Name _________________Period_______

Forces and Motion

Newton’s Laws of Motion/graphing motion and energy

Page Assignment Title Date Assigned Date Due Grade

Received1- Thrill Ride2- Newton’s 1st Law of Motion notes3- Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion notes

4- Newton’s Second Law: Off to the RacesForces, Motion, and Newton’s Laws

5- Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion &Classifying Movement notes

6- Newton’s Third Law: Action-Reaction PairsFrom Here to There

8- Graphing Motion- Distance vs. Time & Speed vs. Time notes

9- Distance vs. Time Motion GraphsSpeed vs. Time Motion Graphs

11- Forms of Energy notes

12- Energy BasicsWhat is Energy?

14- Gravity notes15- Friction notes16- Balanced and Unbalanced Forces notes17- Force (Free-body) Diagrams notes18- Momentum & Circular Motion notes

4.1 TSW USE EXAMPLES TO EXPLAIN THE CONCEPT OF INERTIA IN EVERYDAY SITUATIONS.4.2 TSW DESCRIBE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MASS AND GRAVITY.4.3 TSW DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING INTERACTIONS: SPEED, VELOCITY, AND ACCELERATION.4.4 TSW DRAW AND INTERPRET DIAGRAMS AND GRAPHS REPRESENTING AN OBJECT’S MOTION.4.5 TSW DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING FORCES: GRAVITY AND FRICTION.4.6 TSW PROVIDE EVIDENCE TO DEMONSTRATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORCE AND MOTION.

Thrill

4.7 TSW IDENTIFY THE FORCE(S) ACTING ON MOVING AND STATIONARY OBJECTS.4.8 TSW DETERMINE THE NET FORCE ON AN OBJECT GIVEN A DIAGRAM.4.9 TSW DESCRIBE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISTANCE AND GRAVITY.

4.10 TSW EXPLAIN THAT EVERY OBJECT EXERTS GRAVITATIONAL FORCE ON EVERY OTHER OBJECT.7.1 TSW THE STUDENT WILL USE AN OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF ENERGY.7.2 TSW THE STUDENT WILL DEMONSTRATE THAT ENERGY CAN BE KINETIC OR POTENTIAL.

P8B1 TSW KNOW THE EFFECTS OF BALANCED AND UNBALANCED FORCES ON AN OBJECT’S MOTION.P8B3 TSW KNOW EVERY OBJECT EXERTS GRAVITATIONAL FORCE ON EVERY OTHER OBJECT, AND THE MAGNITUDE OF THIS FORCE DEPENDS ON THE MASS OF

THE OBJECTS AND THEIR DISTANCE FROM ONE ANOTHER.

“The Story – Part I: Fairs and Horses” (Thrill Ride! pages 1-2)

“Maximum Fear” (Thrill Ride! page 4)1. What scientist first described the forces experienced on roller coasters nearly 300 years ago?

2. What makes something a law as opposed to a theory??

3. What do Newton’s three laws of motion describe?

4. Where can Newton’s laws of motion be observed?

5. What characteristic does the interested land developer want her amusement park to demonstrate?

6. What types of rides do you think would appeal to the widest demographic of amusement park goers? (Teenagers, parents, grandparents, couples, singles, friends, families, etc.)

7. As the final project for this unit, you will design and build a ride! What qualifications must your ride meet for it to be selected to be included in a professional amusement park?!

“Disney Animal Kingdom a Mammoth Undertaking,” “New Blizzard Beach is all Wet and Wild,” & “Indiana Jones’ Wild Ride” (Thrill Ride! pages 3 & 6)

HOMEWORK: Planning a Theme Park1. What things should you think about when you are planning or creating a theme park?

2. If you were to create your own theme park, what themes would you consider? (Name at least 3)

3. What important facts must you consider when you are putting together rides and attractions at a theme park?

4. What types of rides would you include? (Name at least 6)

Newton’s 1st Law of Motion

Motion (def.)-

An object is in ___________ if it changes position relative to a ______________ point Reference Point (def.)-

Its position _____________________________________ Newton’s First Law of Motion

Definition

Key Information

Real-Life Examples

4.1- TSW USE EXAMPLES TO EXPLAIN THE CONCEPT OF ________________ IN EVERYDAY SITUATIONS.

Illustration/Diagram

If objects in motion tend to stay in motion, why don’t moving objects keep moving forever?

HOMEWORK : How does Newton’s 1st Law affect your day? Write about two ways that it has had a positive (or helpful) impact on your life, and two ways it has had a negative (or irritating) affect on your life.

Positive (or helpful) Negative (or irritating) 1.

2.

Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

Definition

Key Information

4.6- TSW PROVIDE EVIDENCE TO DEMONSTRATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ______________ AND _______________.

Unit of Force: ___________ abbreviation: ________

Real-Life Examples

Illustration/Diagram

1. Imagine a ball of a certain mass moving at a certain acceleration. This ball has a _______ ______.

2. Imagine we make the ball twice as big (double the mass) but keep the acceleration ____________.o F = ma says ____________________________________________________________.

3. Imagine the original ball moving at twice the original acceleration.o F = ma says ____________________________________________________________.

4. If you ______________ the ________________, you ______________ the _____________ .5. If you ______________ the ________________, you ______________ the _____________.6. What happens to the force if you double the mass and the acceleration?

7. What happens to the force if you decrease the mass by half?

8. Something very ___________ (high mass) that’s changing speed very ______________ (low acceleration), like a glacier, can still have ________________ ____________________.

9. Something very ___________ (low mass) that’s changing speed very ______________ (high acceleration), like a bullet, can still have a ____________ ______________.

10.Something very _________ changing speed very _________ will have a very ___________ force.11.How can you change the acceleration of an object?

Acceleration = ________________o Change the ________ on the object

• Increase force = _______________ _________________• Decrease force = _______________ _________________

o Change the ________ of the object• Decrease mass = ________________ __________________• Increase mass = ________________ __________________

F = ma Practice Problems Show your work, circle your answer.Mike’s Car

m=a=F= m×a =

Water Skierm=a=F= m×a =

Elevatorm=a=F= m×a =

Go Cartm=a=F= m×a =

Newton’s Second Law: Off to the Races!

It’s Friday afternoon and all you can think about during science is the upcoming go-cart races. You and a friend have been working on your entry for over two months. With race weekend only a month away, there is still a lot of work to be done.

Your friend comes over after school with a worried look on her face. She explains to you that Miley and Justin have designed an awesome cart that no one could possibly beat. As the two of you sit and mope, an idea springs into your head.

“Wasn’t the science teacher talking about something that had to do with acceleration? Yeah, it was something about Newton.” Finally, you remember what it was. “Newton’s Second Law of Motion states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force acting on it, and inversely proportional to its mass.” You look to your friend with a smile on your face and tell her it is time to get to work. You explain that by using Newton’s Second Law of Motion you can help make sure that your go-cart is the fastest one at the races.

Newton’s Second Law of Motion can be written as: Net Force = Mass × Acceleration or F = M × AAcceleration = Net Force ÷ Mass or A = F ÷ M

Show your work. Answer the following questions using your knowledge of Newton’s Laws.1. If your go-cart weighs 500 kg, what is the force you will have to apply to accelerate it at

+1.5 m/s2?

2. You discover that Miley and Justin’s go-cart weighs 400 kg and will have a 675 N force acting on it. How fast will it accelerate (to the nearest tenth)?

3. If you are able to decrease the mass of your go-cart by 15%, and the same force that was applied in question #1 is applied, will your go-cart be able to beat Miley and Justin’s? (Round your answer to the nearest tenth.) Explain.A. What is the mass of your go cart? ________

B. What is 15% of your go cart’s mass? ______

C. What would the mass of your new go cart be? _________

D. What was the force from #1? _________

E. What would your new acceleration be? ____________

F. Will your go cart be able to beat Miley and Justin’s? _________

Copyright ©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Forces, Motion & Newton’s Laws

Match the terms below to the statements given. Words may be used more than once, or not at all!A. p = mv B. F = maC. normal forceD. terminal velocity

E. Newton’s First Law of MotionF. Newton’s Second Law of MotionG. Newton’s Third Law of Motion

1. ______ Force is equal to mass times acceleration.2. ______ An object in motion will stay in motion, unless acted upon by a net force.3. ______ Shoes push against the gym floor and the basketball player’s hand moves above the

rim after the floor pushes back.4. ______ Momentum is equal to mass times velocity.5. ______ The “support” force exerted by a stable surface.6. ______ The speed an object reaches when the force of gravity is balanced by the force of

air resistance.7. ______ The Voyager spacecraft glides at a constant speed between Earth and Mars.8. ______ aka “The Law of Inertia”9. Calculate the force necessary to stop an 80 kg bicyclist if he is accelerating at 0.5

m/s2.

Study the illustration of the diver. Then indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If the statement is false, change the word(s) in italics to make it true.10. True / False. After the diver jumps forward from the

diving board, the force of gravity will accelerate the diver parallel to the direction of motion. _______________________

11. True / False. If the diver doesn’t have the correct form when she enters the water, the force of the water can positively accelerate her speed. _______________________

12. True / False. When the diver enters the water, the force of the water is opposite to the velocity of the diver. _______________________

Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion

Classifying Movement

13. True / False. Momentum prevents the diver from moving in a straight line once she jumps from the platform. _______________________

Copyright ©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

Definition

Key Information

Real-Life Examples

Illustration/Diagram

4.3- TSW DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING INTERACTIONS: ____________, _____________, AND ______________________.

Speed (def.)-

Formula :

Instantaneous speed (def.)-

Constant “uniform” speed (def.)-

Average speed (def.)-

Formula :

Velocity (def.)-

Acceleration is the rate _____________ changes

Acceleration (def.)- a change in ______________ or _______________ Positive Acceleration (def.)-

Negative Acceleration (def.)-

Movement Practice

What types of rides have riders moving at a “constant speed”?

What kind of ride do you think it would be easier to find the average speed for?

Does constant speed necessarily imply constant velocity? __________What would an object that has a constant velocity look like?

Newton’s Third Law: Action-Reaction Pairs

Complete the table by naming the action and reaction forces in the following examples.

Example Action Force Reaction Force Diagram (arrows, labels)

1. A flying bird Bird’s Wings Air

2. Bumper car A collides

with bumper car B

3. Holding your hand out the window of a moving car

Fair

Fwings

4. Walking on a sidewalk

5. Touching your finger

to your nose

Supply the missing word or phrase in the following statements.6. Newton’s third law states, “For every action, there is an equal but ______________________.7. Action-reaction forces are always the same ____________ but are in opposite ____________.8. When you swim in water, your arms push the water __________. The water reacts by pushing

___________ on your arms causing your body to accelerate __________________.Answer the following questions in complete sentences.9. How could the action force of a canoe moving through water be increased?

10. If there were no action-reaction forces in effect, describe what would happen as you walk down a sidewalk.

11. How does Newton’s Third Law explain the forces involved when a car hits a concrete barricade?

Copyright ©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

From Here to There

Speed refers to how fast an object is moving. Motion is a change in the position of an object when compared to a non moving reference point. Velocity is the speed of an object and its direction of motion. A change in velocity is called acceleration. A decrease in velocity is called negative acceleration or deceleration. The rate of acceleration depends on both the about of force used and the mass of the object being moved.

Force is a push or pull that is exerted on an object. When a strong enough force is applied to an object, the object’s motion

changes. If you apply a small force to a massive object (like a car), you will cause a small amount of acceleration. If you apply a large force to a small object (like a tennis ball), you will cause a large amount of acceleration. Any object that is moving in a straight line at a constant speed is not accelerating.

Use words from the passage above to fill in the blanks.1. A change in an object’s location is

________________.2. A push or pull that is exerted on an object is

________________.3. _____________ is the speed of an object and its direction of

motion.4. The rate at which velocity changes is ________________.

Circle the answer that correctly completes each sentence.5. A car sitting at a stoplight ( is / is not ) accelerating.6. A car driving at 50 km/hr for a long time on a straight stretch of

highway ( is / is not ) accelerating.7. A car that begins to move after a stoplight turns green ( is / is

not ) accelerating.8. A car slowing down as it pulls into a parking space ( is / is not )

an example of negative acceleration.9. As force increases and mass decreases, acceleration

( increases / decreases ). 10. As force decreases and mass increases, acceleration

( increases / decreases ).

Use the formula for calculating speed to solve these problems.11. A car travels 74 kilometers in two hours. What is its average

speed? (speed = distance / time)

Graphing Motion- Distance vs. Time

12. If the car continues on, but increases its speed (accelerates) at a constant rate of 2 km per hour each hour, at what speed will it be traveling after 2 hours?

© 2002 McDonald Publishing Co. 4.4- TSW ____________ AND ________________ DIAGRAMS AND GRAPHS REPRESENTING

AN ________________ ________________.

Graphing Motion- Distance vs. Time The slope of a line is how much it is on a tilt/angle

o If the slope stays the same, the object is ___________________________________o If the slope gets steeper, the object is _____________________________________o If the slope gets lower, the object is ______________________________________

At Rest-Stopped

Constant Speed-Fast & Slow

Acceleration-Positive & Negative

Traveling-Leaving home & Going

home

How far is the truck from its starting point after:1. 10 s _________2. 15s _________3. 30 s _________4. 43 s _________5. 50 s _________

Label each distance vs. time graph with the statement (a.-c.), which correctly describes the motion of a horse.a) horse travels fast (gallops) then changes to

slower speed (trot)b) horse travels fast (gallops) then stopsc) horse travels slowly (trot) then changes to

higher speed (gallops), stops, then speeds off quickly (gallops)

Label each distance vs. time graph with the statement (d.-f.), which correctly describes the motion of a train.d) train travels slowly then changes to higher speed

(accelerates), then slows down (decelerates)e) train travels faster and faster (accelerating)f) train travels fast then slows down (decelerating)

Label each distance vs. time graph with the statement (g.-i.), which correctly describes the motion of a

Graphing Motion- Speed vs. Time

soccer player.g) player runs faster, stops then

runs fast back to starting point

h) player runs fast then immediately runs half-way back, then forward and back

several timesi) player jogs slowly, changes to running speed (accelerates),

then slows down (decelerates) to a stop and reverses direction coming back to the starting point

The graph shows the varying speed at which a worm travels over a 10-minute interval. Use proper units!!1. What is the greatest speed the worm reaches? __________2. What is the acceleration during the first 2 min? _____________3. How fast is the worm traveling as it goes from A to B? ______4. How far does the worm travel from A to B? _____________5. What is the worm’s acceleration from A to B? ___________6. How does the worm’s motion change from B to C?

_______________________________________________7. What is the worm’s acceleration during the last 2 min?

__________8. How would you describe the worm’s motion during the last 2

min? ______________________________________________________

Graphing Motion- Speed (Velocity) vs. Time o If the slope stays the same, the object is __________________________________________o If the slope gets steeper, the object is ___________________________________________o If the slope becomes negative, the object is ________________________________________

At Rest-Stopped

Constant Speed-Fast & Slow

Acceleration-Positive & Negative

Traveling-Leaving home & Going

home

1. Which graph(s) (A.-F.) involve a time where the speed (velocity) of an object was held constant?

2. Which graph(s) (A.-F.) involve a time where the acceleration of an object was held constant?

Which graph (A.-F.) or none of the above shows:3. Positive acceleration (speeding up), then steady

speed (velocity), then negative acceleration (slowing down), then Positive acceleration (speeding up)? ____________

4. Steady speed (velocity), negative acceleration (slowing down), then steady speed (velocity)? ____________

5. Constant positive acceleration? ____________

6. Steady speed (velocity) then positive acceleration (speeding up)? ____________

7. Positive acceleration (speeding up) then steady speed (velocity)? ____________

8. Positive acceleration (speeding up) then negative acceleration (slowing down)? ____________

9. Stopped for a while, then fast speed? ____________10. Fast speed then stopped for awhile? ____________

Distance-Time Motion GraphsExamine the graphs below of runner X and Y. Which graph(s) (A.-F.) show(s) that:

1. One of the runners started 10 yards further ahead of the other? ________________2. One of the runners started 20 yards further ahead of the other? ________________3. Both of the runners started at the same position? ________________4. Both runners are moving at the same speed? ________________5. One of the runners finished 10 yards further ahead of the other? ________________6. One of the runners passed the other runner? ________________7. Label the line for each runner with the runner’s average speed.

A B C

D E F

XX

X

X X

X

YY

Y

Y Y

Y

The distance-time graphs below represent the motion of a car. Write the descriptions below the graphs. The car is stopped. The car is traveling at a constant speed.

The speed of the car is decreasing. The car is coming back.

8. 9. (2 answers!) 10. 11.

The graph to the right shows how three runners ran a 100-meter race. Explain your answers.

12. Which runner won the race?

13. Which runner stopped for a rest?

14. How long was the stop?

15. How long did Bob take to complete the race?

16. Calculate Albert’s average speed. (Figure the distance and the time first!)

Speed-Time Motion GraphsThe speed-time graphs below represent the motion of a car. Write the descriptions below the graphs.

The car is stopped. The car is traveling at a constant speed.

The car is positively accelerating (speeding up). The car is negatively accelerating (slowing down).

17. 18. 19. 20.

The graph below shows how the speed of a bus changes during part of a journey.

Choose the correct words from the following list to describe the motion during each segment of the journey to fill in the blanks: accelerating,

decelerating, constant speed, at rest21. Segment 0àA The bus is ________________.

Its speed changes from 0 to 10 m/s in 5 sec.22. Segment AàB The bus is moving at a

______________________of 10 m/s for 5 sec.23. Segment BàC The bus is _______________. It is

slowing down from 10 m/s to rest in 3 sec.24. Segment CàD The bus is ________________. It

has stopped.25. Segment DàE The bus is _________________.

It is gradually increasing in speed.

Gravity Read “Mass and Weight” pg. 24 of ‘Thrill Ride’ book

1. What is the difference between mass and weight? Mass (def.) – Weight (def.) –

2. How does the weight of an object change?

3. Does the mass of an object ever change? Why?

4. When is the gravitational pull the greatest on an object on Earth?

4.5 TSW DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING FORCE: ____________________ Gravity (def.) –

An object’s change in speed is caused by ______________ pull The acceleration due to gravity is ______________ Speed is ___________ while the object is ___________, __________ when it's __________ G-Force (def.) –

o Positive Gs (def.) – __________________________________Location: __________________o Negative Gs (def.) –__________________________________Location: __________________o Lateral Gs (def.) –__________________________________Location: __________________o Linear Gs (def.)- __________________________________Location: __________________

P8B3 TSW KNOW EVERY OBJECT EXERTS _____________________ ____________ ON EVERY OTHER __________, AND THE ___________________ OF THIS FORCE DEPENDS ON THE __________ OF THE OBJECTS AND THEIR _________________ FROM ONE ANOTHER.

4.2 - TSW DESCRIBE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN _________ AND _________________. ______________ *______________ = ______________ ________________________ will attract each other with a ___________ gravitational force.

An astronaut has a mass of 50 kg on Earth. When he flies to the moon what is his mass? Compare his weight on the moon to his weight on Earth. Explain your answer.

A ball with a mass of 3 kg sits next to a ball with a mass of 10 kg. Which ball would have a greater gravitational pull? Why?

4.9 TSW DESCRIBE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN _______________ AND ____________. __________________________________ = _______________ gravitational forces.

In general, the planets always orbit the same distance from the sun, and from each other. Compare the gravitational attraction between Earth and Pluto to that between Earth and Mars. Explain your answer.

Hiker A hikes to the top of Mt. Everest. Hiker B hikes to the bottom of the Grand Canyon. Which man would experience a greater gravitational pull? Why?

4.10 TSW EXPLAIN THAT EVERY ___________ EXERTS _____________________ FORCE ON ______________ OTHER ________________.Which pair of objects has the greatest gravitational force

between them?

Two identical books are on opposite ends of a table. Which of

these would increase the gravitational force exerted between the two books?

Which of these will reduce the gravitational force between the

two objects the most?

If two objects are two meters apart, which of these changes will

increase the gravitational force between the two objects?

Friction 4.5 - TSW DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING FORCE: ___________________

Friction (def.) –

acts in a direction __________________ of an object’s motion causes objects to ___________ to a _____________ What would happen without friction?

Sliding Friction (def.) -

Example:

Rolling Friction (def.) –

Example:

Fluid Friction (def.) -

Example:

Kinetic Friction (def.) -

Example:

Static Friction (def.) -

Example:

Air Resistance (def.) –

A coin and a feather are dropped at the same time in a vacuum. Which will hit the ground first?

Free fall (def.) - when the only force acting on an object is _____________.

o The object ___________________ as it ___________.o ALL objects in free fall accelerate at the SAME rate: ______________,

regardless of ___________ or _____________ _________—but you have to consider air resistance

Terminal velocity (def.) - _____________ (_____________)_____________ a _____________ object reaches; no longer ___________

o Happens when air resistance _____________ the force of _____________.o Air resistance _____________ as _____________ _____________.

Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

P8B1 - TSW KNOW THE EFFECTS OF ______________ AND ___________________ FORCES ON AN OBJECT’S ______________.

Force (def.) - Unit:

May change the _____________ of an _____________ Forces can be represented by _____________ The _____________ of the arrow represents the magnitude (_____________) and the

point shows its _____________ Newton (def.) -

1 N = the force required to accelerate _____________of mass at _____________, per second (m/s²)

Net force (def.) - forces in the _____________ direction combine by _____________ forces in _____________ directions combine by _____________

Balanced forces (def.) -

Unbalanced forces (def.) -

True or False? True / False. More than one force can act on an object at once. True / False. Forces that act in opposite directions combine together. True / False. To find the net (total) force on an object you add all the forces on an object together.

4.7 - TSW IDENTIFY THE FORCE(S) ACTING ON MOVING AND STATIONARY OBJECTS.1. Draw a diagram!!2. Are these forces balanced or unbalanced?3. Would these forces cause the object to move? If so, in which direction? How can you tell?4. What is the net force?

One person pushes a book with a force of 20 N left. The other person pushes the book with a force of 18 N right.

Two people push on the book, one left, the other right, with the same strength (20N).

Two people push a book in the same direction. One person pushes to the right with a force of 8 N; the other person pushes to the right with a force of 6 N.

Force (Free-body) Diagrams

4.8- TSW DETERMINE THE _____ ___________ ON AN OBJECT GIVEN A ____________. Free-body diagrams (def.) –

The object is normally drawn as a _____________, with the forces all pointing _____________ from the _____________.

F frict (def.) – __________________________ the force exerted by a __________ as an object _________ across it or makes an _________ to

move across it; two types: ___________ (sliding, rolling, fluid) and ___________ friction

F grav (def.) – __________________________ Directed "_____________ " towards the _____________ of the _____________.

F app (def.) – __________________________ Force which is _____________ to an object by a _____________ or another _____________.

F norm (def.) – __________________________ “__________ force” - exerted upon an object which is in contact with a ____________ object.

F net (def.) –__________________________ _____ of _____ the forces acting on an object; in the __________ the object ____________ When net force = ______, there is no _____________ /no change in _____________

Fair (def.) – __________________________ ____________ Friction- This force will frequently be ____________ due to its ____________ size;

It is most noticeable for objects which travel at _______ ____________ Drawing Force DiagramsVase Egg Squirrel

Car Skydive Sled

Book Book Ball

Momentum

Forms of Energy

Momentum Formula – Units:

All objects in ____________ have momentum The more ____________ an object has, __________________________________________

Can a small mass produce a large momentum? Example?

Law of Conservation of Momentum (def.) –

Circular Motion Centripetal Force (def.) –

Centrifugal Force (def.) –

How does this relate to Newton’s 3rd Law?

Draw and Label Diagram: àREVIEW OF NEWTON’S LAWS, FORCES, AND MOTION

1. True / False. When the net force is zero, the forces on an object are balanced.2. True / False. When forces are not balanced, an object may keep moving forever, or could stop.3. True / False. According to Newton’s First Law of Motion, it is true that an object at rest will stay at

rest until an unbalanced net force acts upon it.4. True / False. According to Newton’s First Law of Motion, it is true that an object moving at a constant

speed in a straight path will continue to do so until an unbalanced net force acts upon it.5. True / False. Friction brings many moving objects to a stop.6. True / False. Friction will never speed up an object.7. True / False. If you slide a bag of groceries along a countertop, you must first overcome rolling

friction.8. True / False. Walking would be impossible without friction.9. True / False. The normal force is always opposite in direction to weight.10. True / False. Air resistance slows the motion of moving objects.11. True / False. The faster you go, the stronger is the force of air resistance.12. True / False. Friction can be reduced but never eliminated.

7.1- TSW USE AN OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF _________________. 7.2- TSW DEMONSTRATE THAT ___________CAN BE ______________OR ____________.

Energy (def.)- Unit : ________________

Kinetic Energy (def.)-

Formula :

Potential Energy (def.)-

Formula :

Elastic Potential Energy (def.)-

Gravitational Potential Energy (def.)-

Mechanical Energy (def.)-

Formula :

A roller coaster is simply a closed system in which there is a constant ______________ of _____________ energy and ______________ energy.

Law of Conservation of Energy (def.)-

“Indestructible Energy” (Thrill Ride!! pg 17)1. Define: Law of the Conservation of

Energy.

2. Compare the amount of energy at the end of an event to the amount at the beginning.

3. If you were building a roller coaster, which hill would you make the largest? Why?

4. What would happen if you made the second hill taller than the first hill?

5. What are the two new forms of energy we see here?

6. What causes the warming of the track?

7. So, did we destroy the energy? What happened?

8. What vehicle has a lot of friction with the air?

9. What vehicle does not have a lot of friction with the air (air resistance)? (probably your dream car!)

10. In three words, what is kinetic energy?

11.In two words, what is potential energy?

Energy Basics

When you hear the word energy, you may thing of pep or alertness. Scientists, however, define this term differently. In science, energy is the ability to do work. Work is the result of a force moving an object from one place to another.

There are two kinds of energy: kinetic energy and potential energy. Kinetic energy is energy that makes something move. This is the energy of motion. Potential energy, on the other hand, is energy that could cause something to move but doesn’t. This is stored energy. A skier perched at the top of a snowy hill and a hockey star winding up for the winning slap shot both have potential energy. There are also two types of potential energy: gravitational and elastic. Objects that store energy due to their height possess gravitational potential energy. Objects that store energy due to being stretched or compressed, store elastic potential energy. When potential energy is released it becomes kinetic energy.

Write K for kinetic energy, GP for gravitational potential energy, and EP for elastic potential energy to indicate what type of energy each phrase describes.

1. _____ Energy at rest2. _____ The release of stored energy3. _____ Energy of motion4. _____ The Hoover Dam holding back the Colorado River’s water5. _____ A mousetrap set and ready to spring6. _____ A basketball flying towards the basket7. _____ A sled released at the top of a snowy hill8. _____ Ice cream falling out of a cone while a boy is running9. _____ Rollercoaster at the top of a hill before it starts to go down10._____ Man about to swing a sledgehammer11._____ Cupid pulling a bow back, about to release an arrow12._____ Hot air balloon tied to the ground, ready to be released into the sky13._____ Baseball flying in the air towards the target on a dunk tank

Inspired by…© 2002 McDONALD PUBLISHING CO.

What is Energy?In the following examples, indicate whether kinetic or gravitational potential energy or elastic potential energy is being displayed.

1. ___________________________ A book sits on the edge of a desk. 2. __________________________ A soccer ball is kicked downfield by several soccer players. 3. __________________________ A pendulum swings down and through its range of motion. 4. _________________________ A pendulum is held motionless at the top of its range of movement. 5. __________________________ A spring is compressed and held in place. 6. __________________________ A paper clip moves toward a magnet. 7. __________________________ You hold a ball up as you prepare to bounce it on the floor.

After studying the illustration of the child getting ready to slide down the slide, answer the following questions about kinetic and gravitational potential energy.

8. At what point(s) is kinetic energy the:o Highest? _________________o Lowest? _________________

9. At what point(s) is gravitational potential energy the:o Highest? _________________o Lowest? _________________

10. Calculate the GPE for the child waiting at the top of the slide to go down. Use the formula GPE = mgh to calculate the answer. Show your work. (g = acceleration due to gravity and equals 9.8 m/s2)

11. What factors could influence the amount of kinetic energy possible when the child is sliding down the

slide? __________________________________________________________________________________

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12. Describe another example of an activity that demonstrates both gravitational potential energy and

kinetic energy in its range of movement.

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