Name_________________________________________________________Unit4:Cellcommunication

1. DescribethewaysCellscancommunicatewithoneanotherA. Identifythetypeofcommunicationineachdiagramasdirectcontact,shortdistance,orlong

distanceANDJUSTIFYyouranswerforeach

B. ExplainWhycellcommunicationisimportant

2. Explainhoecellscommunicationwithone anotherA. Identifytheligandinthefollowingdiagram

B. Explainthepurposeoftheligand

C. Describehowaligandcanactivateacell

3. DescribehowdifferenttypesofligandsinteractwithacellforcommunicationA. Describethestructuralpropertiesofasteroidhormone

B. IDENTIFYthelocationofthereceptorthatasteroidhormonewillbindwithandEXPLAINwhyitmustbindtothereceptorinthatlocation

C. Describethestructuralpropertiesofaproteinligand

D. IDENTIFYthelocationofthereceptorthataproteinhormonewillbindwithandEXPLAINwhyitmustbindtothereceptorinthatlocation

E. IDENTIFYthetypeofligandthatisinthediagramandEXPLAINwhyyouchosethattypeofligand

Name_______________________________________________________ Unit4:LigandsandSignalTransductionReview

1. LigandscanallowthemovementofIons

A. Describehowligandsallowforthemovementofionsthroughaligandgatedionchannel

B. Explaintheimportanceofligandsongatedionchannels

2. Ligandscanactivatethecellwhichleadtoasignaltransduction.Signaltransductionpathwayslinksignalreceptionwithcellularresponses.A. statethedifferencebetweenatargetcellandnon-targetcellandexplainwhyyouwouldnot

wanteverycellinthebodytocontaineverytypeofreceptor

B. Definesignaltransductionpathwayandexplaintheimportance

C. Identifyandexplainthethreestagesinthesignaltransductionpathway

Stages1.2.3.

Explainstages:

1.

2.

3. 3.Cellscommunicatebygenerating,transmitting,receiving,andrespondingtochemicalsignals.Describetheroleofcomponentsofasignaltransductionpathwayinproducingacellularresponse.A

seriesofstepsareneededtocompletethesignaltransductionpathwayandelicitaresponse.ExplainwhatisoccurringateachstepbyansweringeachquestionStep1:LigandbindingtothereceptorproteinA. CircleandIdentifytheLigandinthesignaltransductionpathwaydiagrambelow

B. DESCRIBEwhathappenstothereceptorproteinwhentheligandbindsandEXPLAINits

importance

Step2:ActivationoftheenzymeadenylylCyclase

C. Describetheprocessthatactivatesadenylylcyclase

D. ExplainwhatadenylylcyclaseisresponsibleforoncetheenzymeisactivatedStep3:PhosphorylationCascadeE. CircleandlabelthesecondarymessengerinthediagramonthepreviouspageandDESCRIBEthe

overallroleofcAMPonthesignaltransductionpathway

F. ExplainhowcAMPactivatesaphosphorylationcascade

G. Describewhathappensduringaphosphorylationcascade

H. Explaintheimportanceofaphosphorylationcascade

Step4:Response

I. Identifythetypesofresponsesthatcanoccurasaresultofsignaltransduction

J. Identifythetypeofresponseinthediagramsbelow

4. Thesignalisoftenamplifiedinthecell.A. DESCRIBEwhatamplificationisANDEXPLAINitsimportance

B. CircletheamplificationareaInthediagramtotheright

5. Chemicalsthatinterferewithanycomponentofthesignalingpathwaymayactivateorinhibitthe

pathway.A. Explainhowchemicalscaninterferewiththesignalingpathway

B. PREDICTthetypeofmedication(whatphysicalpropertieswouldbepresent)thatcouldinhibitcyclicAMPandturnoffasignalingpathwayANDJUSTIFYyourprediction

6. ChangesinsignaltransductionpathwayscanaltercellularresponseA. Describeamutationthatcouldoccurtoareceptorprotein

B. Explainwhatwouldoccuriftherewasamutationinthereceptorprotein

Name_______________________________________________________________Unit4:FeedbackandCellCycle1. Timingandcoordinationofbiologicalmechanismsinvolvedingrowth,reproduction,andhomeostasis

dependonorganismsrespondingtoenvironmentalcues.A. Eachphysiologicalconditioninthebodyhasasetpoint.Explainwhatasetpointisandgive

examplesconditionsinthebodythathaveasetpoint

B. IdentifythetypesoffeedbackmechanismsthatoccurinorganismsandExplainwhyorganismsusefeedbackmechanisms

2. Negativefeedbackworkstomaintainhomeostasisintheorganism/cell

C. Describewhatisoccurringintheorganism/celltorequireanegativefeedbackmechanism

D. Explainhowthenegativefeedbackprocessworkstomaintainhomeostasisintheorganismwhenthereisachangetothesetpoint

E. Forthefollowingnegativefeedbackexamplebelow:IdentifyONEchangethatisoccurringtothesetpointandEXPLAINhownegativefeedbackworkstoreturnthesystembacktoitstargetsetpoint

F. Forthenegativefeedbackexampleanswerthefollowing:- Describeamutationthatcouldoccur

- Predicttheimpactthemutationwouldhaveonthenegativefeedbackloop

- Justifyyourprediction

3. Feedbackinhibitioncanregulateenzymecatalyzedpathways

A. DescribethefeedbackthatisoccurringinthediagrambelowandEXPLAINitsimportance

B. Identifythestructurethatisactingastheallostericregulatorintheabovefeedback

4. Explainhowpositivefeedbackaffectshomeostasis.A. Explainwhatapositivefeedbackmechanismsdototheresponsesandprocessinorganisms

B. Describeapositivefeedbackresponseasaresultofachangeinthesetpoint.

C. Explainthepositivefeedbackthatisoccurringinthediagrambelowandstatetheendresultofthispositivefeedback

5. Ineukaryotes,cellsdivideandtransmitgeneticinformationviatwohighlyregulatedprocesses.A. IdentifythephasesofthecellcycleandGiveabriefdescriptionofeachphase

B. DescribewhatisoccurringduringtheG1,SandG2phasesofinterphase- G1

- S

- G2

C. DrawabargraphtoshowtheamountofDNAthatwouldbefoundinthedifferentstagesofthecellcycleiftheinitialamountofDNAwas4

AmountofDNAperphase NumberofChromosomesperphase

D. Drawabargraphtoshowthenumberofchromosomesthatwouldbefoundinthedifferentstagesofthecellcycleiftheinitialnumberofchromosomeswas4

E. Identifythestageacellenterswhenitisnolongerdividing

6. ExplainhowmitosisresultsinthetransmissionofchromosomesfromonegenerationtothenextA. IdentifythevariousrolesofMitosisinthebody

B. Identifythefollowingstructuresinthediagrambelow:sisterchromatid,centromere,spindlefibers,kinetochore,chromosome

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Initialcell

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Daughtercells

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Initialcell

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Daughtercells

C. Describewhatis occurringineachofthestagesofmitosis

- Prophase

- Metaphase

- Anaphase

- Telophase

D. Explaintheimportanceofcytokinesis

E. Foreachpicturebelow,Identifythestagethecellisin(theyarenotinorder):interphase,prophase,metaphase,anaphase,telophase/cytokinesis

__________________________________________________________________________________

F. Foracellthathasundergonemitosis,Describehownewlyformeddaughtercellscomparetotheoriginalcell

Name_____________________________________________________________________ Unit4:cellRegulation1. Describetheroleofcheckpointsinregulatingthecellcycle.Anumberofinternalcontrolsor

checkpointsregulateprogressionthroughthecycle.A. Labelthe3checkpointsthatexistinthecellcycleandEXPLAINtheoverallimportanceof

checkpointsinthecellcycle

A. DescribetheRoleofcyclinincellregulation

B. DescribetheroleCdK(cyclindependentkinase)inthecellcycle

C. IdentifythecomponentsofMPFANDDESCRIBEtheroleofMPF(maturationpromotingfactor)

D. Explaintheimportanceofeachcheckpointinthecellcycle- G1-

- G2–

- M–2. Interactionsbetweencyclinsandcyclin-dependentkinasescontrolthecellcycle.

A. DescribewhathappenstotheconcentrationofCyclinduringthecellcycleandExplainwhythechangeinconcentrationhappens

B. DescribetheimpactthechangeinCyclinhasontheconcentrationofMPF

C. DescribewhathappenstotheconcentrationofMPFasthecellprogressesthroughthecellcycleANDEXPLAINwhytheconcentrationofMPFischanges

D. ExplainhowtheconcentrationofMPFisusedateachcheckpointtodetermineifthecellwillcontinuepastthecheckpointornotadvance

E. Graphtheconcentrationofcyclin,andMPFduringthecellcycle(interphaseandmitosis)andexplainwhatishappeningtotheconcentrationsofeach

F. Explainwhytheconcentrationdecreasesasthecellprogressesthroughmitosis

G. ExplainwhathappenstothecellifthecelldoesintopastheG1checkpoint

3. Disruptionstothecellcyclemayresultincancerand/orprogrammedcelldeath(apoptosis).

A. Describetheroleofthep53proteinon

thecellcycle

B. Explaintheimportanceofthep53protein

C. DescribetheoutcometothecellwhenapoptosisoccursANDEXPLAINwhythisprocessisnecessary

D. Predictwhatwouldhappentothecellcycleiftherewasamutationinthep53geneANDJUSTIFY

E. DescribewhathappenstothelengthofthecellcycleinacancerouscellANDEXPLAINwhythischangehappens.

F. PredictwhatwouldhappentothecellgoingthroughthecellcycleifamedicationinhibitstheformationofcyclinANDJUSTIFYyourprediction