name, event, date tim kasten united nations environment programme
TRANSCRIPT
Name, event, dateTim Kasten
United Nations Environment Programme
Urban air pollution a key issue
• WHO estimates more than 1 billion people exposed to outdoor air exceeding maximum recommended levels
• Up to 1 million premature deaths, up to 1 million pre-natal deaths
• Cost of urban air pollution estimated to be 2% of GDP, in developed countries and more than 5% in developing countries (e.g. 7% China, to rise to 13% by 2020)
• Local and global effects (climate change)
• In US almost half of urban residents exposed to harmful levels of ozone;
• In Nairobi, Kenya, lead levels are more than 25 times as high as WHO standards;
• In Shanghai, China, mobile sources are contributing between 70%-90% to air pollution such as CO, NOx, HC and particulates;
• GEF now recognises transport sector as key to CO2 emissions
Urban air pollution a key issue - continued
Urban populations – by Region
Africa
Asia
Europe
LAC Northern America
Oceania0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
Urban populations in 2000, by region
Vehicle Population in Major Indian Cities
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Ahmed
abad
Ban
galore
Chen
nai
Delhi
Hyd
erab
ad
Kolkata
Mumbai
1996
1998
2000
2002
Source: Motor Transport Statistics of India, 2002-03, Govt of India
SIAM
(In ‘000s)
Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles (PCFV)
- established at the World Summit on Sustainable Development, August 2002;
- to promote clean fuels and vehicles to address urban air quality
- public – private Partnership- Clearing-House in UNEP
Headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya
PCFV Objectives
• the elimination of lead in gasoline and the phase down of sulfur in diesel and gasoline fuels, concurrent with;
• the adoption of cleaner vehicle technologies
website: www.unep.org/pcfv
Partners
PCFV Activities
• Global level– Clearing House at UNEP HQ– Information collection and
dissemination (incl. website)– Partners network– Working Groups on key issues
• Support to Partners and activities at regional, sub-regional and national levels
PCFV – Substantive Activities
Global Working Groups:- Valve Seat Recession- Octane- Sulfur- Public Awareness
PCFV and Asia
- Increasing activities in Asia in 2005 (PCFV Programme of Work 2005)
- Phase out leaded gasoline in countries still using
- Reduce sulfur levels- Support introduction of clean vehicles
technologies (gasoline : catalytic converters, diesel: PM traps) and clean vehicles
- Cooperation with key players (USEPA, CAI-Asia, ADB, UNEP, SIAM, JPEC, JAMA, ….etc. -- all PCFV Partners or in process of joining)
Information: Website www.unep.org/pcfv
www.unep.org/PCFV