

EVAPORATION - liquid to gas PRECIPITATION - gas to liquid Organisms return water to the

atmosphere through TRANSPIRATION, PERSPIRATION, and EXCRETION

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Carbon/Oxygen Cycle

CARBON DIOXIDE

PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION

OXYGEN

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Carbon/Oxygen Cycle

Photosynthesis – plants use CARBON DIOXIDE and release OXYGEN

Respiration – plants and animals use OXYGEN and release CARBON DIOXIDE

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Carbon/Oxygen Cycle

Burning of FOSSIL FUELS increases the amount of CARBON DIOXIDE in the atmosphere.

This may be increasing the temperature.

(GREENHOUSE effect)

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Nitrogen Cycle

NITROGEN GAS

NITROGEN FIXATION

DENITRIFICATION

NITRATES

ANIMALS PLANTS

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Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen is necessary to make AMINO ACIDS

Nitrogen FIXATION is done by plants containing rhizobium bacteria.

DENITRIFICATION is the returning of nitrogen into the atmosphere

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Population

A group of individuals of the same SPECIES that live in the same AREA at the same TIME.

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Population growth rate

CHANGE IN THE # OF INDIVIDUALS

TIME

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Biotic Potential

The rate at which a POPULATION will grow if all individuals SURVIVE and REPRODUCE at maximum capacity.

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Growth Curve

Lag Phase – little or no increase in a population

Exponential Phase – population DOUBLES in a specific time interval and keeps DOUBLING in increasingly shorter periods of time.

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Exponential Phase

Time

Lag Phase

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Carrying Capacity

The MAXIMUM number of individuals that the ecosystem is capable of SUPPORTING.

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Carrying Capacity

Lag Phase

Exponential Phase

Time

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Limits to Growth

Density-dependent factors Density-independent factors

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Density-dependent factors

As the DENSITY changes, these factors change

Space Food Predators

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Density-independent factors

Factors that affect population that have nothing to do with DENSITY

Climate changes Natural disaster

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Oh Deer!

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Succession

The gradual, SEQUENTIAL replacement of POPULATIONS in an area

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Pioneer Species

The first SPECIES to colonize an area

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Seral Community

Intermediate COMMUNITIES

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Climax Community

A community that will remain STABLE as long as it is left undisturbed

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Primary succession

The sequential REPLACEMENT of populations of an area that has not previously supported LIFE

Example: Sand dunes, volcanic rock, glaciers removing soil, pavement

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Secondary succession

The sequential REPLACEMENT of populations in DISRUPTED habitats that have not been totally stripped of soil and vegetation.

Example: FOREST FIRE, LOGGING, FARMING, MINING

Old field succession – Replacement of populations in abandoned farm fields

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Succession in lakes

The transformation of CRYSTAL CLEAR BODIES OF WATER to dry LAND

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Eutrophication

An increase in the amount of NUTRIENTS in an environment

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Oligotrophic

A lake that is so low in NUTRIENTS that few organisms can LIVE in it.

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Eutrophic

A lake with many NUTRIENTS in it.

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