m~Pbv

gnvb gvK©m I G‡½jm ‡h ẁ kv gvbe RvwZ‡Kẁ ‡q‡Qb Zv n‡”Q KwgDwbR‡gi ẁ kv|gvK©mev‡`i g‡a¨ g~Z© GB gZev`‡K gnvgwZ†jwbb e‡jb me©kw³gvb, KviY Zv mZ¨|AvR‡Ki †h ‡kvlYg~jK mgv‡R Avgiv evmKiwQ Zv GKmgq Aw̄ —Z¡gvb wQjbv| Avẁ gmvg¨ev`x mgv‡R †Kvb †kvlY wQjbv| bvixcyi“l wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡jB wQj mgvb| ‡hŠ_fv‡emevB KvR Ki‡Zv Avi Kv‡Ri dj mgfv‡e Zvmevi g‡a¨ ew›UZ n‡Zv| cieZ©x‡Z hLbgywó‡gq wKQy †jvK hviv wQj †MvÎcwZ, wewfbœmy‡hvM Kv‡R jvwM‡q cÖwZcwË I m¤ú‡`igvwjKvbv AR©b K‡i e¨vcK AwaKvsk gvbyl‡K`vm evwb‡q †djj ZLb †_‡KB †kªYx mgv‡RiD™¢e NU‡jv| †kvl‡Yi G aviv eRvq _v‡K `vmmgvR, mvgš— mgvR I eZ©gvb cuywRev`x —̄‡i|

Kvj© gvK©m I †d«WvwiK G‡½jm me©cÖ_g †`Lvb†h mgv‡Ri †kvwlZ †kªYx me©nviv †kªbx GBcuywRev`x mgvR‡K †f‡O †dj‡e Avi M‡oZzj‡e mgvRZvwš¿K I mvg¨ev`x mgvR| gnvb†jwb‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ ivwkqvq cuywRev`x mgvR‡KDrLv‡Zi gva¨‡g M‡o I‡V cÖ_g mgvRZvwš¿KmgvR| —̄vwj‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ G mgvR msMÖvg K‡iwU‡K _v‡K| gvI‡qi †bZ…‡Z¡ Px‡b mvgš—ev`,AvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev` I mvgªvR¨ev`‡KDrLv‡Zi gva¨‡g bqvMYZš¿-mgvRZš¿-mvg¨ev‡`i aviv m~wPZ nq|GB gnvb Av`wk©K msMÖvg ïi“ n‡q n‡qwQj1848 mv‡j Kvj© gvK©m I †d«WvwiK G‡½jmÔ ỳwbqvi gR ỳi GK nI!Õ †NvlYv Kivi mv‡_mv‡_, Zvici gvbe RvwZ cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡QAcwi‡gq AvZ¥`vb I gnvb msMÖvgmg~n| 1871mv‡j c¨vix KwgDb, 1917 mv‡j i“k wece,1949 mv‡j Pxb wece Avi 1966-1976

mv‡ji gnvb me©nviv mvs¯‹…wZK wece wQjme©nviv †bZ…‡Z¡ GB j‡¶¨ gnvb me wec-emg~n| Zvici †ci“, †bcvj, evsjv‡`k,fviZ, wdwjcvBb, Zzi¯‹mn mviv ỳwbqvqMYhy‡×i bZzbme DÌvbmg~n AvR‡K wek¦‡Kc_ †`Lv‡”Q †mB j‡¶¨i ẁ ‡K| KwgDwbR‡gigZev` gvK©m-G‡½jm KZ©„K gvK©mev‡`.†jwbb- —̄vwjb KZ©„K †jwbbev‡` Avi gvI-Pvi“gRyg`vi-wmivR wmK`vi-Mbmv‡jv-BeªvnxgKvcv°vqv cÖgyL KZ…©K gvIev‡` iƒc wb‡q‡Q|AvR‡K GB gZev` Ae¨vnZfv‡eB weKwkZn‡q P‡j‡Q|AvR‡Ki evsjv‡`k bvgK f~LÊwU cÖvPxb Kv‡jwQj GK mg„×kvjx ‡`k| GLv‡b wQjRbRvwZmg~‡ni evm hviv Avgv‡`i †`‡kievOvjx I Acivci ¶z ª̀ RvwZmg~‡ni c~e©c~i“l|GLv‡b cÖvPxb Kv‡jB bMiiv‡óªi D™¢e N‡UwQjaviYv Kiv hvq| we‡`kx ivRkw³mg~n G‡Ki

†K›̀ ªxq KwgwUKwgDwb÷ cvwU©

gvK©mev`x-‡jwbbev`x-gvIev`xevsjv‡`k

KZ©„K 1†g 2012 cÖKvwkZ|

‡NvlYv I Kg©m~wP2

ci GK G‡`k‡K `Lj K‡i‡Q, G‡`‡ki m¤ú`jyÚb K‡i‡Q KLbI wn›̀ y KL‡bv †eŠ× KL‡bvBmjv‡gi bv‡g| GLv‡b RvZ cvZ,mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvmn wewfbœ iƒ‡ci †kvl‡YiKvVv‡gv ˆZwi K‡i‡Q fywg`vm‡Z¡i wfwˇZ|RbMY Dci †_‡K Av‡ivwcZ ag©xq wbcxo‡Yi†gvo‡K Avmv ˆelg¨ Ab¨vq AZ¨vPvi †_‡KeuvP‡Z evisevi ag© cwieZ©b K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ GwbcxoY DˇivËi e„w× †c‡q‡Q| wn›̀ y, ‡eŠ× Igymwjg ivR ivRiviv G‡`‡k G‡m G‡`kxq bvgavib K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ cieZ©x‡Z AvVv‡iv kZ‡K †hBs‡iRiv G‡`‡k Dcwb‡ek Kv‡qg K‡i ZvivG‡`kxq n‡Z Av‡mwb| ag©I Zv‡`i Kv‡Q wQjKg ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| KviY Giv cuywRev‡`i cÖwZwbwa|Zviv G‡`‡ki mg —̄ m¤ú` jyÚb K‡i‡Q,G‡`‡ki mg„× wkí aŸsm K‡i‡Q, G‡`‡kiKuvPvgvj †_‡K Bsj¨v‡Û wkí M‡o Zz‡j‡Q|Zviv G‡`‡ki K…wl Drcv` jyÚb K‡i ỳwU gnvỳwf©¶ m„wó K‡i evOvjx RvwZ‡K c„w_ex †_‡Kgy‡Q †dj‡Z †P‡q‡Q| G‡`‡ki K…lKivweivUvKv‡i we‡ ª̀v‡n †du‡U c‡o‡Qb| dwKi-mb¨vmx we‡ ª̀vn, muvIZvj we‡ ª̀vn, wmcvnxwe‡ ª̀vn, ‡ZfvMvmn ARmª we‡ ª̀v‡n K…lKivBs‡iR‡`i wei“‡× mk ¿̄ msMÖvg Pvwj‡q‡Qb|i“k wec‡ei ci fvi‡Z KwgDwb÷ cvwU© M‡oI‡V, wKš‘ GB cvwU© K…lK‡`i‡K weªwUkDcwb‡ekev` I Zv‡`i wfwË mvgš—ev‡`iwei“‡× mk ¿̄ msMÖv‡g PvwjZ K‡ibv, Zv‡`imk ¿̄ msMÖvg‡K †bZ…Z¡ ẁ ‡Z A¯̂xK…wZ Rvbvq|Dciš‘ wØZxq gnvhy‡×i mgq d¨vwmev` msµvš—Kwg›Uv‡b©i hy³d«‡›Ui jvB‡bi bv‡g weªwU‡kimv‡_ H‡K¨i c‡_ fviZevmx‡K PvwjZ Kivi†Póv K‡i, d‡j mv¤cÖ`vwqK †kªYx؛؇K ‰ewi؇›Ø cwiYZ K‡i fvi‡Zi wn›̀ y I gymwjgey‡R©vqv I mvgš—‡`i cÖwZwbwa Ks‡MÖm I gymwjgjxM fviZ I cvwK —̄vb bv‡g ỳwU Avav-Dcwb‡ewkK Avav-mvgš—ev`x iv‡óªi Rb¥ †`q|c~e©evsjvi msL¨vMwió K…lK RbMY gymwjgag©vej¤̂x wn‡m‡e wn›̀ y Rwg`vi‡`i KZ©„Kmv¤cÖ`vwqK †kvlY I wbcxo‡Yi wkKvi wQj,ZvB wec‡ei gva¨‡g mgvavb bv nIqvqc~e©evsjvi gymwjg K…lKiv cvwK —̄v‡bi c‡¶†fvU †`q| cvwK —̄v‡bi D™¢‡ei ci †_‡KBAbMÖmi c~e©evsjv A‡c¶vK…Z AMÖmi cwðgcvwK —̄v‡bi Dcwb‡e‡k cwiYZ nq| c~e©evsjv†_‡K wn›̀ y Rwg`viiv P‡j †M‡j †mme RwgGLvbKvi gymwjg abx‡`i n —̄MZ nq| f~wgmgm¨v †_‡K hvq AmgvwaZ| cvwK —̄v‡bi

Jcwb‡ewkK kvm‡bi wei“‡× c~e©evsjvi RbMY†R‡M I‡Vb 1952i fvlv Av‡›̀ vjb, 69-GiMY Av‡›̀ vjb †_‡K 71-Gi RvZxq gyw³hy×ch©š—| c~e© cvwK —̄v‡bi KwgDwb÷ cvwU©RbM‡Yi msMÖvgmg~n‡K mwVK jvB‡b †bZ…Z¡ẁ ‡Z e¨_© nq| Avš—R©vwZK †¶‡Î µzðfxqms‡kvabev` Avwef©~Z n‡j D³ cvwU©ms‡kvabev`x cvwU©‡Z cwiYZ nq| Gi wei“‡×†Pqvig¨v‡bi gvI‡qi †bZ…‡Z¡ Avš—R©vwZKmsMÖvg m~wPZ n‡j H cvwU© g‡¯‹vcš’x IwcwKscš’x GB ỳB avivq wef³ nq| wcwKscš’xavivwU ms‡kvabev` †_‡K gy³ n‡Z cv‡ibv|ms‡kvabev‡`i GB †kKj‡K †f‡O †d‡jbKg‡iW wmivR wmK`vi|wmivR wmK`vi n‡”Qb evsjv‡`‡ki gnvbZgmš—vb whwb GLv‡b me©nviv †kªYx‡K gvK©mev`-‡jwbbev‡`i weKvk wn‡m‡e gvI wPš—vaviv‡Knv‡Z Zz‡j wb‡Z †bZ…Z¡ ẁ ‡q‡Qb| ‡mB wfwˇZwZwb mwVKfv‡e c~e©evsjvi mgvR‡KJcwb‡ewkK-Avav mvgš—ev`x wn‡m‡e we‡klYK‡ib Ges me©nviv †kªYx‡K †bZ…Z¡ †`b ZuviwbR cvwU© M‡o Zzj‡Z, BwZnv‡m cÖ_gev‡iig‡Zv Zuvi evwnbx M‡o ‡Zvjvq, K…lK, ga¨weˆkªYx I RvZxq ey‡R©vqv‡kªYx‡K mgv‡ewkZ Kivigva¨‡g hy&³d«›U MV‡b, NuvwU AÂjmg~n M‡o†Zvjvq| wZwb me©nviv †kªYx‡K RvZxq I †kªYxigyw³i jovB‡q †bZ…Z¡ ‡`b| mfvcwZ wmivRwmK`vi G‡`‡k MYhy× mywPZ Ki‡Z m¶gn‡qwQ‡jb| 1971-G evOvjx DVwZAvgjvZvwš¿K ey‡R©vqv I mvgš—‡`i `j AvIqvgxjx‡Mi mn‡hvwMZvq fviZxq evwnbx cvwK —̄vb‡KnwU‡q c~e©evsjv `Lj Ki‡Z m¶g nq|gvwK©‡bi †bZ…Z¡vaxb mvgªvR¨ev‡`i g``cÖvßcvwK —̄v‡bi cwie‡Z© fvi‡Zi Jcwb‡ewkK‡kvl‡Yi Avwef©ve N‡U hvi †cQ‡b wQj†mvwf‡qZ mvgvwRK mvgªvR¨ev`| 1975-GgvwK©‡bi `vjvj AvgjvZvwš¿K ey‡R©vqv‡`i†bZ…‡Z¡ mvgwiK Afÿ Ìv‡b fvi‡Zi `vjvj †kLgywR‡ei miKv‡ii cZb N‡U| Zvici wRqvimvgwiK Avgjv‡`i kvmb Ges Av‡iKwUAvgjvZvwš¿K ey‡R©vqv `j weGbwc MwVZ nq|Giv Z_vKw_Z wbe©vwPZ miKvi Kv‡qg K‡i|82-‡Z Gikv‡`i †bZ…‡Z¡ mvgwiK evwnbxinv‡Z weGbwci miKv‡ii cZb N‡U| ZviciAvU eQi Gikv‡`i ‡bZ…‡Z¡ mvgwiK kvmbP‡j| 90-G ga¨weË MYAv‡›̀ vj‡b Gikv‡`icZb n‡j cybivq †emvgwiK ey‡R©vqv‡`iZ_vKw_Z MYZvwš¿K miKvi cÖwZôv nq|

Lv‡j`vi †bZ…‡Z¡ ỳBevi Ges nvwmbvi †bZ…‡Z¡ỳB `dvi miKv‡ii g‡a¨ GKevi ZË¡veavqKmvgwiK miKvi 2007-8-G ỳB eQ‡ii g‡Zv¶gZvmxb wQj| 1975-G wmivR wmK`viknx` nIqvi ci cvwU© GK ¸i“Zi msK‡UcwZZ nq| Zvici cvwU©i gvIcš’x As‡ki‡bZ…Z¡ †`b Av‡bvqvi Kexi| †nvRvcš’xwRqvDwχbi µwgK AatcZb I we‡jvc N‡U|Avwki `k‡K Av‡bvqvi Kex‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ †hmk ¿̄ msMÖvg M‡o I‡V Zv‡K MYhy× ejvhvqbv| GUv wQj GK mgš̂qev`| GKẁ ‡KmfvcwZ wmivR wmK`vi jvBb Aciẁ ‡K ZviwbR jvB‡bi g‡a¨ wZwb GK mgš̂q NUvb| GBmgš̂qev‡`i dj wn‡m‡e 3q Ks‡MÖ‡m Av‡bvqviKexi I Zvi m½x‡`i †bZ…‡Z¡ mfvcwZ wmivRwmK`v‡ii jvBb‡K eR©‡bi gva¨‡g cvwU©aŸs‡mi jvBb cvk nq| beŸB `k‡K wmivRwmK`v‡ii Mov c~evmcv g~jZt aŸsm n‡q‡Q|2004 mv‡j c~evmcvi wKQy bexb Kg©x‡`iwb‡q gvIev`x GKZv MÖ“c MwVZ nq hv wQjcvwU© I G‡`‡ki KwgDwb÷ Av‡›̀ vj‡bicybM©V‡b GK AwZ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© D‡`¨vM| wKš‘BwZg‡a¨B cvwU© aŸsmcÖvß n‡q‡Q `xN© K‡qKhy‡Mi ms¯‹viev`x I ms‡kvabev`x jvBbAbykxj‡bi djkÖ“wZ‡Z| ms‡kvabev`x †bZvivmfvcwZ wmivR wmK`vi I c~evmcv‡K cwiYZK‡i‡Q GK BwZnv‡mi wel‡q| Av‡bvqviKex‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ GK wfbœ c~evmcv--hvi g‡a¨†jkgvÎI wmivR wmK`v‡ii gZv`k© †bB eisGK ms‡kvabev`x gZv`k©| myZivs GBms‡kvabev`x gZv`k©B AbykxwjZ n‡q‡Q †MvUvbeŸB `kK I GKzk kZ‡Ki ïi“‡Z| myZivsGgBDwRi c‡¶ c~evmcvi H AskwUi cybM©VbKiv m¤¢e nqwb| gvIev`x GKZv MÖ“cgZv`wk©K †¶‡Î KvR K‡i‡Q, ev —̄e Abykxj‡b†hme KvR K‡i‡Q Zv Avgv‡`i †`‡k GK bqvgv‡jgv KwgDwb÷ cvwU© Movi cÖ ‘̄wZ‡Z Ae`vb†i‡L‡Q| AvR‡K GUv cwi®‹vi †h bZzb cvwU©M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e hv gv‡jgvi m„Rbkxj weKv‡kiDci ùvwo‡q GKzk kZ‡Ki ev —̄eZv‡K aviYKi‡e| †mUv AwZ Aek¨B n‡e mfvcwZ wmivRwmK`vi I Zuvi †bZ…Z¡vaxb c~evmcvi GKavivevwnKZv, wKš‘ ga¨eZ©x mgqKv‡ji åvš—avivevwnKZv‡K Zv Aek¨B eR©b Ki‡e|AvR‡K bZzbfv‡e mewKQy M‡o †Zvjvi mgq,Aek¨B GK bZzb wfwˇZ|

KwgDwb÷ cvwU© gvK©mev`x-†jwbbev`x-gvIev`x evsjv‡`kGi 3

gZv`k©

Avgv‡`i gZev` gvK©mev`-‡jwbbev`-gvIev`|GUv n‡”Q me©nviv‡kªYxi Avš—R©vwZK gZev`|Gi weKv‡ki Øvw›ØK cÖwµqvi i‡q‡Q wZbwU—̄i|

gvK©mev`Kvj© gvK©m Zuvi Nwbô Kg‡iW G‡½j‡mimn‡hvwMZvq G gZev` weKwkZ K‡ib| gvK©m†h `k©b weKwkZ K‡i †Zv‡jb Zv n‡”Q Øvw›ØKe ‘̄ev`| GB Øvw›ØK e ‘̄ev`B n‡”Q cÖK…wZ,mgvR I gvbe wPš—vavivi weKv‡ki wbqg| GBwbqg Abyhvqx wek¦RM‡Zi cÖwZwU wRwb‡mig‡a¨B i‡q‡Q wecixZ ẁ Kmg~‡ni g‡a¨ msMÖvgI HK¨ | GB msMÖvg ’̄vqx wKš‘ HK¨ n‡”QA ’̄vqx| GB msMÖv‡gi Kvi‡YB cyivZ‡biwe‡jvc N‡U I bZz‡bi Avwefv©e N‡U| gvK©mGK ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZ weKwkZ K‡ib hvD ÑvwUZ K‡i †`q †kªYx‡kvlY| DØ„Ë gyj¨Z‡Ë¡i gva¨‡g gvK©m †`Lvb †h gvby‡li kªgkw³†h evowZ g~j¨ Drcv`b K‡i Zv †kvlY K‡iKxfv‡e cuywR ùxZ nq| cuywRev`x mgv‡RiAš—©wbwnZ Ø›Ø Zuviv Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| wZwb IG‡½jm cÖ_g KwgDwb÷ Avš—R©vwZK MVYK‡ib Ges KwgDwb÷ Bk‡Znv‡ii gva¨‡g†NvlYv K‡ibÑÑÑmviv ỳwbqvi me©nviv GK nI!1871-G c¨vwi KwgD‡b me©nviv †kªbx me©cÖ_g¶gZv `Lj Ki‡j Zuviv Zvi AwfÁZvimvimsKjb K‡ib| gvK©m I G‡½jm me©nviv†kªYx‡K Zuvi HwZnvwmK KZ©‡e¨i Dcjwä Øvivmw¾Z K‡ibÑÑAvi Zv n‡”Q wec‡ei ØvivivR‰bwZK ¶gZv `Lj Ges GB ¶gZv‡KA_©vr me©nviv †kªYxi GKbvqKZ¡‡K e¨enviKiv| gvK©m me©nviv Av‡›̀ vj‡bi ga¨Kvimyweavev`x‡`i wei“‡× †NviZi msMÖvg cwiPvjbvK‡ib hviv gRywi `vm‡Z¡i D‡”Q‡`i cwie‡Z©Gi Ae ’̄vi wKQy Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g G‡K wUwK‡qivL‡Z †P‡qwQj| gvK©‡mi Ae ’̄vb, „̀wóf½x Ic×wZ‡K ejv nq gvK©mev`, Avi GUv n‡”Qme©nvivi gZv`‡k©i weKv‡k cÖ_g gvBjdjK|‡jwbbev`ivwkqvq wec‡ei cÖwµqvq Ges Avš—R©vwZK†¶‡Î ms‡kvabev` we‡ivax msMÖv‡gi cÖwµqvq†jwbb gvK©mev`‡K m¤ú~b© GK bZzb —̄‡i DbœxZK‡ib Zv n‡”Q gvK©mev`-‡jwbbev`| ‡jwbb†`Lvb †h cuywRev` mvgªvR¨ev‡`i —̄‡i DbœxZn‡q‡Q †hLv‡b wkí cuywR I ewbK cuywRi wgj‡bi

d‡j jwMœ cuywRi D™¢e N‡U‡Q Ges cuywR ißvbxBGB ch©v‡qi cÖavb aviv| mvgªvR¨ev` n‡”QGK‡PwUqv cuywRev` Avi GUv n‡”Q cuywRev‡`im‡e©v”P I P~ovš— ch©vq| GK‡PwUqv cuywRcwZ‡`i†Mvwô¸wj wek¦‡K wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ fvM ev‡UvqvivK‡i ‡bIqvi msMÖv‡g wjß Avi GB e›Ub Icybe©›U‡bi msNv‡Z ch©vqµ‡g mvgªvR¨ev`xhy‡×i Avwef©ve N‡U| †jwbb †`Lvb †h eZ©gvbhyM n‡”Q mvgªvR¨ev` I me©nviv wec‡ei hyM|†MvUv wek¦ GKẁ ‡K mvgªvR¨ev` Aciẁ ‡KwbcxwoZ RvwZmg~‡ni gv‡S wef³ n‡q †M‡Q|G †_‡KB wZwb me©nviv wec‡ei iYbxwZ IRvZxq gyw³ msMÖv‡gi iYbxwZi mw¤§j‡bi aviYvZz‡j a‡ib| †jwbb me©nviv †kªYxi GK bZzbai‡Yi cvwU©i aviYv Zz‡j a‡ib hv n‡”Q wecexRbM‡Yi ¶gZv `L‡j †bZ…Z¡ †`Iqvi GKAcwinvh© nvwZqvi| BwZnv‡m cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zvivwkqvq me©nviv †kªYxi weRqx ¶gZv `L‡j IGi wecex GKbvqK‡Z¡i mymsnZKi‡Y †bZ…Z¡†`Iqvi cÖwµqvq †jwbb me©nviv wec‡ei ZË¡ IAbykxjb‡K GK bZzb —̄‡i DbœxZ K‡ib|†jwbb wØZxq Avš—R©vwZ‡Ki myweavev`x‡`iwei“‡× Rxeb giY msMÖvg cwiPvjbv K‡ib hvivme©nviv wec‡ei mv‡_ wek¦vmNvZKZv K‡iwQjAvi cÖ_g wek¦hy‡× kªwgK †kªYx‡K bwmnZK‡iwQj wbR mvgªvR¨ev`x cÖfyi ¯̂v‡_©i c‡¶ùvov‡Z| A‡±vei wec‡ei weRq Ges †jwb‡bims‡kvabev` we‡ivax msMÖvg KwgDwb÷Av‡›̀ vjb‡K mviv ỳwbqvq Qwo‡q †`q, mvivỳwbqvi wbcxwoZ‡`i Av‡›̀ vjb‡K HK¨e× K‡iGes Gfv‡e Z…wZq Avš—R©vwZK A_©vr Kwg›UvY©MwVZ nq| men©viv gZv`‡k© ‡jwb‡bi K…Zmvwe©K I mvgwMÖK weKvk me©nviv gZv`‡k©iweKv‡k wØZxq gnvb gvBjdjK‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡K‡i| ‡jwb‡bi g„Zz¨i ci —̄vwjb Avf¨š—ixYkΓ‡`i nvZ †_‡K Ges wØZxq gnvhy‡×imgqKvi d¨vwmev`x nvbv`vi‡`i nvZ †_‡Kme©nviv GKbvqKZ¡‡K i¶v K‡ib GesmgvRZwš¿K gZv`k©, MVbKvh© I iƒcvš—i‡KGwM‡q †bb| me©nviv gZv`‡k©i weKv‡k wØZxqgnvb gvBjdjK wn‡m‡e †jwbbev`‡K cÖwZôvKi‡Z —̄vwjb msMÖvg Pvjvb| †jwbbev‡`im~ÎvqY —̄vwjbB K‡iwQ‡jb|gvIev`eû hy‡Mi Pxbv MYZvwš¿K I RvZxq wece,ms‡kvabev‡`i wei“‡× Avš—R©vwZK msMÖvg Gesme©nviv mvs¯‹…wZK wec‡ei cÖwµqvq gvI‡mZzOgvK©mev`-‡jwbbev`‡K GK m¤ú~Y© bZzb —̄‡i

DbœxZ K‡ib Zv n‡”Q gvIev‡`i —̄i| gvI†`wL‡q‡Qb †h Ø›Øev‡`i GKgvÎ †gŠwjK m~În‡jv wecix‡Zi GK‡Z¡i wbqg| cwigv‡Yi ¸‡Yiƒcvš—i‡K wZwb GB wecix‡Zi GK‡Z¡i m~ÎØviv e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| Avi e‡j‡Qb †bwZKi‡Yi†bwZKiY wbqg wn‡m‡e weivR K‡ibv| hvi‡q‡Q Zv n‡”Q BwZKiY I †bwZKi‡Yiwecix‡Zi GKZ¡| weKv‡ki GZKvj a‡i P‡jAvmv Îqx gZev`‡K wZwb evwZj K‡i‡Qb hvwZbwU m~·K mgvb ¸i“‡Z¡ cvkvcvwk Dc ’̄vcbK‡i, Avi cÖwZôv K‡i‡Qb A‰ØZev`| myZivsKg‡iW gvIB gvK©mxq Ø›Øev`‡K cyY©v½ wfwˇZùvo Kwi‡q‡Qb| wZwb eûgvwÎKfv‡e Ø›Øev`‡Kmg„× K‡i‡Qb|wZwb G‡½j‡mi ¯̂vaxbZvi m~ÎvqY ms‡kvabK‡i †`wL‡q‡Qb ¯̂vaxbZv †Kej cÖ‡qvR‡biDcjwä bq Zvi iƒcvš—iI| Áv‡bi Z‡Ë¡ wZwbweKwkZ K‡ib Mfxi Øvw›ØK Dcjwä hvi †K›̀ ªn‡PQ Gi wbqg iPwqZv ỳwU Djçb (AbykxjY†_‡K Ávb, Avi Zvi wecixZ, wKš‘y Ávb †_‡KAbykxjb n‡PQ cÖavb)| wZwb ؇›Øi wbqg‡KcvwÛZ¨c~Y©fv‡e ivRbxwZ‡Z cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡QbGes AwaKš‘ e¨vcK RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ `k©b‡Kwb‡q †M‡Qb †mB KZ©e¨ m¤úv`b Kivi gva¨‡ghv gvK©‡mi evKx wQj|gvK©mev`x ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZ‡Z, †Pqvig¨vbgvI wfwË I DcwiKvVv‡gvi ga¨Kvi m¤úK©‡Kwe‡klY K‡ib Ges ÒDrcvẁ Kv kw³Ó msµvšZms‡kvabev`x w_wm‡mi weiy‡× gvK©mev`x-†jwbbev`x msMÖvg‡K Ae¨vnZ ivLvi gva¨‡gwm×všZ Uv‡bb †h DcwiKvVv‡gv Z_v †PZbvwfwˇK iycvšZi Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges ivR‰bwZK¶gZvi gva¨‡g Drcvẁ Kv kw³‡K weKwkZ Kivhvq| ivRbxwZ n‡PQ A_©bxwZi Nbxf~Z cÖKvk,†jwbbev`x GB aviYv‡K weKwkZ K‡i wZwbcÖwZôv K‡ib †h, ivRbxwZ‡K Aek¨B Kgv‡Û_vK‡Z n‡e (me©̄ Z‡i cÖ‡hvR¨) GesivR‰bwZK KvR n‡PQ A_©‰bwZK Kv‡RicªvYm~Î hv †mªd GK A_©‰bwZK cwjwm bq eisAvg‡`i ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZi mwZ¨Kvimgvav‡b wb‡q hvq|gnvb AMÖMvgx DjçY I mgvRZvwš¿K weKv‡kicÖe³v gvI Zuvi Kg‡iW‡`imn Px‡b mgvRZš¿wewbg©v‡Y cÖej msMÖv‡gi gy‡L c‡oB DcjwäKi‡jb †h mgvRZvwš¿K wewbg©vY‡K GKwUc~Y©v½ gZv`wk©K ivR‰bwZK jvBb wn‡m‡e Zz‡jai‡Z n‡e| Gẁ ‡K †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb Kg‡iW—̄vwj‡bi Avgj †_‡KB †h wePz¨wZ‡Z Mwo‡q

‡NvlYv I Kg©m~wP4

c‡o Zv Px‡bI cÖwZdwjZ nq| mgvRZ‡š¿icÖK…wZ m¤̂‡ÜB Hme åvwš— ms‡kvabev‡`i Rb¨RvqMv K‡i ẁ ‡qwQj| Drcvẁ Kv kw³i Z‡Ë¡icÖv_wgK ‡h cÖeYZv —̄vwj‡bi iPbvq Luy‡R cvbZv‡K gvI G‡K GKRb KwgDwb‡÷i fyjwn‡m‡eB †`‡L‡Qb|mgvRZ‡š¿i wewbg©vY‡K gvI cÖej MY Av‡›̀ vjbwn‡m‡e †`‡L‡Qb| gvI wfwË I DcwiKvVv‡gviAvš—tm¤úK© we‡klY K‡ib| Drcv`b m¤úK© IDcwiKvVv‡gvi Ae¨vnZ wecexKi‡Yi K_ve‡jb| gnvb AMÖMvgx DjçY iƒ‡c RbM‡Yimvnmx cÖej AwZKvq cÖ‡Póv‡K Gfv‡e †`L‡Zn‡e| —̄vwjb I †mvwf‡qZ ‡bZ…e„›̀ fyjekZtg‡b K‡iwQ‡jb †h mgvRZ‡š¿i A_© n‡”Q ivóªxqgvwjKvbv Avi Drcvẁ Kv kw³i wKQyUv weKvk|gvI j¶¨ K‡ib †h †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bDrcv`b m¤ú‡K©i AMÖMwZ ‡gŠwjKfv‡e eÜ n‡q†M‡Q| gvI wk¶v †`b †h Drcv`b m¤ú‡K©i‡¶‡Î gvwjKvbv e¨e ’̄vB wba©viK, Z‡emgvRZ‡š¿i Aax‡b MYgvwjKvbv‡K mvie ‘̄ Iiƒc DfqZB mgvRZvwš¿K n‡Z n‡e|mgvRZvwš¿K gvwjKvbv e¨e ’̄vi mv‡_ Drcv`bm¤ú‡K©i Ab¨ ỳ‡Uv ẁ ‡Ki h_v Drcv`‡b wbhy³gvby‡l gvby‡l m¤úK©, I e›Ub e¨e ’̄viAvš—twµqvi Ici wZwb we‡kl †Rvi †`b| gvI†`wL‡q‡Qb †h AvgjvZvwš¿K wb‡`©k Øviv bqeis RbM‡Yi D‡`¨vM evov‡bvi gva¨‡gBmgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ „̀pfv‡e wbg©vY Kiv hvq|gvI Ôey‡R©vqv AwaKviÕ-Gi fvev`‡k©i IciAe¨vnZ AvNvZ nvbvi AvnŸvY Rvbvb|gvI mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZi eû bxwZgvjvcÖwZôv K‡ib h_v, fvix wkí‡K †K‡›̀ ª †i‡LnvjKv wkí I K…wli hyMcr weKvk, ivRbxwZKgv‡Ê, jvj I `¶, e„nr I MY, AvswkK¸YMZ iƒcvš—i, fvimvg¨ I fvimvg¨nxbZv,wbweo Kg©m~Px, MYgvwjKvbvi iƒcvš—i, ỳB cv‡qnvUv Z_v AvZ¥wbf©ikxjZvwfwËK mgvRZvwš¿KA_©bxwZ wewbg©vY, †hŠ_¯̂v_©‡K e¨w³¯̂v‡_©i E‡aŸ©’̄vb †`Iqv, Drcv`‡bi †hŠ_ cwiPvjbv, ỳB

AskMÖnY(kªwgK‡`i e¨e ’̄vcYvq AskMÖnY,e¨e ’̄vcYvi Drcv`bkxj kª‡g AskMÖnY), gnvbAMÖMvgx DjçYt ÒAwaK! ª̀“ZZi! AwaKZifvj!AwaKZi wgZe¨qxfv‡e!Ó, cÖvPxbwbqgKvbyb I Kzms¯‹v‡ii we‡jvc, ey‡R©vqvAwaKv‡ii fvev`‡k©i aŸsm, cwiKíbv cÖYqb,BZ¨vẁ eûwKQy|myZivs, ‡Pqvig¨vb gvIB cÖ_g mgvRZvwš¿KA_©bxwZi Ici GKUv ˆeÁvwbK I mve©Rbxb

wPš—vi weKvk mvab K‡ib|cÖvqB GKwU e¨vcvi‡K Zvi ¸iyZ¡ m‡Ë¡I cv‡k†d‡j ivLv nq, we‡klZ Zv‡`i KZ©„K hvivMYZvwš¿K wece cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb, †mUv n‡PQAvgjvZvwš¿K cuyuwRev` msµvšZ gvIev`x w_wmmA_©vr †mB cuywRev` hv wbcxwoZ †`k¸wj‡ZmvgªvR¨ev` wewfbœ gvÎvi mvgšZev‡`i wfwˇZA_ev GgbwK cÖvK-mvgšZev`x ¯Zimg~‡niwfwˇZ M‡o Zzj‡Q| GUv n‡PQ GKUvgnv¸i“Z¡c~Y© mgm¨v, cÖavbZ, Gwkqv, Avwd«Kv Ij¨vwUb Av‡gwiKvq| GKRb fv‡jv ivR‰bwZK†bZ…„Z¡ G msµvšZ Dcjw× †_‡K D™¢~Z nq,†hLv‡b AvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRi ev‡RqvßKiYwØZxq ¯Zi wn‡m‡e mgvRZvwš¿K wececwiPvjbvi A_©‰bwZK wfwË MVb K‡i|‰eÁvwbK mgvRZ‡š¿, †Pqvig¨vb gvI mvgvwRK†kªYxmg~‡ni ZË¡‡K Av‡iv weKwkZ K‡ibZv‡`i‡K A_©‰bwZK,ivR‰bwZK I gZv`wk©KwfwˇZ we‡klY Kivi gva¨‡g| wZwb wecexmwnsmZv‡K e¨wZµgnxb mve©Rbxb wbqgwn‡m‡e Zz‡j a‡ib, GK †kªYxi Øviv Av‡iK†kªbxi mwnsm cÖwZ ’̄vcb wn‡m‡e wece, Gfv‡eGB gnvb w_wmm cÖwZôv K‡ib †h ÔÔe›̀ y‡Ki bj†_‡K ivR‰bwZK ¶gZv ‡ewo‡q Av‡mÕÕ| wZwbwbcxwoZ †`k¸‡jv‡Z MÖvgvÂj ẁ ‡q knvivÂj†NivI‡qi c‡_i Øviv ivR‰bwZK ¶gZv `L‡jicÖkœ mgvavb K‡ib Zvi mvaviY wbqgmg~ncÖwZôv Kivi gva¨‡g| wZwb mgvRZ‡š¿†kªYxmsMÖvg msµvšZ ZË¡ m~ÎvwqZ I weKwkZK‡ib, hv‡Z wZwb cÖwZfv`xßfv‡e D‡jL K‡ib†h me©nviv †kªYx I ey‡R©vqv †kªYxi g‡a¨,mgvRZvwšÎK c_ I cyuwRev`x c‡_i g‡a¨ GesmgvRZš¿ I cuywRev‡`i g‡a¨ ˆei msMÖvg P‡j|mgvRZ‡š¿ GUv g~Z©fv‡e wba©vwiZ nqwb †KKv‡K civwRZ Ki‡e, GUv nj GKUv mgm¨vhvi mgvavb mgq `vex K‡i, cybcÖwZôv I cvëvcybcÖwZôvi GK cÖwµqvi ïiy, me©nviv †kªYxiRb¨ kw³kvjxfv‡e ivR‰bwZK ¶gZvi `LjivLv--Aek¨B me©nviv GKbvqK‡Z¡i gva¨‡gGes PzovšZfv‡e I cÖavbZ HwZnvwmKKvjRqx PgrKvi mgvavb Avi Zv n‡PQ me©nvivGKbvqKZ¡axb wece‡K Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z gnvbme©nviv mvs¯‹…wZK wece|bqv MYZvwš¿K wece n‡”Q gvI‡qi GKwU ZË¡hv †`wL‡q‡Q mvgªvR¨ev` Øviv wbcxwoZ†`k¸wj‡Z mvgªvR¨ev` I me©nviv wec‡ei GBhy‡M ey‡R©vqviv Avi MYZvwš¿K wece Ki‡Zm¶g bq| GKvRwU me©nviv †kªYxi `vwqZ¡

wn‡m‡e BwZnvm KZ©„K Awc©Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‘me©nviv †kªYxi †bZ…‡Z¡ GB MYZvwš¿K weceAvš—R©vwZK me©nviv wec‡ei Ask Ges Gij¶¨ mgvRZš¿| GB wece Ae¨vnZfv‡emgvRZš¿ Awfgy‡L GwM‡q hv‡e|Kg‡iW gvI GK bZzb ai‡Yi cvwU©i aviYvweKwkZ K‡ib hv wecix‡Zi HK¨wfwËK A_©vrỳB jvB‡bi msMÖvg wfwËK cvwU© M‡o †Zvjv hvMbhy× myPbv I weKv‡k m¶g, wbcxwoZ mKj†kªYxmg~n‡K HK¨e× I †bZ…Z¡ ẁ ‡Z m¶g|gvI GK bZzb ai‡Yi evwnbxi aviYv weKwkZK‡ib hv RbM‡bi Kv‡Q †evSv n‡ebv eisDrcv`‡bi mv‡_ hy³ _vK‡e|hy³d«›U n‡”Q †Pqvig¨v‡bi GKwU ZË¡ hvwbcxwoZ †`k¸wj‡Z KwgDwb÷ cvwU©cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡ cwiPvwjZ n‡q kªwgK K…lK ˆgwÎiwfwˇZ me©nviv †kªYxi †bZ…‡Z¡ kªwgK, K…lK,ga¨weË †kªYx I †`k‡cÖwgK ey‡R©vqv‡`i wb‡qGKwU d«›U|ÔMYhy×Õ iƒ‡c †Pqvig¨vb gvI me©cÖ_g me©nviv†kªYxi mvgwiK ZË¡ cÖwZôv K‡ib| G‡ZcÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv GKwU wbqggvwdK I c~b©iy‡cmvimsKwjZ n‡q‡Q me©nviv †kªYx KZ©„KcwiPvwjZ msMÖvg, mvgwiK G¨vKkbmg~n Ihy×mg~‡ni ZvwË¡K I e¨envwiK AwfÁZv,RbM‡Yi mk ¿̄ msMÖv‡gi mỳ xN© AwfÁZv Geswe‡klZ Px‡bi weiwZnxb hy×mg~n| Mbhy× ïaywbcxwoZ †`k¸wj‡Z bq mvgªvR¨ev`x†`k¸wj‡ZI cÖ‡hvR¨| GUv †mªd †Mwijv hy×bq| ‡Mwijv hy× †_‡K Pjgvb hy× I Ae ’̄vbhy‡× Zv weKwkZ nq MÖvgv‡j NuvwU GjvKvmg~nwfwË K‡i| NuvwU GjvKvmg~n n‡”Q PvweKvwV†hLv‡b MYKwgwUi AvKv‡i bqv MY¶gZvi å“YM‡o I‡V|gnvb me©nviv mvs¯‹…wZK wece n‡”Q †Pqvig¨vbgvI‡qi me©vwaK mxgvwZµgKvix weKvk| gnvbme©nviv mvs¯‹…wZK wece m¤ú‡K© Px‡biKwgDwb÷ cvwU©i †Kw›̀ ªq KwgwUi Awa‡ek‡bejv n‡q‡QtÒDrLvZ nIqv m‡Ë¡I ey‡R©vqviv ¶gZvcyb`©L‡ji j‡¶¨ †kvlK †kªYxmg~‡ni cy‡iv‡bvaviYv, ms¯‹…wZ, Af¨vm I Dcv‡qi gva¨‡gRbMY‡K `~wlZ Ki‡Z Avi RbM‡Yi gb RqKivi cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq| me©nviv †kªYx‡K Ki‡Zn‡e wVK Zvi wecixZ; gZv`k©MZ †¶‡Îey‡R©vqv‡`i mKj P¨v‡j‡Äi cÖwZ †m wb`©qgy‡LvgywL AvNvZ Quy‡o †`‡e Ges Zvi wbR¯̂bZzb aviYv, ms¯‹…wZ, Af¨vm I Dcv‡qi gva¨‡g

KwgDwb÷ cvwU© gvK©mev`x-†jwbbev`x-gvIev`x evsjv‡`kGi 5

mgMÖ mgv‡Ri gvbwmK „̀wóf½xi cwieZ©bNUv‡e| Avgv‡`i eZ©gvb j¶¨ n‡”Q msMÖv‡gigva¨‡g Zv‡`i aŸsm Kiv KZ©„c‡¶i g‡a¨ hvivcuywRev`x c_ AbymiY Ki‡Q, cÖvwZôvwbK †¶‡ÎcÖwZwµqvkxj ey‡R©vqv ÔKZ©„c¶mg~nÕ ‡Kmgv‡jvPbv I AcmviY Kiv, ey‡R©vqv I Ab¨vb¨†kªYxmg~‡ni gZv`k©‡K mgv‡jvPbv I cÖZ¨vL¨vbKiv, Ges mgvRZ‡š¿i A_‰bwZK wfwËi mv‡_AmvÄm¨c~Y© wk¶v, mvwnZ¨, wkíKjv AviDcwiKvVv‡gvi Aewkó †¶Îmg~n‡K iƒcvš—iKiv hv‡Z mgvRZvwš¿K e¨e ’̄vi mymsnZKiY IweKv‡k mnvqZv Kiv hvq|Ó‡Pqvig¨vb gvI g„Zz¨ cieZ©x‡Z wcwmwc†Pqvig¨vb Mbmv‡jvi †bZ…‡Z¡ gvIev‡`i m~ÎvqYïi“ nq| MYhy‡×i mve©RbxbZv GKwU D‡j-L‡hvM¨ aviYv hv weKwkZ nq MbRv‡jv KZ©„K|†ci“ I †bcv‡ji MYhy‡×i ga¨ ẁ ‡q gvIev`k³ wfZ cvq I weKwkZ nq| 1984 mv‡j wigMwVZ n‡qwQj PZz_© Avš—R©vwZK M‡o †Zvjvij‡¶¨| Õ92 mv‡j Avš—R©vwZK †hŠ_ Dcjwäiƒ‡c gvIev‡`i MÖnY wQ‡jv wek¦e¨vcxKwgDwb÷‡`i GK weivU weRq| gvK©m IG‡½jm †_‡K Avgiv ‡c‡qwQ gvK©mev`| ‡jwbbI —̄vwjb †_‡K †jwbbev`| gvI, wmivRwmK`vi, Pvi“ gRyg`vi, Mbmv‡jv cÖgyL _‡KAvgiv cvB gvIev`| Gme n‡”Q Mv‡Qi †Mvov|G‡_‡K Wvjcvjv Av‡m gv‡jgvi ivRbxwZ,A_©bxwZ I `k©b|mfvcwZ wmivR wmK`vi gvIwPš—vaviv‡K MÖnYK‡ib Avi c~e©evsjvq MYhy‡×i gva¨‡g ZvicÖ‡qvM NUvb| Gfv‡e evsjv‡`‡k wmivRwmK`vi wPš—vaviv M‡o D‡V‡Q| wmivRwmK`v‡ii `iKvi wQj cÖ_‡g gZv`wk©K LuywyUcÖw_ZKiY| mewKQyi g~‡j n‡”Q GUv|ivRbxwZiI g~‡j GUv| Gn‡”Q GK mvgwMÖK„̀wóf½x hvi Øviv ivRbxwZi KvVv‡gv M‡o I‡V|Kg‡iW Pvi“ gRyg`vi gvIwPš—vaviv‡K MÖnYK‡ib Avi fvi‡Zi ev —̄eZvq MYhy‡×i gva¨‡gZvi cÖ‡qvM NUvb| hvi cÖfve ejq `w¶YGwkqv‡K Qvwc‡q hvq| Gfv‡e Pvi“ gRyg`viwk¶v M‡o I‡V‡Q|Aciẁ ‡K †ci“i wec‡ei ev —̄eZv †_‡K D™¢~Zn‡q Avš—R©vwZKfv‡e gvIev‡`i mve©RbxbZvAvwe®‹v‡ii gva¨‡g Mbmv‡jv wPš—vaviv Rb¥wb‡q‡Q| Kg‡iW Mbmv‡jvB †`Lvb †h MYhy×mve©Rbxbfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| Avav mvgš—Zvwš¿KAvav Jcwb‡ewkK mgvR KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨AvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev‡`i weKvkmsµvš— ZË¡

wZwb weKwkZ K‡i‡Qb| Mbmv‡jv †_‡K AvgivỳB jvB‡bi msMÖv‡gi wba©viK ¸i“Z¡, wgwjwkqv,cvwU©-evwnbx-d«‡›Ui mg‡Kw›̀ ªK wewbg©vY,MY¶gZvi cÖkœ, K…wl wece, AvgjvZvwš¿KcuywRev` msµvš— ZË¡, cwiKwíZ Dcv‡q NuvwUGjvKv M‡o †Zvjv, kni MÖv‡gi mgš̂q, gnvb†bZ…‡Z¡i ZË¡ BZ¨vẁ eû wKQy ‡c‡qwQ|Kg‡iW Mbmv‡jv †_‡K wk¶v wb‡q AvgivwmivR wmK`vi I Pvi“ gRyg`v‡ii wPš—vaviv‡Kh_vh_fv‡e g~j¨vqY Ki‡Z cvwi| wmivRwmK`vi wPš—vaviv †_‡K Avgiv cvB, NuvwU M‡o†Zvjvi jvBb-GjvKvwfwËK ¶gZv `L‡jijvBb, AvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev` msµvš— ZË¡, K…wlwece, mv¤cÖ`vwqK †kªYxØ›Ø msµvš— ZË¡, RvZxqmsMÖvg, †fŠMwjKZvi e¨envi, Dcwb‡ekmsµvš— ZË¡, kni MÖv‡gi mgš̂q, wgwjwkqv,gnvb †bZ…‡Z¡i ZË¡, BZ¨vẁ Av‡iv eû wKQ~|gv‡jgv n‡”Q gvI wPš—vavivi weKwkZ iƒc|gvIev‡`i ZË¡ Mbmv‡jv KZ©„K cybivwe®K…Zn‡q‡Q Ges Zuvi gva¨‡g wig Ges wi‡gi gva¨‡gỳwbqvi gvIev`xiv MÖnY K‡i‡Q| GmKjbxwZgvjv meB g~Z©fv‡e Dc ’̄vwcZ n‡q‡Q hvAvR‡Ki ẁ ‡bi bqv gv‡jgvev`x cvwU© MoviwfwË|gvIev`, gv‡jgv, cÖavbZ gvIev` meB n‡”Qms‡klb| wKš‘ Avgiv Rvwb, ms‡klY I we‡k-lY n‡”Q GKB e ‘̄i ỳB ẁ K| Gi g‡a¨ ms‡k-lY n‡”Q cÖavb| wKš‘ GUvI GKUv Aš—nxbcÖwµqv| gv‡jgv‡K ms‡kwlZ K‡i ejv nqgvIev`, Avevi gv‡jgv‡K we‡klY K‡i bZzbms‡klY, cÖavbZ gvIev`| Z‡e, ms‡klYe‡jb Avi we‡klY e‡jb meB cÖ‡qvRb †_‡K|me©nviv †kªYxi †kªbxmsMÖv‡gi ¯̂v‡_©B GmewKQy|gnvwe‡k¦ e ‘̄RMZ Awew”Qbœ| Avgv‡`i wePv‡iicÖ‡qvR‡b Avgiv Zv‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †bB| AveviZv‡K h_v ’̄v‡b ’̄vcb Ki‡Z nq| Áv‡bi ivR¨GKUvB, wKš‘ Avgiv ewj `k©b, A_©bxwZ,ivRbxwZ, wkí mvwnZ¨..|gv‡jgvq i‡q‡Q wZbwU gvBj‡÷vb gvK©mev`,†jwbbev`, gvIev`| †k‡liwU n‡”Q weKv‡kim‡e©v”PZv| ZvB †kªôZi| Gfv‡e g~Z©KiYKivUv gvIev`‡K cÖwZôvi mv‡_ HwZnvwmKfv‡ehy³ n‡q i‡q‡Q| ‡ci“i KwgDwb÷ cvwU©‡KgvIev` cÖwZôvi Rb¨ `xN© K‡qK hyM a‡imsMÖvg Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| wmivR wmK`vi I Pvi“gRyg`vi gvIev‡`i ZrKvjxb m‡e©v”PweKvk‡KB aviY Ki‡Zb| †mmgq gvIwPš—vavivejv n‡Zv| gvIwPš—vaviv‡K cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Zuviv

K‡Vvi KwVb msMÖvg Pvwj‡q‡Qb|Kg‡iW wmivR wmK`vi, Kg‡iW Pvi“ gRyg`viI Kg‡iW Mbmv‡jv gZv`‡k©i ‡¶‡Î †h Ae`vb‡i‡L‡Qb, åvš— c‡_i cw_Kiv GUv ¯̂xKviKi‡Z Pvqbv| Zvn‡j, Zv‡`i Ae`vb wK A-gZv`k©? gZv`k© Kxfv‡e D™¢~Z nq? wmivRwmK`vi I Pvi“ gRyg`vi evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Ziwec‡ei †gŠwjK A‡bK mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Zcv‡ibwb ej‡Z PvB‡Q Giv| G‡`‡ki wec‡eiwfwËcÖ —̄i ’̄vcb KivUvB, GKwU ‡gŠwjKmgm¨vi mgvavb| Gme åvš— wPš—vbymvix‡`i gZAbymv‡i gvK©mev`‡K GLb †bwZKiY Kivhv‡e| wKš‘ e ‘̄ev‡`i wbqgbymv‡i Zv n‡Zcv‡ibv| cÖ‡Z¨KwU e ‘̄ ev NUbvi i‡q‡Q Rb¥,weKvk I cwiYwZ| e ‘̄‡K GB mxgvi g‡a¨†`L‡Z n‡e| gvK©mev‡`i Rb¥ n‡q‡QKwgDwb÷ mgv‡Ri Av`k©‡K aviY K‡i|KwgDwbRg cÖwZôvi AvM ch©š— Zv †bwZK…Zn‡e bv| GB Kvjc‡e©i cwimgvwßi mv‡_ mv‡_gvK©mev‡`iI cwimgvwß NU‡e| Z‡e Zv Av‡ivDbœZ wKQy Rb¥ †`‡e| A_©vr Av‡iv AMÖmi wKQ~Øviv †bwZK…Z n‡e| Aciẁ ‡K ms‡kvabev`KL‡bvB gvK©mev`‡K †bwZKiY Ki‡Z cvi‡ebv, KviY Zvi †mB kw³ †bB| åvš— c‡_icw_K‡`i g‡Z, ÒwPš—vavivÓ †Kvb †`kxq/ivóªxqwelq n‡Z cv‡i bv| †hb Avš—R©vwZKfv‡e D™¢~Zn‡q wPš—vaviv‡K †Kvb †`‡k nvwRi n‡Z n‡e|gvbyl‡K †hgb †Kvb bv ‡Kvb †`‡k evm Ki‡Zn‡”Q, wPš—vaviv‡KI †Kvb bv †Kvb †`‡k Rb¥wb‡Z n‡”Q, Zvici †mUv Avš—R©vwZK PwiÎcwiMÖn K‡i|gvI‡qi GKwU ZË¡ n‡”Q AvswkK ¸YMZiƒcvš—‡ii ZË¡| ZvB fveev`xiv †hgbUv g‡bK‡i †Zgb nVvr K‡iB beg Ks‡MÖ‡m gvIwPš—vaviv wek¦Rbxbfv‡e Avwef©~Z nqwb| G‡Kvb A‡jŠwKK NUbv bq| gvI 1936 mv‡jØ›Ø cÖm‡½ I Abykxjb cÖm‡½ †j‡Lb, `xN©̄ ’vqxMYhy×, Avav-mvgš—ve`x Avav Jcwb‡ewkKmgvR KvVv‡gvi we‡klY, bqvMYZvwš¿K wece,mgvRZ‡š¿i c‡_ gnvb AMÖMvgx DjçY,me©nviv mvs¯‹…wZK wece G¸‡jv G‡KKUv c‡e©G‡m‡Q| wWg †_‡K wcDcv, wcDcv †_‡K g_,g_ †_‡K †ikg †cvKv; gvby‡li ‰kke †_‡KZvi“Y¨, Zvi“Y¨ †_‡K †hŠeb, †hŠeb †_‡KcÖexY eqm, cÖexY eqm †_‡K e„×.. .BZ¨vẁn‡”Q gvI ewY©Z AvswkK ¸YMZ iƒcvš—‡iiD`vnviY| cÖK…wZi †¶‡Î hv N‡U, mgv‡Ri†¶‡Î hv N‡U gvby‡li wPš—vavivi †¶‡ÎI ZvB

‡NvlYv I Kg©m~wP6

N‡U| 1935 mv‡ji gvIwPš—vaviv Avi 1969mv‡ji gvIwPš—vaviv GK wQjbv, Avi 1969mv‡ji gvIwPš—vaviv Avi Avgiv hv‡K gvIev`ejwQ ZvI GK bq, meB mve©Rbxb wKš‘ cv_©K¨i‡q‡Q| KwgDwb÷ Bk‡Znv‡ii gvK©mev`,cuywRi gvK©mev`, Avi c¨vwi KwgDb cieZ©xgvK©mev`---meB mve©Rbxb wKš‘ mgvb bq|wewfbœ —̄‡ii|gvK©m I G‡½jm gvK©mev‡`i iPwqZv hvi g‡a¨gvK©‡mi f~wgKv cÖavb| †jwbb I —̄vwjb†jwbbev‡`i iPwqZv hvi g‡a¨ ‡jwb‡bi fywgKvcÖavb| gvI, wmivR wmK`vi, Pvi“ gRyg`vi,Mbmv‡jv. . .‡_‡K Avgiv †c‡qwQ gvIev`, hv‡ZgvI‡qi fywgKvB n‡”Q gyL¨| mve©RbxbZv GgwbGgwb nqbv, †mUv‡K AR©b Ki‡Z msMÖvg Ki‡Znq, Zvi ¯̂xK…wZi Rb¨I msMÖvg Ki‡Z nq|Avmyb Avgiv GKUz we —̄vwiZfv‡e †`wL wmivRwmK`v‡ii wPš—v I Kg©‡K| wmivR wmK`vin‡”Qb evsjv‡`‡ki gnvbZg mš—vb whwb GLv‡bme©nviv †kªYx‡K gvK©mev`-‡jwbbev‡`i weKvkwn‡m‡e gvI wPš—vaviv‡K nv‡Z Zz‡j wb‡Z †bZ…Z¡ẁ ‡q‡Qb| †mB wfwˇZ wZwb mwVKfv‡ec~e©evsjvi mgvR‡K Jcwb‡ewkK-Avavmvgš—ev`x wn‡m‡e we‡klY K‡ib Ges me©nviv†kªYx‡K †bZ…Z¡ †`b Zuvi wbR cvwU© M‡o Zzj‡Z,BwZnv‡m cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv Zuvi evwnbx M‡o‡Zvjvq, K…lK, ga¨weË †kªYx I RvZxqey‡R©vqv‡kªYx‡K mgv‡ewkZ Kivi gva¨‡g hy&³d«›UMV‡b| Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ cvwU© ỳBevi NuvwU GjvKvM‡o †Zvjvq m¶g nqt GKevi ewikvj †RjvieØx‡ci †cqvivevMvb Ai‡Y¨, Avi cieZ©x‡ZÕ72-Õ75 mgqKv‡j cve©Z¨ PUªMÖv‡g| Zuvi GBaviYvi Avš—R©vwZK Zvrch© wQj †h c~e©evsjvcvwK —̄v‡bi Dcwb‡ek Ges cieZ©x‡Z fvi‡ZiDcwb‡ek| †mB we‡klY †_‡K wZwb GwM‡q hvbme©nviv †kªYx‡K RvZxq gyw³i Rb¨ jo‡Z†bZ…Z¡ ẁ ‡Z| Zvi Dcjwä wQj †hmvgªvR¨ev‡`i Aaxb —̄ mKj †`kB mvie ‘̄‡ZDcwb‡ek Ges Avav Dcwb‡e‡ki Dcwb‡ek_vK‡Z cv‡i| eZ©gvb wek¦ cwiw̄ ’wZcwi®‹vifv‡e Zvi GB aviYv‡K mwVK cÖgvYK‡i| e„wUk Jcwb‡ewkK evsjvi mv¤cÖ`vwqK†kªYx ؇›Øi Ici Zuvi GKUv fvj Dcjwä wQj|`w¶Y Gwkqvi mvaviY cwiw̄ ’wZ Ges mgKvjxbwek¦ GB aviYv‡KI mwVK cÖgvY K‡i| wZwbc~e©evsjvi AvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev`‡K g~Z© K‡ibGes Gi wei“‡× jovB wbkvbve× K‡ib| ZviDcjwä wQj GB †h AvgjvZvwš¿K ey‡R©vqviv

n‡”Q mvgªvR¨ev`, m¤cÖmviYev`, AvgjvZvwš¿KcuywRev` Ges Avav-mvgš—ev‡`i cÖwZwbwa|GUvI n‡”Q GKUv wba©viK wPš—v hv AvR‡Kiwek¦ KwgDwb÷‡`i AwZ Aek¨B eyS‡Z n‡e|mfvcwZ wmivR wmK`v‡ii g„„Zz¨ cieZ©x‡Z‡nvRvcš’x wRqvDwÏb gvI †mZzO wPš—vaviv IwmivR wmK`v‡ii jvBb eR©b K‡i| Aciẁ ‡KAv‡bvqvi Kexi gvI wPš—vavivi weKwkZ Ae ’̄vbgvIev`‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z e¨_© nq Ges wmivRwmK`v‡ii wPš—vaviv‡K ms‡kvab Kivigva¨‡g mgš̂qev` Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq|

Av_© mvgvwRK we‡klY

gvI‡mZzO Avav Dcwb‡ewkK Avav mvgš—ev`xmgvR KvVv‡gvi †h aviYv ẁ ‡q‡Qb Zv n‡”QÑÑ1. mvgš—ev‡`i M‡f© mvgªvR¨ev`x cuywRi weKvkmvgš—ev‡`i cwieZ©b NwU‡q †h cuywRev‡`i Rb¥ẁ ‡q‡Q †mUv bv mvgš—ev` bv cuywRev`, AveviGB ỳB‡qiB ‰ewkó G‡Z weivRgvb| G‡KAvav mvgš—ev`x GRb¨ ejv nq †h mvgš—ev‡`iwfwËi Ici cY¨ A_©bxwZ M‡o I‡V‡Q|mvgš—ev`x †kvlY c×wZ‡K GUv Kv‡R jvMvq|cuywRev‡`i ˆewkó n‡”QÑÑcY¨ A_©bxwZ, kªgkw³I cY¨ewa©Z cybi“rcv`bG‡Z Aek¨¤¢vexiƒ‡c DØ„Ëg~j¨ †kvl‡Yi GKUvcÖwµqv Pvjy nq A_©vr †`kxq wfwËK fvixwkíM‡o I‡V|Avgv‡`i †`‡k cY¨ A_©bxwZ weivRgvb| wKš‘†kvl‡Yi c×wZ mvgš—ev‡`i ˆewkó¨hy³| A_©vrmvgš—ev‡`i †kvlYc×wZ‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bv nq|‡hgbÑÑ 1. A‡`q gRyix

2. A_©bxwZ ewnf©~Z ej cÖ‡qvM3. AwZwi³ †kvlY (AwZwi³ DØ„Ë

g~j¨)4 . `xN© kªgmgq|

Avgv‡`i †`‡k GKUv weivU kªwgK †kªYx i‡q‡Q| †`‡ki RbmsL¨vi GK ZwZqvskB kªwgKRbMY| Gi A‡a©‡Ki †ekx wkí kªwgK hv‡`iAwaKvskB Avevi ˆZwi †cvlvK wk‡í Kg©iZ|GQvov e ¿̄ eybb, cvU, Pvgov, †cvwëª I Ilyawk‡í eû kªwgK Kg©iZ| cwienb, †nv‡Uj-‡iu‡ —̄viv I wbg©vY †m±‡i weivU msL¨K kªwgKKg©iZ i‡q‡Q| kªwgK †kªYx GLv‡b nvofvOvkªg cÖ`vb K‡iI Zv‡`i cwiev‡ii fiY

†cvl‡Yi wZb fv‡Mi GKfvM gRywiI cvbbv|Zv‡`i Kg©ẁ em AZ¨š— `xN©| cÖvqB †eMviLvU‡Z nq| Zviv AwZwi³ DØ„Ëg~j¨ †kvl‡Yi¯̂xKvi| evsjv‡`‡ki kªwgK †kªYx weªwUkJcwb‡ewkK mgqKvj †_‡KB eû jovB msMÖvgwe‡ ª̀vn msNwUZ K‡i‡Qb| d‡j Zviv h‡_ócwic°| k„sLj Qvov kªwgK †kªYxi nviv‡bviwKQy †bB| Rq Kivi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q mviv ỳwbqv|kªwgK †kªYx n‡”Q wec‡ei †bZv| †m wec‡eKwgDwb÷ c‡_i M¨vivw›U| ‡m K…lK RbM‡bimv‡_ HK¨e× n‡q K…lK-kªwgK †RvU MVb K‡ihv n‡”Q d«‡›Ui wfwË|Avgv‡`i †`k K…wl cÖavb| RbmsL¨vi 60-70% B K…wli mv‡_ hy³| kZKiv 56 fvMK…lK cy‡iv f~wgnxb, hv‡`i Kv‡iv emZwfUvAv‡Q Kv‡iv ev †bB| kZKiv 25-30 Rb K…lKMixe K…lK hv‡`i 1/2 weNv Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwgi‡q‡Q| G‡`i mvaviYZ K…wl hš¿cvwZ †bB|†gvU K…l‡Ki kZKiv 80 fvMB Mwie If~wgnxb K…lK ( ỳB Z…wZqvsk f~wgnxb Ges cÖvqGK Z…wZqvsk Mixe K…lK)| GB ỳB †kªYxinv‡Z †gvU K…wl Rwgi GK lôvsk i‡q‡Q| GBỳB †kªYx‡K ms‡¶‡c Mixe K…lK ejv nq|Mixe K…lKiv mvaviYZ eM©v, cËbx ev eÜKxRwg wb‡q Pvl K‡i _v‡Kb| Mixe K…l‡KiveM©vq (dm‡ji fvM †`qv), cËbxi UvKv, K‡R©imỳ , GbwRI‡`i Pµe„w× mỳ , miKv‡iiµgea©gvb LvRbv, Dbœqb Ki, wk¶v Ki,‡PŠwK`vix Ki, miKvix Kg©Pvix‡`i ỳb©xwZ, D”Pg~‡j¨ mvi, KxUbvkK, ‡m‡Pi cvwb µq, cvIqviwUjv‡ii Pv‡li `vg I m‡e©vcix gRywi LvUvq†kvwlZ nq| f~wgnxb I Mixe K…lK‡`i A‡b¨iRwg‡Z kªg weµq Ki‡Z nq| GUvB n‡”QgvSvwi Pvlx‡`i †_‡K Zv‡`i cv_©K¨| MixeK…l‡Kiv n‡”Qb †`‡ki msL¨vMwiô RbMYhv‡`i‡K ejv nq Avav-me©nviv| GivB n‡”Qbwec‡ei wfwË| kªwgK‡kªYxi †bZ…‡Z¡ cÖavbZtG‡`i Ici wbf©i K‡iB MYhy× M‡o I‡V|5/6 weNv Rwg i‡q‡Q Ggb K…lK‡`i gvSvixK…lK aiv hvq hviv †gvU K…l‡Ki kZKiv 10-15 Rb| G‡`i A‡b‡Ki AMfxi bjKzci‡q‡Q| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b †Z‡ji `vg A‡bK †ewknIqvq AMfxi bjKzc e¨envi jvfRbK bq|eis f~̄ ^vgxiv Mfxi bjKzc e¨env‡i we ỳ̈ ‡ZmiKvix fZ©yKx †c‡q _v‡K| gvSvwi K…lK‡`iAv‡qi m¤ú~Y© ev cÖavb Ask Av‡m wb‡Ri kªg†_‡K| mvaviYZt ‡m Ab¨‡K †kvlb K‡ibv|eis eQi †k‡l eM©vi Ask †`qv, cËbxi UvKv,

KwgDwb÷ cvwU© gvK©mev`x-†jwbbev`x-gvIev`x evsjv‡`kGi 7

K‡R©i mỳ , miKv‡ii µgea©gvb LvRbv, DbœqbKi, wk¶v Ki, †PŠwK`vix Ki, D”P g~‡j¨ mvi,KxUbvkK, ‡m‡Pi cvwb µq, cvIqvi wUjv‡iiPv‡li `vg cÖf„wZi gva¨‡g wb‡RB †kvwlZ nq|wKQy wKQy gvSvwi Pvlx wKQy wKQy †kvlY Ki‡jIZv Zv‡`i wbqwgZ ev Av‡qi cÖavb Drm bq|gvSvwi Pvlxiv mn‡RB wecex cÖPviYv MÖnYK‡i| kªwgK ‡kªYx I kªwgK †kªYxi cvwU© MixeK…lK‡`i Ici wbf©i K‡i gvSvwi K…lK‡`iHK¨e× Ki‡e, we`¨gvb Avav-mvgš—Zvwš¿K eoabx‡`i wei“‡× msMÖvg Ki‡e I f~wg ms¯‹viKi‡e| 7/8 weNvi ‡_‡K 10/12 weNv RwgigvwjK‡K abx K…lK aiv hvq| †gvU K…l‡KiGiv n‡”Q kZKiv 4/5 Rb| ‡Kvb †Kvb abxPvlxi wKQy Rwg cËbx ev eÜK †bqv evKxUvwb‡Ri| Avevi A‡b‡Ki meUvB cËbx ev eÜK†bIqv| mvaviYZt abx Pvlxi AMfxi bjKzci‡q‡Q Ges †ewk UvKv Av‡Q| †m wb‡R kª‡gAsk †bq, wKš‘ Zvi †kvl‡Yi cÖavb aiY Kvgjvev gRyi LvUv‡bv| Avevi †m wb‡RI eM©v evcËbx ev eÜK †`q| †m UvKv KR© ẁ ‡Z cv‡iev e¨emvI Ki‡Z cv‡i| Giv wec‡e mvaviYZtwbi‡c¶ _v‡K| Z‡e G‡`i ¯̂v_© wec‡e iw¶Znq| 10/12 weNv Rwg‡K Avgiv wmwjs a‡i Gi†ewk Rwg Avgiv K…wl wec‡e ev‡Rqvß Ki‡ev|myZivs abx K…lK‡`i wmwjs EaŸ© RwgB †Kejev‡Rqvß Kiv n‡e| G‡`i mvgªvR¨ev` we‡ivaxmsMÖv‡g DØy× Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡`i cuywR †QvUnIqvi Kvi‡Y G‡`i AvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev` IAvav-mvgš—Zvwš¿K f~̄ ^vgxi wei“‡×I HK¨e×Kiv m¤¢e| gvSvwi I abx K…lK‡`i nv‡Z GKZ…wZqvsk Rwg i‡q‡Q| mvaviYZ 20 weNviE‡a© †mBme Rwgi gvwjK Avav-mvgš—Zvwš¿Keo abx hv‡`i Rwg QvovI Ab¨wea m¤úwËi‡q‡Q, Giv kZKiv 2/3 Rb| Lvm Rwgmnai‡j G‡`i nv‡Z i‡q‡Q A‡a©‡Ki †ewk Rwg|eo abx‡`i K…wl Rwg QvovI Uªv±i, MfxibjKzc, mvi, †Zj I KxUbvk‡Ki e¨emvi‡q‡Q| Giv †mPKv‡R we ỳ̈ rmn wewfbœiKgmiKvix fZ©yKx †c‡q _v‡K| G‡`i cÖvq meviBkn‡i evox i‡q‡Q| GivB MÖvgv‡j BDwc†Pqvig¨vb, †g¤̂i Ges cÖwZwµqvkxj ivR‰bwZK`jmg~‡ni †bZv| GivB mỳ ‡Lvi GbwRImg~‡niKg©KZ©v, _vbv cywjk †KvU© KvPvixi KZ©v, GivBnvU evRv‡ii BRviv`vi| ¯‹zj, K‡jR, gv ª̀vmv,IqvK&d m¤úwËi ZË¡veav‡bi gva¨‡gI Giv†kvlY K‡i _v‡K| Pµe„w× nv‡i mỳ xKvieviK‡i _v‡K Giv| Giv Ryqvi Avmi cwiPvjbv

K‡i| G‡`i A‡b‡KiB evox‡Z e›̀ yK Av‡Q|GbwRI‡`i mv‡_ wg‡j GivB n‡PQ MÖvgv‡jK…lK‡`i cÖavb kΓ| K…wl wec‡e G‡`i Rwg Im¤úwË ev‡Rqvß Kiv n‡e| Giv mvaviYZtUvDU I wbózi †jvK| MÖvgv‡j Giv †`kx Iwe‡`kx mKj †kvl‡Yi —̄¤¢| Giv `xN©‡gqv`xKvgjv LvUvq| gRyi‡`i LvwU‡q Giv AwZwi³DØ„Ëgyj¨ †kvlY K‡i _v‡K| Mixe K…lK‡`iGiv fvMv, cËbx, mỳ wewfbœfv‡e AwZwi³†kvlY K‡i| GivB hyM hyM a‡i K…lK‡`i Rwg†kvlY I ỳb©xwZi gva¨‡g MÖvm K‡i‡Q| MÖvgxbe¨vsK, eª¨vK, Avkv, †V½vgviv mn mKj GbwRImgMÖ evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgv‡j Pµe„w× mỳ x†kvl‡Yi Rvj we —̄vi K‡i‡Q| MÖvgv‡jAwaKvsk Mixe K…lK cwievi G‡`i Rv‡jAvUKv c‡o‡Qb| Giv MixeK…lK‡`i DØ„Ëg~j¨AwZwi³ †kvlY K‡i| Giv mvgªvR¨ev‡`i A‡_©M‡o IVv GK‡PwUqv ms ’̄v| Mixe K…lK‡`i†kvlY K‡i M‡o I‡V G‡`i e„nr cuywR|MÖvgv‡j Giv Kg`vgx †mvjvi c¨v‡bj wKw̄ —‡ZK…lK‡`i Kv‡Q Pµe„w× mỳ mn eû¸Y ‡ewk`v‡g weµx K‡i| Gai‡Yi eûwea ai‡Yi†kvlY Zviv cwiPvjbv K‡i| MÖvgv‡j Avav-mvgš—Zvwš¿K eo abx †kªYxi Ask wn‡m‡e GivcÖavb kΓi g‡a¨ c‡o|K…wl Rwgi 1/6 Ask eM©vi Aaxb| GKZ…wZqvsk K…lK eM©v, cËwb, eÜwK Rwg PvlK‡i _v‡Kb, hẁ I A‡b‡K wb‡Ri RwgI PvlK‡ib| evsjv‡`‡k GLb Rwg eÜK wb‡qPvlvev` Kiv e¨vcKfv‡e weKwkZ n‡q‡Q|†hme ¶wqòz K…lK Rwg eÜK †i‡L _v‡KbZviv mvaviYZt UvKvi Afv‡e Zv Avi DVv‡Zcv‡ibbv| †kl ch©š— Rwg Zv‡`i‡K weµx K‡iẁ ‡Z nq| GQvov LvB Lvjvmx wewfbœ ai‡YiPzw³‡Z K…l‡Kiv Rwg wb‡q Pvlvev` K‡i_v‡Kb|cÖvK Dcwb‡ewkK Avg‡j evsjvi K…wl †_‡K KiI LvRbviƒ‡c mvgš—ev`x †kvlY Pvjv‡bv n‡Zv|e„wUk Avg‡j K…lK‡`i mivmwi †kvlY Ki‡ZvwZbwU cÖavb †kvlK‡kªYxt Rwg`vi, †RvZ`vi,gnvRb| e„wUkiv wPi ’̄vqx e‡›̀ ve‡ —̄i gva¨‡gRwg`vix e¨e ’̄v‡K cvKv‡cv³ K‡i A‡bKcy‡iv‡bv Rwg`vi‡`i aŸsm K‡i bqv Rwg`vim„wó K‡i ivR¯̂ Av`v‡qi gva¨‡g Dcwb‡ewkK†kvlY Kv‡qg K‡i|cvwK —̄vbx Dcwb‡ewkK Avg‡j 1950 mv‡jc~e©e½ Rwg`vix AwaMÖnY I cÖRvmË¡ AvBbmvgvb¨ RwgB Lvm wn‡m‡e AwaMÖnY K‡i, cÖvq

465139 GKi| AwaKvsk RwgB †e`Lj nq|†e`Lj nIqv Rwg D×viI fywg wec‡ei GKUvAsk|myZivs c~e©evsjvi BwZnv‡m KL‡bvB †Kv‡bv f~wgms¯‹vi nqwb| ZvB K…lK‡`i Rwgi ¶zav†g‡Uwb| f~wgnxb‡`i e‡ov Ask kn‡i wiKkvkªwgK wn‡m‡e, Mv‡g©›Um I Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R wbhy³nq Rwg nvwi‡q A_ev Rwg bv †c‡q| djZtG‡`i mgm¨v K…wl mgm¨vi mv‡_B hy³| f~wgwece Z_v K…wlweceB K…lK RbMY I kªgRxweRbM‡Yi e‡ov As‡ki mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡e|Avgv‡`i †`‡ki mvgš—Z‡š¿i cy‡iv‡bv KvVv‡gv†hUv weªwUk Jcwb‡ewkK Avg‡jB Avav-mvgš—Z‡š¿ cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q Zvi †Kvb Zvrch©c~Y©cwieZ©b N‡Uwb| wKš‘ GKwU Zvrch©c~Y©cwieZ©b Aek¨B N‡U‡Q| Zv n‡”Q K¬vwmKmvgš—‡kªYxi cZb I g~jZt we‡jvc| weªwUkAvg‡j c~e©evsjvi gymjgvb cÖRv Pvlx‡`i Iciwn›̀ y ag©vej¤̂x mvgš— Rwg`viiv mvaviY†kvl‡bi cvkvcvwk mv¤cÖvvẁ qK wbcxoYPvjv‡Zv| GUv mv¤cÖv`vwqK †kªYx ؇›Øi m„wóK‡iwQj| fvi‡Zi KwgDwb÷ cvwU© wec‡eigva¨‡g mgm¨vmg~‡ni mgvavb bv Kivi Kvi‡Yc~e©evsjvi msL¨vMwiô gymwjg K…lKmv¤cÖ`vwqK wfwˇZ cvwK —̄vb m„wó‡K mg_©bK‡i| d‡j wn›̀ y mvgš—iv c~e©evsjv †_‡KweZvwoZ nq| ivóªxq c„ô‡cvlKZvq GLv‡bgymwjg abx‡`i ga¨ †_‡K bqv mvgš—iv mvgš—Pwi‡Îi cvkvcvwk LyeB Zvrch©c~Y©fv‡e ey‡R©vqviv‡óªi e¨vswKs A_©bxwZi Øviv cyó nq I Zv‡Kcyó K‡i| G‡`i g‡a¨Kvi LuvwU mvgš—‡`iGKwU Ask evsjv‡`k nIqvi d‡j we‡jv‡cigy‡L cwZZ nq Ges bqv DVwZ jy‡Uiv abx‡`iRb¨ RvqMv †Q‡o †`q---hv‡`i‡K mfvcwZwmivR wmK`vi Qq cvnv‡oi `vjvj e‡jwQ‡jb|Hme be¨ jy‡Uiviv ivóªxq c„ô‡cvlKZvq Zv‡`icuywR mÂq K‡i Ges †K›̀ ªxq ey‡R©vqv A_©bxwZiAsk wn‡m‡e hZUv bv mvgš— Zvi †P‡q †ewkey‡R©vqv PwiÎ cwiMÖn K‡i| MÖvgv‡j wU‡K_v‡K G‡`i bx‡Pi —̄‡i wbw¶ß Avav-mvgš—Zvwš¿K eo abx †kªYx|myZivs cY¨ A_©bxwZ wU‡K i‡q‡Q mvgš—ev`xwfwˇZ A_©vr `xN© kªgmgq, AwZwi³ DØ„Ëg~j¨,A‡`q gRyix, A_©bxwZ ewnf©~Z ej cÖ‡qvMBZ¨vẁ |Av`gRx, †gwkbUzjm& d¨v±wi, KvMRKjBZ¨vẁ i g‡Zv †`kxq e„nr wkí aŸs‡mi gva¨‡gMv‡g©›U‡mi g‡Zv †h me wkí Avwk `kK †_‡K

‡NvlYv I Kg©m~wP8

G‡`‡k M‡o †Zvjv n‡q‡Q Zvi kZKiv beŸBfvM gybvdv P‡j hvq mvgªvR¨ev`x kwcs gj,evwqs nvDR I eo †`vKvb`vi‡`i nv‡Z|Mv‡g©›U‡m eva¨Zvg~jK IfviUvBg, AwZwi³†kvlY, A_©bxwZ ewnf©~Z ej cÖ‡qvM weivRgvb|cÖvq †cŠ‡b GK †KvwU evsjv‡`kx kªwgK we‡`‡kKg©iZ| G‡`i cvVv‡bv †iwgU¨vÝ evsjv‡`‡kiivóªxq Av‡qi GKwU eo Ask MVb K‡i Gesevsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Wjvi gRỳ M‡o †Zv‡j|GBme kªwgK‡`i AwaKvs‡ki †`kxq †kªYxwfw˶z‡` ey‡R©vqv| GQvov G‡`‡k M‡o †Zvjvn‡q‡Q ißvwb †Rvb| Gfv‡e mvgªvR¨ev` G‡`‡kGKwU †ejyb A_©bxwZ Kv‡qg K‡i‡Q hv ‡h†Kv‡bv mgq aŸ‡m †h‡Z cv‡i| Avgv‡`i †`‡kAvgjvZvwš¿K ey‡R©vqv‡kªYxi nv‡Z i‡q‡Qivóª¶gZv| GB ey‡R©vqv‡kªYx A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZI ms¯‹…wZi KZ©„‡Z¡ i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ GB †kªYxmvgªvR¨ev`x A_©bxwZi cÖwZ wb‡eẁ Z|mvgªvR¨ev` Zvi cuywRi AbycÖ‡ek NwU‡qmvgš—ev‡`i wfwËi Ici GB cuywRev` M‡oZz‡j‡Q| GLv‡b mvgš—ev` gv‡b (mvgš— f~̄ ^vgx)_vK‡ZB n‡e Ggb bq, eis †kvl‡Yi c×wZ|Ges Avgv‡`i †`‡k g~jZtB GB K¬vwmKvjmvgš— Abycw̄ ’Z|e„wUk fvi‡Z Dwbk kZ‡Ki †klvs‡k G‡`‡ke„wUk mg_©K AvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev` M‡o I‡V|GB cuywRev` wQj mvgš—ev‡`i mv‡_ hy³ Gese„wUk Dcwb‡ekev‡`i ‡mevq wbhy³| d‡jDwbk kZ‡KB G‡`‡k mvgš—ev` Avav-mvgš—xqiƒcvš—‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| myZivs GB cuywRev`mv¤cÖ`vwqK wfwˇZ ỳB fv‡M wef³ n‡q c‡o1| wn›̀ y mv¤cÖ`vwqK AvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev` hvicÖwZwbwa wQj fviZxq Ks‡MÖm 2| gymwjgmv¤cÖ`vwqK AvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev` hvi cÖwZwbwawQj gymwjg jxM| gnvb i“k wec‡ei cÖfv‡e1920 `k‡K fvi‡Z KwgDwb÷ cvwU© MwVZn‡jI mvgªvR¨ev`, mvgš—ev` I AvgjvZvwš¿KcuywRev‡`i Ici wbf©ikxj cÖwZwµqvkxjeyw×Rxweiv cvwU©i ¶gZv `Lj K‡i Ges cvwU©‡Kwec‡_ cwiPvjbv K‡i| d‡j, MÖvg ẁ ‡q kni†NivI‡qi c_ msÁvwqZ nqwb| G cvw©U©G‡`‡ki K…lK hy×mg~n‡K †bZ…Z¡ ẁ ‡ZA¯̂xK…wZ Rvbvq, Awnsm-Amn‡hvM Ges †kvlK†kªYxmg~‡ni mv‡_ Av‡cv‡li ivRbxwZi c‡¶RbgZ m„wó K‡i| wØZxq gnvhy‡×i mgq GcvwU© Kwg›Uv‡b©i d¨vwmwe‡ivax HK¨d«‡›Ui bv‡gweªwUk Dcwb‡ekev‡`i mv‡_ H‡K¨i jvB‡bPvwjZ nq| fvi‡Zi RbM‡Yi mv‡_ G

wek¦vmNvZKZvi d‡j wn›̀ y I gymwjgmv¤cÖ`vwqKZvev`xiv Gi my‡hvM wb‡q fviZ‡KwbR wbR ¯̂v‡_© wef³ K‡i| d‡j fviZxqAvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev` I cvwK —̄vbxAvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev‡`i D™¢e N‡U hv fviZ IcvwK —̄vb bv‡g ỳwU Avav-Dcwb‡ewkK Avav-mvgš—ev`x iv‡óªi D™¢e NUvq| c~e©evsjvigymwjg msL¨vMwiô K…lK RbMY wn›̀ ymsL¨vMwiô cwðg evsjvi cðv`f~wg‡Z cwiYZn‡qwQj Ges wn›̀ y mv¤cÖ`vwqK mvgš—‡`i KZ©„K†kªYxMZfv‡e †kvwlZ nIqvi cvkvcvwkmv¤cÖ`vwqK wbcxo‡Yi ¯̂xKvi wQj| KwgDwb÷cvwU© KZ©„K G we‡kl ؛؇K wec‡ei gva¨‡gmgvavb bv Kivq G‡`‡ki gymwjg K…lKm¤cÖ`vq cvwK —̄v‡b †hvM`v‡bi c‡¶ †fvU†`q| cybivq cvwK —̄v‡bi g‡a¨ c~e©evsjv cwðgcvwK —̄v‡bi cðv`f~wg‡Z cwiYZ nIqvqc~e©evsjv cwðg cvwK —̄v‡bi Dcwb‡e‡k cwibZnq| gymwjg AvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev` wQj cwðgcvwK —̄vb wfwËK| c~e©evsjvi RbMY‡K †kvl‡Yigva¨‡g †mUv weKwkZ n‡Z _v‡K| KwgDwb÷cvwU© ms‡kvabev`x kvwš—c~Y© jvB‡b PvwjZ nq|RvZxq weKv‡ki RvZxq msMÖvg c~e©evsjvq m~wPZnq Ges gymwjg cuywRev` lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †k‡l¸i“Zi msK‡U cwZZ nq| KwgDwb÷ cvwU©RvZxq msMÖv‡g †bZ…Z¡ †`qbv, AvIqvgx jx‡Mi†bZ…‡Z¡ evOvjx AvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev‡`iweKv‡ki `vex I‡V| GK ch©v‡q AvIqvgx jxM1971-G fvi‡Zi mnvqZvq cvwK —̄v‡bi wei“‡×mk ¿̄ msMÖv‡g wjß nq| 68 mv‡j Kg‡iWwmivR wmK`v‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ gvIev`x MÖvg ẁ ‡qkni †NivI‡qi c_ msÁvwqZ nq| 71-Gc~e©evsjvi me©nviv cvwU© MwVZ nq Ges MYhy‡×igva¨‡g cvwK —̄vbx Jcwb‡ewkK kw³i wei“‡×mk ¿̄ msMÖvg weKvk jvf K‡i| wKš‘ †mvwf‡qZmvgvwRK mvgªvR¨ev‡`i g``cyó fviZxqm¤cÖmviYev` AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mnvqZvq 71-Gi †k‡l cvwK —̄vb‡K nwU‡q G‡`‡kDcwb‡ewkK †kvlY Kv‡qg Ki‡Z m¶g nq|Õ71-G evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi cÖwZôvi ci i“k-fvi‡Zi `vjvj d¨vwm÷ †kL gywR‡ei †bZ…‡Z¡AvIqvwg jxM miKv‡ii ZË¡veav‡b bZzb Rb¥†bIqv AvgjvZvwš¿K ey‡R©vqviv wb‡R‡`i M‡o†Zvjvi Rb¨ e¨vcK jyUZivR ïi“ K‡i| cyuwRm‡qi Rb¨ ivóªxq m¤ú‡`i e¨vcK jyUZiv‡R†`ke¨vcx weivU ỳwf©¶ ‡`Lv †`q hv‡Z j¶j¶ gvby‡li g„Zz¨ N‡U| Aciẁ ‡K c~e©evsjvime©nviv cvwU©i †bZ…‡Z¡ mviv †`‡k MYhy× M‡o

I‡V, GB MYhyׇK †VKv‡Z Ges jyUZivR‡KwbwðZ Ki‡Z i¶x evwnbx bv‡g GK d¨vwm÷evwnbx MVb K‡i miKvi, hvi Øviv nvRvinvRvi gvby‡li cÖvYnvwb N‡U| weivUMYwe‡ ª̀v‡ni gy‡L GK me©Mªvmx msK‡U cwZZnq ivóªhš¿| AvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev` GK ’̄vqxmvaviY msK‡U cÖ‡ek K‡i| d‡j jyUcv‡U cyóAvgjvZvwš¿K ey‡R©vqv‡`i gvwK©bcš’x AskwUi†bZ…‡Z¡ mvgwiK Afÿ Ìvb N‡U|d¨vwm÷ wRqvi †bZ…‡Z¡ mvgwiK evwnbx nvRvinvRvi we‡ ª̀vnx ˆmwbK‡K nZ¨v K‡i| mvgwiK¶gZv‡K e¨envi K‡i weGbwc bv‡g `j MVbK‡i, Z_vKw_Z eû`jxq MYZš¿ cÖeZ©b K‡i,hv gvwK©bcš’x d¨vwm÷ Gikv‡`i †bZ…‡Z¡mvgwiK kvm‡bi Øviv cÖwZ ’̄vwcZ nq| Gikv`AvU eQi mvgwiK kvmb Pvjvq| RbM‡Yi MYAv‡›̀ vjb `gb K‡i| gvIev`x KwgDwb÷‡`imk ¿̄ msMÖvg‡K †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z _v‡K|mvgwiK evwnbxi ¶gZv‡K e¨envi K‡i RvZxqcvwU© MVb K‡i| mvgªvR¨ev`x FY Imn‡hvwMZv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q Gikv` ey‡R©vqviv‡óªi AeKvVv‡gv e¨vcKfv‡e kw³kvwj K‡i,AvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev`x A_©bxwZ‡K Pv½v K‡i†Zv‡j| Õ90 G Gikv` MYAv‡›̀ vj‡bi gy‡Lc`Z¨v‡M eva¨ nq| Zvici `xN© 16 eQid¨vwm÷ Lv‡j`vi †bZ…‡Z¡ ỳBevi Avi d¨vwm÷nvwmbvi †bZ…‡Z¡ GKevi Z_vKw_Z MYZvwš¿KmiKv‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ we‡`kx FYmn‡hvwMZv‡KKv‡R jvwM‡q e¨vsK †jv‡bi gva¨‡g, Avi†`kxq m¤ú` jyUcv‡Ui gva¨‡g weivU GKỳb©xwZevR †kªYx m„wó K‡i| Giv †`‡k GK ’̄vqxỳwf©¶ve ’̄v m„wó K‡i| evievi G‡`i wei“‡×cÖej MYAv‡›̀ vjb m„wó n‡q‡Q| Aciẁ ‡K, LÛweLÛ gvIev`x kw³mg~‡ni mk ¿̄ ZrciZvG‡`i Rb¨ AvZ¼ m„wó K‡i| d‡j, Lv‡j`vi¨ve bv‡g GK d¨vwm÷ evwnbx MVb K‡i, hvi†bZ…‡Z¡ nvRvi nvRvi gvby‡li cÖvYnvwb N‡U‡Q,hv avivevwnKfv‡e me miKvi Pvwj‡q‡Q,eZ©gvb miKviI Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q| Lv‡j`vi cimvgwiK †bZ…‡Z¡ †emvgwiK ZË¡veavqK miKviAvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev‡`i ga¨Kvi k„•Ljv wdwi‡qAvbvi †Póv K‡i e¨_© nq| me©‡kl nvwmbvmiKv‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ _vKv AvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev‡`imvaviY msKU Av‡iv MfxiZi n‡q‡Q|cÖwZwµqvkxj evsjv‡`k miKvi evsjv‡`‡kicuywRev`x ivóªxq e¨vs‡Ki UvKv †kl K‡i†d‡j‡Q| m‡e©v”P gỳ ªvùxwZ I UvKvi gv‡biP~ovš— AebwZ NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q| ª̀e¨g~‡j¨i Pig

KwgDwb÷ cvwU© gvK©mev`x-†jwbbev`x-gvIev`x evsjv‡`kGi 9

e„w×, †Zj, M¨vm I we` ÿ‡Zi `v‡gi eûevie„wׇZ mvaviY gvbyl Rxeb euvwP‡q ivL‡Zwngwkg Lv‡”Qb| K…lKiv dm‡ji `vg Lye Kg†c‡q‡Q| mv‡ii `vg †ewk Ges we ỳ̈ Z I†Z‡ji `v‡gi evisevi e„w×i Kvi‡Y †mPKvh©Pvjv‡Z Zviv LyeB Kg m¶g| GgbwK gvSvwiK…lK‡`i g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB ¯̂í UvKvq Rwg eÜKivL‡Z PvB‡Qb, wKš‘ H cwigvY UvKvIMÖvgv‡j Lye Kg †jv‡KiB Av‡Q, hv‡`i Av‡QZviv kn‡i _v‡K| MÖvgv‡j Avav-mvgš—Zš¿‡KwUwK‡q ‡i‡L AvgjvZvwš¿K ey‡R©vqvivAvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev`‡K †K‡›̀ ª †i‡L Avav-mvgš—Zvwš¿K Avav-Jcwb‡ewkK mgv‡Ri GKKvVv‡gv wbg©vY K‡i‡Q| kªwgK‡`i bÿ bZgcÖK…Z gRyix †bB| KviLvbvq e›̀ x Rxe‡bnvofvOv kªg ẁ ‡qI Zviv cvwievwiK LiP wbe©vnKivi wZb fv‡Mi GKfvM gRyixI cvb bv|ga¨weË †kªYxi A‡b‡KB †kqvi evRv‡ii fqvjaŸ‡m me©̄ ^vš— n‡q AvZ¥nZ¨vi c_ †e‡Qwb‡”Qb| GB hLb Ae ’̄v ZLb wKš‘mvgªvR¨ev‡`i `vjvj ey‡R©vqv †kªbxi †kvlY jyÚb†_‡g †bB| eis †e‡o P‡j‡Q| Zv‡`i cuywRdz‡j †du‡c DV‡Q| miKvix gš¿x‡`i ỳb©xwZcÖKvwkZ| ÔcÙv †mZzÕ cÖK‡íi UvKv ïi“‡ZBAvZ¥mvr K‡i mvgªvR¨ev`x‡`iB Zviv j¾vq†d‡j ẁ ‡q‡Q| GLb gvwK©‡bi cÖwZwbwaBDbym‡K wek¦e¨vs‡Ki †cÖwm‡W›U c` †bqviAvnŸvb Rvwb‡q nvwmbv †kl i¶v Ki‡Z†P‡q‡Q| †ijgš¿xi Nyl nv‡Z bv‡Z aiv c‡o‡Q|fviZxq m¤cÖmvibev`‡K UªvbwR‡Ui bv‡gKwi‡Wvi ẁ ‡q fvi‡Zi AbycÖ‡ek NU‡Z ẁ ‡qmiKvi Zvi `vjvjx KZ©e¨ cvjb K‡i‡Q|c¶vš—‡i wZ —̄v b`xi cvwb evsjv‡`k cvqwb|b`x bvjv aŸsm n‡”Q| cwi‡ek aŸsm n‡”Q|†`‡ki cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` mvgªvR¨ev`x†Kv¤úvbxmg~‡ni nv‡Z †mvc`© Kivi Askwn‡m‡e miKvi ivwkqvi mvgªvR¨ev`x ms ’̄vMRcÖg‡K wb‡q G‡m‡Q| gvwK©b, BD‡ivc, Pxb,Rvcvb, †mŠẁ Avie, fviZ Avi ivwkqv n‡”QmvgªvR¨ev`x I AvwacZ¨ev`x kw³mg~n hvivAvgv‡`i †`‡k Avav-Dcwb‡ewkK †kvlYPvjv‡”Q| ivwkqvi mv‡_ cvigvbweK we ỳ̈ r †K›̀ ªwbg©vY Pzw³ Avi wKQy bq cwi‡ek aŸs‡micvqZviv| gvwK©b mvgªvR¨ev` Avgv‡`i †`‡kcÖavb mvgªvR¨ev` †h Avgv‡`i †`‡k Avav-Dcwb‡ewkK †kvlY cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q| ‡mŠẁAvie G‡`‡k Bmjvgx †gŠjev‡`i I ag©xqmvgš—ev‡`i cÖavb Avw_©K g```vZv| Pxb

G‡`‡k Zvi cb¨mvgMªxi GK weivU evRvi M‡oZz‡j‡Q| fviZxq m¤cÖmviYev` Avgv‡`i†`‡ki RbM‡Yi GKwU †gŠwjK Ø›Ø| gv`K†_‡K ïi“ K‡i Zvi mKj cb¨ mvgMÖxi evRviG‡`k| fviZxq m¤cÖmviYev` wbqwgZ mxgv‡š—evsjv‡`kx RbM‡Yi Ici MYnZ¨v Pvjv‡”Q|m¤cÖwZ †`wk we‡`kx cÖwZwµqvkxjiv GKd¨vwmev`x †Mvcb evwnbx MVb K‡i‡Q hvwe‡ivax‡`i ¸g Ki‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k ïi“ †_‡KBAvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev` GK mvaviY msK‡Ui‡q‡Q hv µgvš̂‡q Mfxi †_‡K MfxiZin‡q‡Q| d¨vwmev` GB msKU †_‡K cwiÎv‡YiAvkvq weKí Zz‡j aivi fvY K‡i hv me©vwaKcÖwZwµqvwkj, GUv wecex I RbM‡Yi Rb¨fqvenZg †kvlY I kvm‡bi cvkvcvwk wbR†kªYxi we‡ivax †Mvôx¸wji IciI GKbvqKZ¡Kv‡qg K‡i| evsjv‡`‡k d¨vwmev‡`i D`vnviYn‡”Q gywReev`, wRqv-Gikv`-ZË¡veavqKmvgwiK ˆ¯̂ivPvi, Lv‡j`v-nvwmbvi ÔMbZvwš¿KÕˆ¯̂ivPvi, ag©xq †gŠjev` cÖf„wZ| Giv Ô‡mvbvievsjvÕ, ÔLvj KvUvi Kg©m~wPÕ, ÔbZzb evsjvÕ,Ô ỳb©xwZ wei“‡× msMÖvgÕ, ÔBmjvgÕ cÖf„wZi bv‡gRbMY‡K cÖZvwiZ Ki‡Z m‡Pó n‡q‡Q| Givi¶x evwnbx, i¨ve, ¸g Kivi evwnbxi gva¨‡gwecex, RbMY, GgbwK wbR †kªYxi we‡ivax†Mvôx¸wji Ici wbg©g wbcxob Pvwj‡q‡Q AviAe¨vnZfv‡e Pvjv‡”Q|Avav mvgš—Zvwš¿K I AvavJcwb‡ewkK mgv‡Riwf‡Zi Ici M‡o IVv Av`¨cvš— cu‡P hvIqvAvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev` I `vjvj ey‡R©vqv †kªYx IAvav-mvgš—Zvwš¿K eo abx †kªYx‡K euvPv‡bvi†Póv mvgwiK A_ev †emvgwiK †Kvb ˆ¯̂ivPvixkvm‡bi ØvivB m¤¢e nqwb| G ‡Póv KL‡bvBmdj n‡ebv| hv cuPbkxj Zv †Kej Av‡iv cu‡Phv‡e, Avi g„Zÿ yi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡e|mvgªvR¨ev` †Kb mvgš—ev`‡K cy‡ivcywi ¶qKi‡Z cv‡i bvbqvMYZvwš¿K wec‡ei A_© n‡jv me©nviv‡kªYxi†bZ…‡Z¡ RbMYZvwš¿K wece| Gi A_© n‡”QAvR‡Ki c„w_ex‡Z RvZxq ey‡R©vqv‡kªYx GB wec-‡e †bZ…Z¡ ẁ ‡Z m¶g bq| GB wecemvgš—ev‡`i DrLv‡Zi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| RvZxqey‡R©vqv‡kªYx AwZ ỳe©j I †`v ỳj¨gvb nIqviKvi‡Y †m Avgjv gyrmywÏ ey‡R©vqv‡kªYxi mv‡_Rwo‡q _v‡K, Zv‡K Avjv`v Kiv hvq bv|myZivs †m mvgš—ev`‡K DrLvZ Ki‡Z m¶gbq| wecex msMÖv‡g me©nviv‡kªYx †bZ…Z¡ ẁ ‡jB†m `vjvj ey‡R©vqv‡`i †_‡K c„_K n‡q me©nviv

†kªYxi †bZ…Z¡vaxb d«‡›U †hvM †`q| me©nviv†kªYx RvZxq ey‡R©vqv †kªYx‡K kZ©vax‡b d«‡›U†bq|mvgªvR¨ev` I mvgš—ev‡`i ga¨Kvi cvi¯úwiKm¤úK© GKwU †`‡ki MYZvwš¿K wece, wecexcwiw̄ ’wZ, ‡kªYxmsMÖv‡gi AMÖMwZ Z_v eûweawel‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i| mvgªvR¨ev`mvgš—ev`‡K ZZUzKzB ¶q K‡i hZUzKz ZvicÖ‡qvRb| GB ¶q Awbevh© wKš‘ aŸsm Awbevh©bq| ¶q nq e‡jB mvgš—ev`‡K aª“cẁ iƒ‡c†`Lv hvq bv| eis Avgjv gyrmywÏ cuywRev` IcY¨ A_©bxwZB „̀k¨gvb| hv eRvq i‡q‡QZvn‡jv mvgš—ev`x †kvl‡Yi c×wZ|K…wl weceK…wl wece n‡”Q bqvMYZvwš¿K wec‡ei A¶|K…wl wece cwiPvjbv K‡iB †Kej K…lKRbMY‡K mgv‡ewkZ Kiv hvq Z_v MYhy×cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq| Gi †Kw›̀ ªq welq n‡”QbmsL¨vMwiô RbMY| GivB n‡”Qb wec‡ei cÖavbkw³| †`‡ki A_©bxwZ n‡jv g~jZt K…wlA_©bxwZ| f~wgnxb I Mixe K…lKiv n‡”QbK…l‡Ki 80% Ges mgMÖ †`‡ki RbmsL¨viA‡a©‡KiI †ewk n‡”Qb GivB|Avgv‡`i †`‡k KL‡bvB f~wg wece N‡Uwb|mvgš—ev` Acmvi‡Yi ỳ&B ai‡Yi Kg©m~wPi‡q‡QÑÑf~̄ ^vgx c_ 2. K…lK c_cÖ_g c_wU cÖwZwµqvkxj c_| G c‡_mvgš—ev‡`i mv‡_ mvgªvR¨ev‡`i AvuZv‡Zi d‡jewYK cuywR Z_v Avav mvgš—Z‡š¿i D™¢e N‡U|d‡j mvgš—ev` cy‡iv DrLvZ nqbv| eis GBcðv`c` †kvl‡Yi c×wZ‡K mvgªvR¨ev` Kv‡RjvMvq|wØZxq c_wU n‡”Q K…lK c_| GB c_ wecexc_| G c‡_ me©nviv †kªYxi †bZ…‡Z¡ f~wgnxb IMixe K…lK mvgš—ev`, AvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev` ImvgªvR¨ev‡`i DrLvZ NUvq| GB c_mvgš—ev`‡K wecex Dcv‡q DrLvZ K‡i|bqvMYZvwš¿K wece n‡”Q GB ỳB c‡_iga¨Kvi Ø›Ø| mvgš—ev` n‡”Q mvgªvR¨ev` IAvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev‡`i wfwË|K…lK c‡_ f~wgnxb I Mwie K…lKiv †kªYxkΓiRwg I m¤úwË `Lj K‡i| f~wge›Ub m¤ú‡K©Avgv‡`i †`‡k aviYv n‡”Q Rwg LÊ LÊ K‡icÖwZwU f~wgnxb I Mixe K…l‡Ki g‡a¨ e›UbKiv| myZivs Rwg LyeB ¶z ª̀ fv‡M fvM n‡qhv‡e GB fxwZ A‡bK mgv‡jvP‡Ki g‡a¨BweivRgvb| Avm‡j ev —̄e cwiw̄ ’wZ Abyhvqx Avi

‡NvlYv I Kg©m~wP10

K…l‡Ki †PZbvi gvb Abyhvqx LÊ LÊ e›Ub n‡ebv †hŠ_ Lvgvi bv ivóªxq Lvgvi n‡e Zv wba©vwiZn‡e|f~wg e›U‡bi wei“‡× Av‡iKwU hyw³ †h, †`‡kRwg Kg, RbmsL¨v †ewk| Kvh©Zt †`‡ki †gvUK…wl Rwgi GKvs‡k cwiKwíZ Dcv‡q Pvlvev`K‡i weivU djb NUv‡bv m¤¢e| †`kxq cÖvK…wZKmvi, b`x-bvjv I cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i GUvm¤¢e|K…wl wece‡K evwZj Kivi Rb¨ ÔweK…ZcuywRev`Õ-Gi cÖe³viv DcwiD³ hyw³ †`q|Zviv Av‡iv e‡j †h †kªYxkΓi nv‡Z ch©vß Rwg†bB, Kvi KvQ †_‡K Rwg †b‡eb| †kªYxkΓinv‡Z D‡jL‡hvM¨ Rwg bv‡g I †ebv‡g i‡q‡Q|†KvU© KvPvix _vbv cywj‡ki mnvqZvq Giv hyMhyM a‡i A_©bxwZ ewnf©~Z ejcÖ‡qvM, cÖZviYv Ibvbvwea mvgš—Zvwš¿K-cuywRZvwš¿K †kvl‡YicÖwµqvq Mixe I gvSwi K…lK‡`i AwaKvskRwgB MÖvm K‡i‡Q| †mme Rwg D×vi KivUvIf~wg wec‡ei Ask| ÔweK…Z cuywRev`Õ-Z‡Ë¡icÖe³iv Avm‡j f~wgi Avg~j wecex iƒcvš—i‡K†ev‡S bv|ga¨weË †kªYxmg~nAvgv‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK we‡klY †_‡K GUvcwi®‹vi †h GLv‡b Zxeª †kªYx †gi“KiY msNwUZn‡q‡Q| ga¨weË †kªYxi AwaKvsk Avav-me©nviv—̄‡i †b‡g †M‡Q, hviv wec‡e me©nviv †kªYxi „̀p

wgÎ| wbgœ ga¨weË AskwU I gvSvwi —̄‡iiAskwUi †Zj, M¨vm, we ỳ̈ ‡Zi eûevi `vg e„w×,‡eKviZ¡, †kqvi evRv‡ii wech©q, evowZ K‡ii†evSv Ges ª̀e¨gy‡j¨i fqven e„wׇZRxebhvÎvi µgvebwZ NU‡Q| wbgœ ga¨weËAskwU wec‡e me©nviv †kªYxi wbKUZg wgÎ|gvSvwi AskwU wec‡ei †`v ỳj¨gvb wgÎ|ga¨we‡Ëi D”PZi AskwU †kvlK‡kªYxi mv‡_MuvUQov euvav| G‡`i‡K wecex msMÖv‡giAMÖMwZ‡Z kZ© mv‡c‡¶ HK¨e× Kiv hvq|evsjv‡`‡ki mvgvwRK A_©‰bwZK e¨e ’̄v n‡”QAvav-Dcwb‡ewkK Avav-mvgš—ev`x hvi †K‡›̀ ªi‡h‡Q AvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev`Avav-mvgš—Z‡š¿i mv‡_ K…lK RbZvi Ø›ØBn‡jv wec‡ei eZ©gvb ch©v‡q cÖavb Ø›ØAvgjvZvwš¿K ey‡R©vqv †kªYxi †K›̀ ªxq KvVv‡gviAaxb Zvi bx‡Pi —̄‡ii Avav-mvgš—Zvwš¿K eoabx †kªYxi mv‡_ kªwgK-K…lK e¨vcK RbM‡YiØ›ØB n‡”Q K…wl wec‡ei ch©v‡q ‡kªYxMZfv‡ecÖavb Ø›ØmvgªvR¨ev`x wek¦e¨e ’̄vax‡b c~e©evsjvi mgvR

weKv‡ki avivq cÖwZeÜK n‡”Q Avavmvgš—Zvwš¿K Avav Dcwb‡ewkK e¨e ’̄v hviAcmvi‡Yi gva¨‡g bqvMYZvwš¿K wece mgvavn‡e, hvi RvZxq I MYZvwš¿K G ỳ‡Uv ẁ ‡Kig‡a¨ AvR‡K MYZvwš¿K ẁ KwU cÖavb| A_©vrAvav mvgš—Zvwš¿K e¨e ’̄vB cÖavb mgm¨v|wKš‘ †kªYx wn‡m‡e GB e¨e ’̄v‡K i¶v Ki‡QmvgªvR¨ev`, m¤cÖmviYev`, AvgjvZvwš¿KcuywRev` I mvgš—ev‡`i cÖwZwbwa AvgjvZvwš¿Key‡R©vqv‡kªYx hvi i‡q‡Q †Kw›̀ ªq ivóª, msm`,e¨vsK, wkí, ivR‰bwZK `j I ‰mb¨evwnbx|A_©vr ivR‰bwZK ¶gZvq Giv Avmxb| wKš‘†kªYx wn‡m‡e Giv ¯̂vaxb bq, Giv mvgªvR¨ev‡`i`vjvj| d‡j GB †kªYxwU‡K DrLvZ K‡i wecemvab Ki‡Z n‡e †h‡nZz ivR‰bwZK ¶gZv`LjB wec‡ei †Kw›̀ ªq cÖkœ| myZivs GB†kªYxwUi DrLvZ GKB mv‡_ mvgªvR¨ev`-m¤cÖmviYev`-AvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev` Imvgš—ev` DrLv‡Zi mv‡_ hy³| wKš‘ mvgš—Zš¿DrLvZ e¨ZxZ cuywRev` I mvgªvR¨ev`‡KDrLv‡Z Av‡MB hvIqv hvqbv BwZnv‡mi e ‘̄ev`xwbqgvbymv‡i| ZvB, wec‡ei eZ©gvb c‡e© GwUcÖavbZt K…wl wece| mvgš—Zvwš¿K e¨e ’̄vDrLvZB n‡”Q GLbKvi cÖavb KiYxq| wKš‘g‡b ivLv `iKvi †h †kªYx wn‡m‡e AvgjvZvwš¿Key‡R©vqvi †Kw›̀ ªq KvVv‡gvi Aaxb GLv‡bmvgš—ev`xiv Ges AvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev` M‡oIVvi cÖwµqvq Giv eo ey‡R©vqv‡`i bx‡Pi —̄‡iwbw¶ß n‡q‡Q| myZivs GB mvgš—ev`xivAvgjvZvwš¿K ey‡R©vqv‡`i †mev K‡i _v‡K,K…lK‡`i AwZwi³ DØ„Ëg~j¨ †kvlY K‡i Givey‡R©vqv e¨vs‡K iv‡L, e¨emv I wk‡í wewb‡qvMK‡i| c¶vš—‡i AvgjvZvwš¿K ey‡R©vqviv Zv‡`ie¨vsK FY ẁ ‡q mn‡hvwMZv K‡i, _vbv-cywjk†KvU© KvPvix ẁ ‡q mn‡hvwMZv K‡i|MÖvgv‡j †kvlK‡`i g‡a¨ mvgš—Zvwš¿Kˆewkó¨B GLb ch©š— cÖavb| mvgš—ev`xiv mỳ xKvievi, A_©bxwZ ewnf©yZ ejcÖ‡qvM, cÖZviYv,ỳb©xwZ cÖf„wZi gva¨‡g AwZwi³ DØ„Ë g~j¨†kvlY K‡i _v‡K| GQvov a‡g©i e¨enviIMÖvgv‡j A‡bK kw³kvjx| bvix‡`i IciAe‡iva Av‡ivc, eû weevn, ZvjvK, †hŠZzKcÖ_v BZ¨vẁ LyeB kw³kvwj| †kvwlZ jvwÂZGB bvixivB Avevi mvgš—Zvwš¿K KvVv‡gv †f‡Okn‡i Mv‡g©›U‡m hy³ n‡q‡Qb, wKš‘ †mLv‡bIZviv AwZwi³ DØ„Ëg~j¨ †kvl‡bi ¯̂xKvi|m¤úwˇZ bvix‡`i mgAwaKvi ¯̂xK…Z bvnIqvUv mvgš—Zš¿ kw³kvwj nIqv‡K †`Lvq|

gv ª̀vmv e¨e ’̄v‡K kw³kvwj Kivi gva¨‡g,d‡Zvqv cÖ`vb ˆea Kivi gva¨‡g Ges ag©xqwk¶v‡K eva¨Zvg~jK Kivi gva¨‡g ivóªmvgš—Zš¿‡K AwaKZi kw³kvwj K‡i‡Q|GB AvgjvZvwš¿K ey‡R©vqv‡`i gva¨‡gmvgªvR¨ev` evsjv‡`‡k Zvi Avav Dcwb‡ekKv‡qg K‡i‡Q| Gi A_© n‡jv hZ¶Y ch©š—Zvi cÖwZ wb‡eẁ Z ZZ¶Y mvgªvR¨ev`evsjv‡`k‡K ivR‰bwZK ¯̂vaxbZv Aby‡gv`b†`q| wKš‘ †h ‡Kvb mgq †h †Kvb mvgªvR¨ev`xkw³ †h †Kvb Ahynv‡Z Avgv‡`i †`k `LjK‡i wb‡Z cv‡i, A_©vr cy‡ivcywi Dcwb‡e‡kcwiYZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| myZivs Avav-Dcwb‡ekg~jZt Dcwb‡ekB| GUvB n‡jv mfvcwZ wmivRwmK`v‡ii aviYv| myZivs Avgv‡`i wec‡eiAci GKwU ẁ K n‡jv RvZxq wece| A_©vrmvgªvR¨ev`‡K DrLvZ Kiv| GKwU ch©v‡qmvgªvR¨ev` mivmwi n —̄‡¶c Ki‡j RvZxqwece cÖavb n‡e| hLb f~wg wece msNwUZ nqZL‡bv †MŠbZt RvZxq wece msNwUZ nq|Avevi hLb RvZxq wece msNwUZ nq ZL‡bvf~wg wece †MŠYZt N‡U|Avav Dcwb‡e‡ki Dcwb‡ek _vK‡Z cv‡i‡`kxq ؇›Øi †¶‡Î wmivR wmK`vi 71 c~e© I71 cieZ©x‡Z h_vµ‡g cvwK —̄vbx Jcwb‡ewkKkw³i mv‡_ RvwZq ؛؇K I fviZxqm¤cÖmviYev‡`i mv‡_ c~e©evsjvi RbM‡YiRvZxq ؛؇K D‡jL K‡iwQ‡jb| 71-GfviZxq `Lj`vwi‡Z¡i gva¨‡g cvwK —̄v‡bi ’̄‡jfviZxq m¤cÖmviYev` cÖavb ؇›Ø cwiYZ nq|wbcxwoZ †`k¸wji g‡a¨ †KvbwU Aci wbcxwoZ†`‡ki Rb¨ ev wbR †`‡ki Acivci wbcxwoZRvwZmg~‡ni Rb¨ cÖavb Ø›Ø n‡q †h‡Z cv‡iGwU wmivR wmK`v‡ii GKwU ZË¡| A_©vr AvavDcwb‡e‡ki Dcwb‡ek _vK‡Z cv‡i| GBZË¡‡K cÖwZôv Ki‡Z wmivR wmK`vi‡Kms‡kvabev‡`i mv‡_ Zxeª msMÖvg Pvjv‡Zn‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡gv³ †`kwU Avav Dcwb‡ewkKnIqvq mvgªvR¨ev‡`i Aaxb, wKš‘ Gi RvZxqAvgjvZvwš¿K GK‡PwUqv cuywRev‡`i weKvk Ab¨RvwZmg~n ev Ab¨ †`k‡K Aaxb K‡i †dj‡Zcv‡i| GUv wecec~e© ivwkqvI †`Lv †M‡Q|Kg‡iW wmivR wmK`v‡ii Dcwb‡ek msµvš—ZË¡ †_‡K Av‡bvqvi Kexi wePz¨Z n‡q bqvDcwb‡ek m~ÎvqY MÖnY K‡i hv Avwki `k‡Kبv_©‡evaKZv †_‡K wQj mgš̂qev` Ges beŸB`k‡K Z…wZq Ks‡MÖ‡mi ci †_‡K cwi®‹vifv‡ems‡kvabev`x| bqv Dcwb‡ek msµvš— ZË¡wU

KwgDwb÷ cvwU© gvK©mev`x-†jwbbev`x-gvIev`x evsjv‡`kGi 11

n‡”Q µz‡ðfxq ZË¡ hv gvIev`xiv eR©b K‡iG‡m‡Q|Rjevqy cwieZ©bmvgªvR¨ev` I cuywRev` AwZ gybvdvi †jv‡fAvgv‡`i MÖnwU‡K aŸs‡mi ØvicÖv‡š— wb‡q †M‡Q|evsjv‡`‡k Z_vKw_Z cuywRev`x Dbœqb e¨vcKỳl‡Yi gva¨‡g cwi‡ek aŸsm K‡i ẁ ‡q‡Q,GK`v Mnxb Ai‡Y¨i evsjv GLb ebïb¨ cÖvq|Giv b`x¸‡jv‡K ˆRweK g„Zz¨i ẁ ‡K †V‡jẁ ‡q‡Q| K…wÎgfv‡e Wvqwiqv, Avgvkq,UvBd‡qW, †ncvUvBwUm cÖf„wZ †ivM m„wóKi‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki Dcwb‡ewkK I Avav-Dcwb‡ewkK weKvk RbMY‡K eb¨v I N~wY©So†gvKv‡ejvq A¶g K‡i Zz‡jv‡Q| f~Mf©̄ ’ cvwbi‰eÁvwbK Ace¨env‡ii dj wn‡m‡e RbMY †cqcvwb‡Z Av‡m©wbK `~lY †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Qb|Dcwb‡ekev` I Avav-Dcwb‡ekev` †kvl‡YiGK AÜ weKv‡ki cÖwµqvi ẁ ‡K avweZ K‡i‡QGi GK gyj¨ wn‡m‡e cÖK…wZi fvimvg¨ aŸsmK‡i|mvgªvR¨ev`x I cuywRev`x †kvlY kni I MÖv‡gig‡a¨ GK †gŠwjK Ø›Ø m„wó K‡i‡Q| MÖvg¸wj‡KaŸsm K‡i AcwiKwíZ bMivq‡bi gva¨‡gkn‡ii Z_vKw_Z Dbœqb Kiv n‡”Q| d‡jkn‡i QyU‡Q gvbyl| GLb †`‡ki cÖvq GKPZz_©vsk gvbyl kn‡i evm K‡i hv‡`i Mo AvqMÖv‡gi gvby‡li cÖvq wظY| wec‡ei gva¨‡gc„w_ex‡K i¶v Kiv bv †M‡j Gi aŸsm †VKv‡bvm¤¢e bq|

Avš—R©vwZK jvBb

wek kZ‡Ki mgvRZš¿ I KwgDwbR‡gi Rb¨ỳwbqv‡Rvov msMÖv‡gi A‡bK A‡bK euvK†cwo‡q wek¦ hLb GKzk kZ‡K cÖ‡ek K‡i‡QZLb Av‡iv cwi¯‹vifv‡e duy‡U D‡V‡QKwgDwbR‡gi gnvb j¶¨, Ab¨ †Kvb wKQy bq|1848 mv‡j Kvj© gvK©m I †d«WvwiK G‡½jmÔ ỳwbqvi gR ỳi GK nI!Õ †NvlYv Kivi mv‡_mv‡_ GB gnvb Av`wk©K msMÖvg ïi“ n‡q hvq,Zvici gvbe RvwZ cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Q Acwi‡gqAvZ¥`vb I gnvb msMÖvgmg~n| 1871 mv‡jc¨vix KwgDb, 1917 mv‡j i“k wece, 1949mv‡j Pxb wece Avi 1966-1976 mv‡ji gnvbme©nviv mvs¯‹…wZK wece wQj me©nviv †bZ…‡Z¡GB j‡¶¨ gnvb me wecemg~n| Zvici †ci“,†bcvj, evsjv‡`k, fviZ, wdwjcvBb, Zzi¯‹mn

mviv ỳwbqvq MYhy‡×i bZzbme DÌvbmg~nAvR‡K wek¦‡K c_ †`Lv‡”Q †mB j‡¶¨i ẁ ‡K|KwgDwbR‡gi gZev` gvK©m KZ©„K gvK©mev‡`.†jwbb KZ©„K †jwbbev‡` Avi gvI KZ…©KgvIev‡` weKwkZ n‡q‡Q| AvR‡K GB gZev`Ae¨vnZfv‡eB weKwkZ n‡q P‡j‡Q|gvIev‡`i AwZ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© e³e¨t mvgªvR¨ev‡`iAvqy 50 †_‡K 100 eQi, wece n‡”Q cÖavbcÖeYZv, nq wece hyׇK †VKv‡e, bq‡Zv hy×wece‡K †W‡K Avb‡e| AvR‡Ki we‡k¦iev —̄eZv GB e³e¨¸‡jvi h_v_©Zv cÖgvY K‡i|gvwK©b mvgªvR¨ev` hZB wek¦e¨vcx GKKAvwac‡Z¨i Rb¨ †Póv Pvjv‡”Q, ZZB wbcxwoZRvwZ I RbM‡Yi P¨v‡j‡Äi gy‡LvgywL n‡”Q|cÖwZẁ b mvgªvR¨ev` RbM‡Yi Ici hy× Pvwc‡qẁ ‡”Q, Avi RbMY hy‡×i gva¨‡g Zv‡K†gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Qb| gvwK©b mvgªvR¨ev‡`i GKKAvwacZ¨‡K P¨v‡jÄ Ki‡Q AcivcimvgªvR¨ev`x kw³mg~nI| mvgªvR¨ev`†Kvbfv‡eB hy× Gov‡Z cvi‡Q bv Avi wbcxwoZRbMY wecex hy‡×i cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡”Qb| GB n‡”Qev —̄eZv|Avš—R©vwZK jvBb GKwU KwgDwb÷ cvwU©ijvB‡bi AwZ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ask| †Kbbv me©nviv†kªYx n‡”Q Avš—R©vwZK †kªYx| cÖwZwU †`‡kime©nviv †kªYx n‡”Q Avš—R©vwZK me©nviv †kªYxiGK GKUv evwnbx| †Pqvig¨vb gvI wZb wek¦w_wm‡mi gva¨‡g mgKvjxb we‡k¦i Ø›Ø we‡kl‡bGwM‡qwQ‡jb hv‡K Pxbv ms‡kvabev`xivavgvPvcv ẁ ‡qwQj| †Pqvig¨vb gvI Zuviw_wm‡mi wfwˇZ wek¦ wec‡ei iYbxwZ IiY‡KŠkj cÖwZôv Ki‡Z GwM‡qwQ‡jb| †mBwfwˇZ AvR‡Ki we‡k¦i g~j ؛ظ‡jv wbgœiƒct1) mvgªvR¨ev`x civkw³ (GLb †KejgvÎgvwK©b) I mvgªvR¨ev`x kw³mg~n ebvg wbcxwoZRvwZ I RbM‡Yi Ø›Ø| GB ؇›Øi kuvm wbwnZi‡q‡Q civkw³i mv‡_ ؇›Ø| Gi mgvavb n‡”QbqvMYZvwš¿K wece|2) mvgªvR¨ev`x‡`i wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨Kvi Ø›ØK) mvgªvR¨ev`x civkw³ gvwK©‡bi mv‡_mvgªvR¨ev`x kw³ †hgb ivwkqv, d«vÝ, Pxb,e„‡Ub I Rvcvb BZ¨vẁ i Ø›ØL) †QvU mvgªvR¨ev`x kw³mgy‡ni wb‡R‡`ig‡a¨Kvi Ø›ØGB Ø›Ø we‡k¦ GKvwac‡Z¨i R‡b¨ jyÚ‡bimvgªvR¨ev`x hy‡× PvwjZ K‡i hv‡K me©nviv †kªYxAek¨B Mbhy‡×i Øviv Ges Pzovš—Z wek¦MYhy‡×i Øviv we‡ivwaZv Ki‡e|

3) ey‡R©vqv ebvg me©nviv †kªYxi Ø›ØGB ؇›Øi mgvavb n‡”Q mgvRZvwš¿K weceGes AZtci mvs¯‹…wZK wece|mvgªvR¨ev` ebvg wbcxwoZ RvwZ I RbM‡YiØ›ØB n‡”Q wek¦ch©v‡q AvR‡K cÖavb Ø›Ø|mfvcwZ wmivR wmK`vi gvI‡qi bxwZ AbymiYK‡i ‡mvwf‡qZ mvgvwRK mvgªªvR¨ev`‡KI D‡jLK‡iwQ‡jb mvgªvR¨ev`x wkwe‡ii g‡a¨| Kg‡iWMbmv‡jv I wcwmwcI Avwki `k‡K GUv D‡jLK‡iwQ‡jv, eZ©gv‡b Gi Aw̄ —Z¡ †bB|mgvRZvwš¿K we‡k¦i Aw̄ —Z¡ GLb bv _vKvqmvgªvR¨ev`x we‡k¦i mv‡_ mgvRZvwš¿K we‡k¦iØ›Ø GLb Aw̄ —Z¡gvb bq| ‡`kxq ؇›Øi †¶‡ÎwmivR wmK`vi 71 c~e© mgqKv‡j cvwK —̄vbxJcwb‡ewkK kw³i mv‡_ RvwZq ؛؇K cÖavbe‡jwQ‡jb Ges 71 cieZ©x‡Z D‡jLK‡iwQ‡jb †h fviZxq `Lj`vwi‡Z¡i gva¨‡gfviZxq m¤cÖmviYev‡`i mv‡_ c~e©evsjviRbM‡Yi RvZxq Ø›Ø cÖavb ؇›Ø cwiYZn‡q‡Q| wbcxwoZ †`k¸wji g‡a¨ †KvbwU wbR†`‡ki †Kvb RvwZi A_ev Aci wbcxwoZ†`‡ki Rb¨ cÖavb Ø›Ø n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i GwUwmivR wmK`v‡ii GKwU ZË¡| A_©vr AvavDcwb‡e‡ki Dcwb‡ek _vK‡Z cv‡i| GBZË¡‡K cÖwZôv Ki‡Z wmivR wmK`vi‡Kms‡kvabev‡`i mv‡_ Zxeª msMÖvg Pvjv‡Zn‡q‡Q| cÖ_‡gv³ †`kwU Avav Dcwb‡ewkKnIqvq mvgªvR¨ev‡`i Aaxb, wKš‘ Gi RvZxqAvgjvZvwš¿K GK‡PwUqv cuywRev‡`i weKvk wbR†`‡ki wbcxwoZ ‡Kvb RvwZ‡K A_ve Ab¨†`k‡K Aaxb K‡i †dj‡Z cv‡i| GUv wecec~e©ivwkqvI †`Lv †M‡Q|mvgªvR¨ev` I mg —̄ cÖwZwµqvkxjiv n‡”QKv¸‡R evN| KwgDwb÷‡`i KZ©„KmvgªvR¨ev‡`i aŸsm Awemsev`x mZ¨|Avš—R©vwZK KwgDwb÷ Av‡›̀ vj‡b ỳw&U †mªvZKvh©Ki i‡q‡Qt Avš—R©vwZK me©nviv Av‡›̀ vjbGes RvZxq gyw³ Av‡›̀ vjb| cÖ_gwU †bZ…Z¡K‡i Ges wØZxqwU n‡”Q wfwË|Gwkqv, Avwd«Kv I jvwZb Av‡gwiKv wek¦ wec-‡ei SwUKv †K›̀ ª|gvI wZb we‡k¦i c„_KxKiY K‡i mvgªvR¨ev`xcivkw³¸wj‡K cÖ_g wek¦, mvgªvR¨ev`x †QvUkw³mg~n‡K wØZxq wek¦ Avi Gwkqv, Avwd«KvI jvwZb Av‡gwiKvi wbcxwoZ †`k¸wj‡KZ…wZq wek¦ A_©vr c„w_exi MÖvgvÂj wn‡m‡ewPw! ýZ K‡ib| gvI‡qi GB we‡klY‡KweK…Z K‡i †`s †kªYx mgš̂qev`x ms‡kvabev`x

‡NvlYv I Kg©m~wP12

wZb wek¦ ZË¡ cÖ`vb K‡i hv cÖwZwµqvkxj|gvK©mev`‡K Rb¥ †_‡KB ms‡kvabev‡`i wei“‡×Avš—R©vwZK msMÖvg Pvjv‡Z n‡q‡Q| gvK©m IG‡½jm cÖuy‡av I ˆbivR¨ev‡`i wei“‡×,Wÿ wis‡qi m„Rbkxj weKv‡ki bv‡g `w¶Ycš’xwePz¨wZi wei“‡× Ges Rvg©vb †mvk¨vj†W‡gvµ¨vwUK cvwU©‡Z D™¢~Z myweavev`xAe ’̄vbmg~‡ni wei“‡× msMÖvg cwiPvjbv K‡ib|†jwbb‡K evY©̄ —vBb I KvDrw̄ ‹i m„ó cy‡iv‡bvms‡kvabev‡`i wei“‡×, bqv Kv›Uev‡`ifveev‡`i wei“‡× msMÖvg Pvjv‡Z n‡q‡Q|†jwb‡bi avivevwnKZvq —̄vwjb Îrw̄ ‹,wR‡bvwf‡qf I Kv‡g‡b‡fi wePz¨wZi wei“‡× 13eQi msMÖvg Pvjvb| 1937 mv‡j Gi Dcmsnvinq| welqwU cÖkvmwbKfv‡e gxgvswmZ n‡q‡QGUv mZ¨ bq| Kg‡iW gvI †`wL‡q‡Qb Kg‡iW—̄vwj‡bi HwZ‡n¨i kZKiv 70 fvM wQj

mwVK| Kg‡iW —̄vwjb Ø›Øev`mn wewfbœ cÖ‡kœ†h fyj K‡iwQ‡jb Zv wQj GKRb gnvbKg‡i‡Wi fyj| wØZxq gnvhy&×KvjxbAvš—R©vwZK KwgDwb÷ Av‡›̀ vj‡bi, BZvjx-d«vÝ BZ¨vẁ †`‡k ms‡kvabev`x‡`if~wgKvm‡gZ Kg‡iW —̄vwj‡bi fywgKvi ch©vßwe‡klY AvR‡K KwgDwb÷ wn‡m‡e Avgv‡`iAZ¨š— cÖ‡qvRbxq| ẁ wg·fi †bZ…‡Z¡d¨vwmev`‡K mwVKfv‡e msÁvwqZ Kiv n‡qwQjGK‡PwUqv cuywRev‡`i me©vwaK cÖwZwµqvkxjAsk wn‡m‡e, wKš‘ Gi wei“‡× d¨vwmev`we‡ivax ey‡R©vqv‡`i‡K wb‡q ccyjvi d«‡›Ui ‡hZË¡ †`Iqv n‡qwQj Zvi g‡a¨ „̀e©jZv wQj| Gỳe©jZv n‡”Q G‡Z KwgDwb÷ cvwU© I me©nviv†kªYxi †bZ…‡Z¡i M¨vivw›U wQjbv, d‡j ‡mBmy‡hv‡M BD‡ivc, fviZmn mviv ỳwbqvqKwgDwb÷‡`i nvZ †_‡K Av‡›̀ vj‡bi †bZ…Z¡ey‡R©vqviv KivqË K‡i ‡d‡j| Rvg©vbx I fvi‡ZKwgDwb÷ cvwU© GgbwK mv¤cÖ`vwqK †kªYx؇›ØiAw̄ —Z¡ ch©š— Avwe®‹vi Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q hvRvg©vbx‡Z d¨vwmev`x‡`i Rb¨ Avi fvi‡ZAvgjvZvwš¿K ey‡R©vqv‡`i Rb¨ RvqMv †Q‡oẁ ‡qwQj| †Pqvig¨vb gvI bqv MYZ‡š¿i Z‡Ë¡igva¨‡g Gi ZvwË¡K mgvavb K‡iwQ‡jb †hLv‡bme©nviv †kªYxi †bZ…‡Z¡i M¨vivw›U i‡q‡Q, †hLv‡bAe¨vnZ wec‡ei K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, †hLv‡bey‡R©vqv MYZvwš¿K wece wek¦ me©nviv wec‡eiAsk Ges Ae¨vnZfv‡e Zv mgvRZ‡š¿ IZrcieZ©x‡Z mvg¨ev`x mgv‡Ri ẁ ‡K GwM‡qP‡j|wjD kvDwP, †Zsmn Px‡bi Af¨š—‡ii

ms‡kvabev`x‡`i ‡gvKv‡ejv Kivi cvkvcvwk‡Pqvig¨vb gvI †bZ…Z¡ †`b Avš—R©vwZK —̄‡iµzðfxq ms‡kvabev` †gvKv‡ejv IcivwRZKi‡Y| µzðf gvK©mev`x Av‡›̀ vj‡bey‡R©vqv cvj©v‡g›Uvix kvwš—c~Y© c_, wec‡eie`‡j kvwš—c~Y© DËiY Ges mvgªvR¨ev‡`i mv‡_kvwš—c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi ZË¡ DÌvcb K‡iwQj|†Pqvig¨vb gvI‡qi g„Zz¨i ci ms‡kvabev`xivPx‡bi ¶gZv KivqË Kivi ci gvI‡qi wZbwek¦ msµvš— ZË¡‡K weK…Z K‡i ‡kªYxmn‡hvwMZvi GK ms‡kvabev`x w_wmm nvwRiK‡i hv‡Z µzðfxq ms‡kvabev‡`i g‡ZvB wbR†`‡ki `vjvj ey‡R©vqv‡`i mv‡_ mn‡hvwMZv GesGK mvgªvR¨ev`xi wei“‡× Aci mvgªvR¨ev`ximv‡_ H‡K¨i K_v e‡j| G‡K gvIcš’xivAvš—R©vwZKfv‡e ‡gvKv‡ejv K‡i‡Qb| Av‡bvqvi‡nvRv bqv UªUw̄ ‹ev‡` AatcwZZ n‡q gvI‡mZzOwPš—vavivi Ici GK mvwe©K AvµgY cwiPvjbvK‡i hv‡K gvIcš’x‡`i Avš—R©vwZKfv‡e†gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡kwRqvDwÏb c~e©evsjvi me©nviv cvwU©‡K †nvRvims‡kvabev‡`i wfwˇZ wef³ Ki‡Z m‡Pón‡qwQj| GQvov me©nviv cvwU©i evB‡i AvãyjnK wQj Av‡iK †nvRvcš’x| gvI g„Zz¨cieZ©x‡Z Px‡bi ms‡kvabev‡`i iƒcvš—‡ii cimsKURbK cwiw̄ ’wZ‡Z gvIcš’xiv cybivqHK¨e× nIqvi cÖ‡Póv MÖnY K‡i| G‡¶‡Îme©vwaK ¸i“Z¡cyb© n‡”Q †ci“i KwgDwb÷ cvwU©KZ©„K gvIev` m~Îvqb| 84 mv‡j GK bqvKwgDwb÷ Avš—R©vwZ‡Ki j‡¶¨ wecexAvš—R©vwZKZvev`x Av‡›̀ vj‡bi D™¢e GKwU¸i“Z¡c~b© AMÖc`‡¶c n‡jI Av‡bvqvi Kex‡ii†bZ…‡Z¡ c~evmcvmn wig wcwmwci AMÖmi gZev`MÖnY bv K‡i gvI wPš—vaviv m~Îvq‡Y AvU‡K_v‡K| gvIev` cÖwZôvq wi‡gi g‡a¨ wcwmwci`xN© msMÖvg Ges †ci“‡Z MYhy‡×i weKv‡ki djwn‡m‡e 1992 mv‡j wig KZ©„K gvIev` M„nxZnq| wKš‘ cÖwZôv †_‡KB wi‡gi we‡klZt GiKwgwUi †fZi GfvwKqv‡bi GKvwacZ¨ev`we‡ivwa msMÖvg Pvjv‡Z n‡q‡Q A‡bK cvwU©‡KB|96 mv‡j †bcv‡j MYhy× m~wPZ n‡j wigKwgwUi gvidZ Gi Ici GfvwKqvbev‡`icÖfve m„wói cÖ‡Póv P‡j| †bcv‡ji MYhy×kZKiv AvwkfvM GjvKv `Lj Kivi c‡iI†bcv‡ji KwgDwb÷ cvwU© (gvIev`x) cÖP‡Êi†bZ…‡Z¡ ms‡kvabev`x‡Z cwiYZ nq|GfvwKqvb BwZg‡a¨B Zvi gvK©mev` we‡ivwagZev` nvwRi K‡i‡Q| GfvwKqvb I cÖPÊ

Df‡qB gvK©mev` eR©b K‡i hv m„wó K‡i Zvn‡”Q GfvwKqvbev` I cÖPÊev`| wi‡gi KwgwUi†bZ…Z¡ `Lj K‡i Giv wi‡gi we‡jvc NUv‡bvq†bZ…Z¡ ẁ ‡q‡Q| KwgDwb÷‡`i wb‡R‡`i mvwiiga¨ †_‡K GfvwKqvbev`x I cÖPÊev`xivgvIev`x bxwZmg~n‡K we‡ivwaZv ïi“ K‡i| GivmevB Zv‡`i mgv‡jvPbv †K›̀ ªxf~Z K‡iÔwPš—vavivÕi Ici| Gi gva¨‡g Zviv ej‡ZPvB‡QbÑwece cÖavb cÖeYZv bq, wecexcwiw̄ ’wZ ZZUv cwic° bq, Avi mvgªvR¨ev`hyׇK Gov‡Z cv‡i| †h‡nZz gvIwPš—vaviv†_‡K D³ g~jbxwZmg~n D™¢~Z n‡qwQj, AviAvš—R©vwZKfv‡e Mbmv‡jv wPš—vavivi gva¨‡gGme cybcÖwZwôZ nq ZvB Avš—R©vwZKfv‡ewe‡ivwaZv †Kw›̀ ªf~Z n‡q‡Q Mbmv‡jv wPš—vaviviIci| Avgv‡`i ‡`‡k GB AvµgY msNwUZn‡q‡Q G‡`‡ki wec‡ei wk¶v wmivR wmK`viwPš—vavivi Ici| Gme we‡ivwaZv wecemsNwUZ Kivi †¶‡ÎB †Kej euvav m„wóK‡i,Avi wKQz bq|wb‡R‡`i mvwii †fZi ỳB fv‡e GB we‡ivwaZvmsNwUZ n‡q‡QÑÑ1| gvK©mev`x `k©‡bi IciAvµgY 2| ˆeÁvwbK mgvRZ‡š¿i IciAvµgY| cÖ_g cš’vq gvK©mev`x `k©‡bi Ici„̀p bv _vK‡Z ejv n‡”Q G‡K ivR‰bwZK mZ¨bvg ẁ ‡q| Giv GK A-ivR‰bwZK mZ¨Avwe¯‹vi Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Q| ZvB, Zviv gnvb†bZ…‡Z¡i Ici Av ’̄v ivLvi c¶cvZx bb,†h‡nZz Zv ivR‰bwZK mZ¨| Gi wecix‡ZZv‡`i mZ¨ n‡”Q gnvb †bZ…Z¡‡K m‡›̀ ‡ni„̀wó‡Z †`Lv| Gi gva¨‡g Giv cÖK…Zc‡¶KwgDwbR‡gi gnvb j‡¶¨i cÖwZ m‡›̀ n m„wóK‡i P‡j‡Qb| Avgiv gnvb †bZ…Z¡†K i¶vicvkvcvwk fveev`x gnvb †bZ…Z¡ ZË¡‡Kwe‡ivwaZv Kwi hv ej‡Z Pvq eo †bZviv fyjåvwš—i E‡aŸ©| wØZxq cš’vq, GKzk kZ‡KiMYZ‡š¿i bv‡g ˆeÁvwbK mgvRZ‡š¿i Icimgv‡jvPbv ïi“ nq| me©nvivi †bZ…Z¡ IGKbvqK‡Z¡i we‡ivwaZvi gva¨‡g GUvIcÖ_gwUi g‡ZvB Ae¨vnZ weåvwš— m„wó K‡i |wmivR wmK`vi, Pvi“ gRyg`vi, Mbmv‡jv,Beªvnxg Kvcv°vqvmn gvIev‡`i cÖe³viv hLbgvI wPš—vaviv MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb ZLb wPš—vavivcÖ‡kœ Zv‡`i †Kvb A¯úóZv wQj bv| Giv mevBGK GKUv `kK‡K gyw³i `k‡K cwiYZ Ki‡Z†P‡q‡Qb| A‡bKUv mdjZvI †c‡qwQ‡jb, hviIci Avgiv ùvwo‡q| evsjv‡`‡k wmivRwmK`vi-g„Zz¨ cieZ©x‡Z gvIev`x‡`i GKwU

KwgDwb÷ cvwU© gvK©mev`x-†jwbbev`x-gvIev`x evsjv‡`kGi 13

weivU Ask gvI wPš—vaviv, wmivR wmK`viwPš—vaviv eR©b K‡i ‡nvRvev`, †ZOcš’v BZ¨vẁms‡kvabev`x gZaviv MÖnY K‡iwQj| †mmgqhviv wmivR wmK`vi wPš—vaviv‡K Aej¤̂b K‡ic~evmcv‡K i¶v K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv‡`iB A‡b‡KAvevi beŸB `kK †_‡K c_ weåvwš—‡Z c‡ob|Giv 1| c_, gZ, wPš—vaviv‡K eR©‡bi avivqcÖevwnZ nb 2| mk ¿̄ msMÖvg‡K Kvh©Zt eR©bK‡ib bZzev Zv‡K wbR©xe K‡i †d‡jb| G‡`iwb‡R‡`i‡K gvIev`x ejvi Av‡M gvIwPš—vavivUv (hv Zviv ỳB hy‡MiI †ekx e‡j‡Qb)Avevi fvj K‡i ey‡S wb‡Z n‡e| Zv‡`i DwPZn‡”Q gvIev`‡K g~j mv‡i MÖnY Kiv|cÖPÊev`x‡`i KZ©„K GKzk kZ‡K cyi‡bv ai‡YiMYZvwš¿K wec‡ei †h j¶¨ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q ZvLyeB åvš—| Avi †mB mv‡_ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡QAZxe åvš— cy‡iv‡bv eû c~‡e© ewR©Z msm`xqcš’v| kvwš—ev‡`i cZvKvi Z‡j Gme aviYv†kªYxMZ Av‡cv‡li ivRbxwZi g‡W‡j Zz‡j aivn‡q‡Q|cÖkœ n‡”Q †Kvb& †kªYxi MYZš¿? †Kvb& †kªYxiwei“‡×?‡kªYxMZ cÖkœwU‡K Svcmv K‡i †`Iqvi gva¨‡gcÖK…Zc‡¶ me©nviv GKbvqKZ¡‡K eR©b Kivn‡q‡Q| Avi Gi g~j i‡q‡Q gZv`wk©K cÖ‡kœwePz¨wZ‡Z| mgvRZvwš¿K e¨e ’̄vi BwZevPKAwfÁZv‡K †bwZKib Kiv n‡”Q| wek¦vqb Z_vGK‡gi“K mvgvªR¨ev`x wek¦e¨e ’̄vi we‡klb†`wL‡q mvgªvR¨ev`x‡`i ga¨Kvi wecixZ †gi“iØ›Ø, hy× I wec‡ei Awbevh©Zv avgvPvcv †`Iqvi†Póv n‡q‡Q| wec‡e gnvb †bZ…‡Z¡i f~wgKv‡KKvwjgvwjß Kivi †Póv n‡q‡Q| gv‡jgvi g~jbxwZmg~‡ni cÖwZ „̀p bv _vKvi bwmnZ Kivn‡q‡Q|Gm‡ei wecix‡Z Avgiv „̀pfv‡e ej‡Z PvB,GKzk kZ‡K KwgDwbRgB GKgvÎ j¶¨|mvgªvR¨ev` ¶wqòz Ig„Zz¨c_hvÎxÑÑAwbevh©fv‡e Zv hy× I wece‡K†W‡K Avb‡Q| gvK©mev`-‡jwbbev`-gvIev` IwPš—vavivi cÖwZ Avgiv AbyMZ AvwQ I _vK‡ev|GfvwKqvb hLb mgvRZ‡š¿i cZb †`L‡Z cvb,cÖPÛ hLb mgvRZš¿ e¨_© †NvlYv †`b ZLbAvgiv wek¦ KwgDwb÷iv gvK©mev‡`ime©kw³gvb Z‡Ë¡i cÖwZ AbyMZ †_‡KmgvRZ‡š¿i bq gyg~l©y cuywRev‡`i g„Zz¨hš¿Yv†`L‡Z cvB, ZvB Avgiv ewj mgvRZš¿ e¨_©nqwb, eis ‡m mvgªvR¨ev`x wek¦e¨e ’̄vi mv‡_wb‡R‡K Lvc LvIqv‡Z A¯̂xK…wZ Rvwb‡q‡Q|

`xN©ẁ b hver GfvwKqvb I cÖPÊ gvK©mev‡`i ‡h†bwZKiY cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡q‡Q ZviB cwiYwZ‡ZZv‡`i cwic~Y© AatcZ‡bi ‡lvj Kjv c~Y©n‡q‡Q| Hme †bwZKiY Avgv‡`i ‡`‡kIAv‡bvqvi Kexi, myjZvb I gwZ‡bi jvB‡big‡a¨ j¶¨ Kiv †M‡Q| Gi g~j j¶¨ n‡”QgvK©mev‡`i Ici m‡›̀ n m„wó Kiv, gnvb†bZ…‡Z¡i Ici m‡›̀ n m„wó Kiv, MYhy‡×i Icim‡›̀ n mw„ó Kiv Avi KwgDwbR‡gi gnvbj‡¶¨i cÖwZ m‡›̀ n m„wó Kiv| gvK©mev‡`icy‡iv‡bv ey‡R©vqv mgv‡jvPK‡`i Mjvi mv‡_ ZvivZv‡`i Mjv wgwj‡q ẁ ‡q‡Qb| Ab¨ẁ ‡K,A‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ cÖ‡qvMev‡`i cÖfve j¶¨ Kiv†M‡Q| A_©vr jvB‡bi †P‡q A ’̄vqx mvg_©‡K eoK‡i †`Lvi cÖeYZv| wmwiqvm‡bmUv GLv‡bgZv`k©MZ bq, Av‡cw¶K `jfvixMZ| gZv`k©GLv‡b gvb`Û bq| gZv`k© gvb`Û n‡j msL¨vKg n‡jI †mUv mwjW| msL¨v Kg _vK‡j,msMVb ỳe©j _vK‡j ‡mUv †Kvb Amyweav bq|ˆah© ai‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ †hUv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡eZv nj hv wKQy M‡o IV‡e Zv †hbgZv`wk©Kfv‡e M‡o I‡V| hviv A ’̄vqx mvg_©‡Keo K‡i †`‡L Zv‡`i A‡b‡KB †`s Gi AbymvwiwQ‡jb| GL‡bv Zvi cÖfve _vKvUv A¯̂vfvweKbq| Kg‡cvmv GB ’̄~j cÖ‡qvMev`x „̀wóf½xiKvi‡Y GwM‡q †h‡Z cv‡iwb, cv‡iwb `w¶YGwkqvq gZv`wk©Kfv‡e NuvwU GjvKv M‡oZzj‡Z, eis ms‡kvabev`x‡`i mv‡_ H‡K¨igva¨‡g wb‡R‡K wejyß K‡i‡Q| AvgivwbwðZfv‡e fviZxq m¤cÖmviYev`x NuvwU GjvKvPvB bv, Avgiv PvB me©nviv †kªYxi jvj NuvwU|†m‡¶‡Î me©nviv †kªYxi gZv`k© aviY Ki‡ev,bvwK ey‡R©vqv †kªYxi gZv`k© aviY Ki‡ev, †mUvcÖ_g cÖkœ|Kg‡cvmvi mv¤cÖwZK myweavev`x Ae ’̄vb‡KGLvb †_‡KB †`L‡Z n‡e| Kg‡cvmvcÖPÊev‡`i Ae‡k‡li mv‡_ j¾vRbK Av‡cvlK‡i‡Q|BD‡ivc Av‡gwiKvi GKmvwi myweavev`x cvwU©‡K†`Lv †M‡Q cÖPÊev‡`i aŸRv Dov‡Z| GLb GovZ_vKw_Z cÖPÊev‡`i Ae‡k‡li aŸRv Dwo‡qwPw! ýZ n‡q fvi‡Zi MYhy‡×i Avov‡jwb‡R‡`i jyKv‡Z PvB‡Q| GBme ga¨cš’x-myweavev`x‡`i †bZ…‡Z¡ i‡q‡Q wcwmGg BZvjx|wcwmGg BZvjx ga¨cš’v I myweavev‡`i wfwˇZGK bqv wig cÖwZôvi AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q‡Q I†mj‡¶¨ cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡”Q| wcwmGg BZvjxiga¨cš’v I myweavev‡`i wei“‡× Avgv‡`i †`‡ki

cÖK…Z gvIev`x kw³ msMÖvg Pvwj‡q‡Q| ỳwbqviAcivci gv‡jgv kw³¸‡jvI GKB msMÖvgPvwj‡q‡Q| Ges GUvB Avš—R©vwZK GgGjGgkw³¸wji H‡K¨i †mvcvb iPbv K‡i‡Q|ga¨cš’v I myweavev‡`i wei“‡× 26 wW‡m¤̂i2011 †ci“, Av‡R©w›Ubv, Kjw¤̂qv, B‡Kv‡qWi,cvbvgv, d«vÝ, †¯úb, Avie I evsjv‡`‡ki 9gv‡jgv cvwU©i Ges 1 †g 2012 Avgv‡`icvwU©mn cvbvgv, Kjw¤̂qv, d«vÝ, ‡ejwRqvg I†¯ú‡bi KwgDwb÷ cvwU©mg~‡ni Avš—R©vwZKwee„wZ‡Z AZ¨š— †Rviv‡jvfv‡e ga¨cš’v-myweavev`‡K D‡b¥vPbv Kivi gva¨‡g G‡KmsMÖvg Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avkv Kiv hvq AwR©Z GBHK¨ GKwU cÖK…Z gvIev`x Avš—R©vwZK M‡o‡Zvjvi ẁ ‡K Av‡iv GwM‡q hv‡e|mviv ỳwbqvi KwgDwb÷ kw³ HK¨e× n‡eB|ỳwbqvi me©nviv I wbcxwoZ RvwZmgyn GKnI!!

mvgwiK jvBb

gnvb Kvj© gvK©m I †d«WvwiK G‡½jm me©cÖ_gZz‡j a‡ib me©nviv †kªYxi mk ¿̄ wec‡ei aviYv,Zuv‡`i RxeÏkvq c¨vwi KwgD‡b me©nviv †kªYxcÖ_g ivóª ¶gZv `Lj K‡iwQj †hLvb †_‡Kme©nviv GKbvqK‡Z¡i gvK©mev`x aviYv weKwkZnq | †jwbb‡K ivwkqvq wec‡ei Av‡M wZbgv‡mi g‡a¨ evwnbx M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡qwQj|A‡±vei wec‡ei ci `xN© Pvi eQi Zv‡`i‡Kmk ¿̄ msMÖvg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| GAwfÁZvi wfwˇZ Px‡b Kg‡iW gvI Px‡biev —̄eZvq `xN© †gqv`x PweŸk eQi MYhy×cwiPvjbv K‡ib Ges 1949 mv‡ji A‡±ve‡iPxb wece Rqhy³ nq| †Pqvig¨vb gvI‡qigva¨‡gB me©nviv †kªYx GKwU c~Y©v½ mvgwiKjvBb Mo‡Z †c‡i‡Q| GK_vwU e‡jb †ci“iKg‡iW Mbmv‡jv| Mbmv‡jv e‡jb MYhy× n‡”Qmve©Rbxb| A_©vr MYhy× ïaygvÎ wbcxwoZ†`k¸wj‡ZB bq, mvgªvR¨ev`x †`k¸wj‡ZIcÖ‡hvR¨| Avgv‡`i gZ †`k¸wj‡Z MÖvgv‡jMYhy‡×i cvkvcvwk cwic~iK wn‡m‡e kn‡iIMYhy× m¤¢e| hẁ I kn‡i MÖv‡gi g‡Zv NuvwUM‡o IV‡ebv wKš‘ mk ¿̄ cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›̀ vjbM‡o IV‡e, †ci“, BD‡ivcmn wewfbœ †`‡kiAwfÁZv Ges evsjv‡`‡k wmivR wmK`v‡iimgqKv‡ji mk ¿̄ niZvjmn kn‡i mk ¿̄ZrciZv GB Z‡Ë¡i mwVKZv cÖgvY K‡i|

‡NvlYv I Kg©m~wP

mvgwiK jvBb n‡”Q ivR‰bwZK jvB‡bi †K›̀ ª|Kg‡iW wmivR wmK`vi c~e©evsjvq gvIev‡`icÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g GK mvgwiK jvBb cÖwZôvK‡ib| me©nviv †kªYxi GKwU mvgwiK jvBb_vK‡Z n‡e, GUv wZwb Dcjwä K‡ib, Avi GUvn‡”Q MYhy×| Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ c~e©evsjvi me©nvivcvwU© wecex Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g mvgwiK †¶‡Îeû g~j¨evb AwfÁZv AR©b K‡i‡Q, wPš—vweKwkZ K‡i‡Q hv Zuvi †b„Z‡Z¡ cvwU© KZ©©„©©©©Kwee„Z n‡q‡QtÓRbM‡Yi †mbvevwnbx e¨wZZ RbM‡Yi wKQy†bBÓ, ivR‰bwZK ¶gZv e›̀ y‡Ki b‡ji ga¨ẁ ‡qB Rb¥jvf K‡iÓ, Òmk ¿̄msMÖvg n‡”Q wec-‡ei m‡e©v”P iƒcÓ, Òmk ¿̄ msMÖv‡gi ga¨ ẁ ‡qBcvwU©i weKvk, mymse×Zv I ej‡kfxwKKiYm¤¢eÓ, Òmk ¿̄ evwnbx n‡”Q cvwU©i Aaxb cÖavbai‡Yi MYmsMVbÓ|.. .Ò‡Mwijv hy‡×i gva¨‡gBRbMY‡K RvMwiZ, msMwVZ I RbM‡Yikw³‡K kΓi wei“‡× cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq|ÓKg‡iW wmivR wmK`v‡ii mvgwiK jvBbwUiDrm Zuvi ivR‰bwZK jvBb hv Avevi G‡m‡QZuvi gZv`wk©K jvBb †_‡K | gvI †mZzOwPš—vaviv‡K gZv`k© wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kivq wZwbme©̀ vB gZv`wk©K cybM©V‡bi Ici ¸i“Z¡v‡ivcK‡i‡Qb| c~e©evsjvi KwgDwb÷ cvwU© I nK-‡Zvnviv gvIwPš—vaviv cÖ‡kœ Z_v gZv`wk©K cÖ‡kœ„̀p bv _vKvq †Pev`x mvgwiK jvBb AbymiYK‡i‡Q| gZv`wk©Kfv‡e gvIev`x Mbhy‡×ijvBb MÖnb Kivi Kvi‡YB Kg‡iW wmivRwmK`vi m¶g n‡qwQ‡jb ỳBevi NuvwU GjvKvwewbg©v‡b Ges †`ke¨vcx kw³kvwj mk ¿̄ msMÖvgM‡o Zzj‡Z| Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ cvwU© GK wbqwgZevwnbx M‡o Zzj‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| †Pqvig¨vbMbmv‡jv cieZ©x‡Z †h welqwU‡Z ¸i“Z¡v‡ivcK‡i‡Qb †mB mk ¿̄ RbM‡Yi mgỳ ª Z_vwgwjwkqv M‡o †Zvjvi cÖ‡Póv _vKvi Kvi‡YmvgwiK jvB‡b G MYhy× e¨vcK RbM‡Yimg_©b jvf Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| Mbmv‡jv MYhy×M‡o †Zvjvi Av‡M cvwU©i mvgwiKxKi‡Yi Ici†Rvi ẁ ‡q‡Qb| c~evmcv cÖ_g †_‡KBmvgwiKxK…Z wQj|c~evmcv mk ¿̄ msMÖvg m~wPZ K‡i mvgªvR¨ev`x IcvwK —̄vbx Jcwb‡ewkK cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni Ici†evgvel©‡bi gva¨‡g| cieZ©x‡Z Kg‡iW Pvi“gRyg`v‡ii ÒLZg jvBbÓ-Gi cÖfv‡e c~evmcvIRvZxq kΓ LZg Awfhvb Pvwj‡q‡Q, wKš‘A‡c¶vK…Z ÒevQvBK…ZÓ wn‡m‡e|mgv‡jvPKiv †kªYxkΓ LZg wb‡q cÖkœ Zz‡j

_v‡Kb|Kg‡iW Pvi“ gRyg`vi †kªYx kΓi ivR‰bwZK ImvgwiK KZ…©Z¡ aŸsm Kivi GKwU Dcvq wn‡m‡e†kªYx kΓ LZg jvBbwU‡K †`‡L‡Qb| ZviKv‡Q GUv wQj GKUv hy×| KwgDwb÷iv KL‡bvˆ`wnKfv‡e wba‡bi c¶cvZx wQ‡jb bv, GL‡bvbb| hy‡×i cÖwµqvq †kªYxkΓ wb‡RB wb‡RiaŸsm †W‡K Av‡b|Aek¨B wecexiv Av‡Mi g‡Zv †kªYxkΓ LZ‡giAwfhvb Pvwj‡q GLb †Kv_vI wecex hy× M‡oZzj‡eb bv| †Kbbv mg‡qi cwieZ©‡b A‡bKi³ ẁ ‡q wecexiv wk‡L‡Qb wKfv‡e hy× Av‡ivmymsnZfv‡e, Av‡iv Kg i³cv‡Zi ga¨ẁ ‡q,Av‡iv wbqwš¿Zfv‡e Pvjv‡bv hvq| mfvcwZwmivR wmK`vi evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖ¶vc‡Um„Rbkxjfv‡e AwaKZi wbqwš¿Z hy× cwiPvjbvK‡iwQ‡jb, LZg Kgv‡bvi K_v e‡j‡Qb|cieZ©x‡Z Kg‡iW Mbmv‡jvi †bZ…‡Z¡ †ci“iMYhy× Av‡iv cwi®‹vifv‡e †`wL‡q‡Q MYhy‡×imvgwMÖKZv, †kªYxkΓi ivR‰bwZK I mvgwiKKZ©„Z¡‡K Kxfv‡e hy‡×i cÖwµqvq aŸsm Kivhvq| †ci“i AwfÁZv †`wL‡q‡Q LZg n‡”Qhy‡×i g‡a¨B GKUv mvgwiK G¨vKkb, Ges ZvAek¨B n‡Z n‡e ÔevQvBK…ZÕ|Kg‡iW wmivR wmK`v‡ii mvgwiK jvB‡biGKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ˆewkó¨ wQj kΓi IciAZwK©Z AvµgY nvbvÑhv †Mwijvhy‡×i GKwUAwZ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© bxwZ| wZwb el©vKvj‡KiY‰bwZKfv‡e ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wn‡m‡e †`‡L‡Qbevsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjKZv‡K wePvi we‡klYK‡i| wZwb el©vKvjxb iY‰bwZK Avµg‡YimvgwiK cwiKíbv iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb hv gvIev`xmvgwiK weÁv‡bi „̀wó‡KvY †_‡K AZ¨š—¸i“Z¡c~Y©| GKwU †`‡ki ‡fŠwMwjK, mvgvwRK-A_©‰bwZK wewfbœ ˆewkó¨ Avwe®‹vi Ges †mBwfwˇZ ib‰bwZK I iY‡KŠkjMZ cwiKíbviPbv gvIev`x MYhy× M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨Acwinvh©| cÖ_‡g mfvcwZ cvnvo I R½jvKxYGjvKv‡K †Mwijv NuvwU M‡o †Zvjvi me©vwaK¸i“Z¡c~Y© wn‡m‡e †`‡L‡Qb| †mAbymv‡i me©nvivcvwU© †cqvivevMv‡b 71 mv‡j Ges cve©Z¨PUªMv‡g 72-75-G gy³ GjvKv M‡o Zzj‡Zm¶g n‡qwQj hv‡K cieZ©x‡Z Kg‡iW wmivRwmK`vi e‡j‡Qb Ò¯̂vfvweK NuvwUÓ| Kg‡iWwmivR wmK`v‡ii me©‡kl mvimsKjb Abymv‡ic~e©evsjvi NuvwU GjvKv MV‡bi mgm¨v n‡”Qmgf~wg‡Z NuvwU GjvKv MV‡bi mgm¨v| GUvn‡”Q mvaviY mgm¨v| Aciẁ ‡K cvnvo, R½j,

PivÂjmn ỳM©g AÂj¸‡jv‡K AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`vbcvwU© Ae¨vnZ iv‡L|Kg‡iW wmivR wmK`vi-cieZ©x †bZ…Z¡mgš̂qev` Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq Avwki `k‡K|Av‡bvqvi Kex‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ GKẁ ‡K Kg‡iWwmivR wmK`v‡ii jvBb Aciẁ ‡K Zvi wbR¯̂jvBb--G &B ỳ&B jvB‡bi mgš̂q NUv‡bv nq hvKg‡iW wmivR wmK`v‡ii MÖvgvÂj wfwËK wKš‘†K›̀ ªxq ivR‰bwZK ¶gZv `L‡ji j‡¶¨kniv‡jI mk ¿̄ ZrciZv Pvjv‡bvi jvBb†_‡K m‡i wM‡q MÖv‡g cvwU© Avi kn‡iMYmsMVb---GB jvB‡b PvwjZ nq| Kg‡iWwmivR wmK`vi hLb e‡jb c~e©evsjvq A_©bxwZ‡`ke¨vcx mgweKwkZ ZLb Gi Øviv wZwbAvgjvZvwš¿K cuywRev‡`i AvwacZ¨‡KB†evSvb| ZvB wZwb MÖvg I kn‡ii g‡a¨mgš̂‡qi cÖ‡Póv Pvjvb| Ges cvwU©i Kv‡RiAsk wn‡m‡e cvwU© m„ó MYmsMV‡bi K_v e‡jb|AvR‡K mfvcwZ Mbmv‡jv I wcwmwci gva¨‡gwelq¸‡jv cy‡ivcywi cwi®‹vi n‡q‡Q hv Av‡MZZUv g~Z© wQjbv| mfvcwZ wmivR wmK`v‡iiknx` nIqvi ci †kL gywR‡ei cZb NU‡jgvwK©‡bi `vjvj AvgjvZvwš¿K ey‡R©vqviv ¶gZv`Lj K‡i| mvgªvR¨ev` cÖavb Ø›Ø GB g~j¨vqbAv‡bvqvi Kex‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ MÖnb Kiv nq|Dcwb‡ek msµvš— ZË¡ †_‡K bqv Dcwb‡ekmsµvš— ms‡kvabev`x wePz¨wZi c_ MÖnY Kivnq| ivR‰bwZK jvB‡b GB wePz¨wZ Ges wbRms¯‹viev`x LZg jvB‡bi gZv`wk©K wePz¨wZiKvi‡Y mvgwiK jvBb GK mk ¿̄ ms¯‹viev`xjvB‡b cwiYZ nq, ZuviB cwiYwZ‡Z beŸB`k‡K cy‡ivcywi wmivR wmK`v‡ii jvBb eR©‡bigva¨‡g cvwU© cy‡ivcywi aŸsmcÖvß nq| Giv `vexK‡ib, Giv wmivR wmK`v‡ii †Mwijv hy‡×ijvBb‡K wb‡R‡`i jvBb wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|Zv wK ¯̂v¶¨ enb K‡i? gnvb wmivR wmK`v‡iiKvQ †_‡K gvIev`‡K Giv MÖnY K‡ib bv g~jAv`k© wn‡m‡e| d‡j wmivR wmK`v‡ii Kv‡Q hvwQj MYhy× Zv Zv‡`i Kv‡Q n‡q‡Q ‡Mwijvhy×| GBfv‡e gvIev` †_‡K Giv wePÿ Zn‡q‡Qb| Giv K…wl wece‡K A¶ g‡b K‡ibveis A¶ g‡b K‡i mk ¿̄ ZrciZv‡K, ZvB GivRbM‡Yi ¶gZvi ms ’̄v MYKwgwU MVb K‡ibv|ZvB ¯̂vfvweKfv‡e Giv mgiev‡` AatcwZZnq, RbM‡bi gv_vi Ici †P‡c e‡mAvgjvZ