Animals3

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Animals are divided into two groups: vertebratesand invertebrates. Vertebrates have a backbone.Invertebrates do not have a backbone.

VERTEBRATES

ZOO

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Listen and point. Which animals make these noises? Do you know their names?

Find the animals that are in the incorrect section. Do you know their names?

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INVERTEBRATES

Are you a vertebrate or an invertebrate?

What about these animals? Are they vertebrates or invertebrates?

My wordsAmphibian, backbone, egg, pupa, larva,chrysalis, caterpillar, fur, embryo, to feed, to hatch, cold-blooded.

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A backbone.

Vertebrates

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Animals can be divided into two main groups.One group contains animals that have a backbone. These animals are called vertebrates.

The other group has animals that do not havea backbone. These are called invertebrates.

Fish, reptiles, birds, amphibians and mammalshave a backbone, they are vertebrates.

Can you think of four more vertebrates?1

Copy and match the type of animal to the description.2

My world factWhat do you think the smallest mammal is?The bumblebee bat, the country mouse, orthe chipmunk?

1. They live in the water, their body has scales. They have gillsto breathe in the water. They are often cold-blooded.

2. They have feathers on their body and they also have abeak. Most of them can fly, but some, like penguins, can’tfly.

3. They live on land and in water. They have smooth skin.

4. They have some fur or hair; the mother feeds the babieswith her milk. They are warm-blooded.

5.

a) amphibians

b) mammals

c) fish

d) reptile

e) bird

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Invertebrates

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How many insects can you name?1

Now I know

Copy the diagram in your notebook and add this information.

Which ideas describe mammals? Copy the sentences which describe a mammal in your notebook.

1. They have scales. 4. They have fur or hair.2. The mother feeds her babies with her milk. 5. They are vertebrates. 3. They live in the water.

Bees are insects. Spiders are arachnids.

living thing have a backbone haven’t got a backbone arachnids mammals

insects dog bee human being

Animals without a backbone are called invertebrates. Insectsare invertebrates. They are the largest group of animals. Spidersare also invertebrates. They belong to a group called arachnids.

.....Vertebrates Invertebrates

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Some animals grow from eggs

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What is the first stage in most animal life cycles?1

Where do hens lay their eggs? How many eggs do you think they usually lay in a day?

• 1 egg? • 5 eggs?• 3 eggs? • 10 eggs?

2

Animals change and grow throughout theirlifetime, very much like human beings do.Animals, like plants, have life cycle. The firststage in some animals’ life cycles is the egg.Animal eggs have different functions.

• The egg provides food to the embryo.

• The egg protects the embryo while itgrows.

Different animals produce different kinds of eggs, and differentnumbers of eggs. Insect eggs are so small that often we can’tsee them. Insects lay a lot of eggs in water or on leaves andwood. Other animals like frogs and fish usually lay their eggsin water. Birds produce fewer eggs than insects, fish or frogs.

Hens.

embryo

egg

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The life cycle of a butterfly

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Now I know

protect provide

Egg

A butterfly lays its eggs on leaves.

Larva

A caterpillar (larva)hatches from the egg.The caterpillar isalways hungry andeats a lot.

Pupa

The caterpillar growsand forms a hard shell,called the chrysalis orpupa. The butterfly is formed inside thechrysalis.

Butterfly

Now, the wings, legsand the rest of thebutterfly areformed. When theinsect comes out, itis a beautiful adultbutterfly.

Copy and complete the sentence.

Eggs ..... food to the embryo and ..... it while it grows.

Copy the sentences in the correct order.

1. The butterfly comes out of the chrysalis. 2. The caterpillar hatches from the egg. 3. The butterfly lays eggs on a leaf. 4. The caterpillar grows and forms a hard

shell.

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Mammals

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What do whales, dolphins, kangaroos, dogs and cats havein common?

1

What makes mammals different from other vertebrates? 2

If we look at them, they may seem to be very different, but theyall have at least one thing in common: they are mammals.

As mammals they have some common characteristics:

• They are vertebrates, they have a backbone, and they alsohave hair or fur.

• All mammals have lungs to absorb the oxygen they need tolive from the air.

• Female mammals produce milk to feed their young.

Female monkeys produce milkto feed their young.

Kangaroos carry their young intheir pouch.

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The life cycle of a mammal

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Now I know

Copy the ideas which describe mammals in your notebook.

1. Their embryos usually grow inside the mother’s body. 4. They are invertebrates. 2. The mother feeds the babies with milk. 5. They have scales.3. They usually lay eggs on leaves. 6. They are vertebrates.

Do mammals usually lay eggs? Where do their embryos grow? 1

When the babiesare born, themother feedsthem with milk.

Young mammals spend time with theirparents and they learnthe skills they need tosurvive before they too become mothersor fathers.

Most mammalembryos growinside themother’s body.

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My turnAnimal categories

Cut out photographs of different animals from magazinesand newspapers.

1

Are they mammals?3

Sort the animals into two groups: vertebrates and invertebrates. 2

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Endangered animalsOur world

Look at the pictures. How will these changes affect the lives of animals and plants in the habitat?

1

Look at the pictures above. What do you know aboutthese animals? Where do they live? In the city? In thecountry? In a mountainous area? On the coast? Are theseanimals in real danger? Have you ever seen one of these?

2

We know that animals survive when they can find everythingthey need in their habitat. Some living things may not surviveif their habitats change.

Endangered animals are animals that are in danger of becomingextinct because there are very few of them in the world. Whenmany animals of the same kind die, that kind of animal maybecome endangered.

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My progressAnimals

Make a chart and classify these animals into vertebrates or invertebrates.

1

Copy and complete these groups of vertebrates. Write the name of two animals for each group.

2

Name two animals that do not have a backbone.3

What are the three characteristics of mammals? Draw a mammal.

5

Copy only the correct sentences related to fish.

• They live on land and in water. They have smooth skin.• They live in the water. Their body has scales. They have gills

to breathe. They are often cold-blooded.

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Order these sentences.

• Pupa. The caterpillar grows and makes a covering. Under this covering is the chrysalis or pupa.

• Larva. A caterpillar hatches from the egg. The caterpillar is always hungry and eats a lot.

• Egg. A butterfly lays eggs on a leaf.• Butterfly. Inside the covering the pupa begins to change,

when the insect comes out it is an adult butterfly.

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wasp

spiderjellyfish shark whale kangaroo

worm caterpillar horse bat

bee dog cow mouse ant grasshopper

mammals amphibians birds fish reptiles

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Organising what I knowLook at the mind map. Copy and complete it. Use the words in the boxes.

1

Can you add more words?2

Listen to the descriptions. Which animals are described?3 17

birdsmammals

reptiles

amphibians

fish

arachnidsinsects

..... ..... ..... ..... .....

..... .....

Animals

Vertebrates Invertebrates

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