nanoscale spectroscopy with optical antennas · optical antennas. antenna-based interactions e -h+...
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NANOSCALE SPECTROSCOPY WITH
OPTICAL ANTENNAS
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hn
The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627.
Lukas Novotny
DOE, AFOSR, NSFwww.nano-optics.org
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antenna
hnDOE, AFOSR, NSFwww.nano-optics.org
NANOSCALE SPECTROSCOPY WITH
OPTICAL ANTENNAS
ANTENNA-BASED INTERACTIONS
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photovoltaics
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LED
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spectroscopy
Nature 455, 887 (2008).
ANTENNA
A DEVICE TO CATCH ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Before 1900: Aerial
First written usage: Manuel Rodriguez Garcia (French Patent, 1900)
OPTICAL ANTENNA
A DEVICE TO CONVERT OPTICAL RADIATION
INTO LOCALIZED ENERGY, AND VICE VERSA.
OPTICAL ANTENNAS IN NATURE
PHOTOSYNTHESIS: COLLECTIVE RESPONSE OF CHLOROPHYLL MOLECULES
PROBLEM STATEMENT
(molecule, ion, quantum dot, ..)
receiver/transmitter
antenna
radiation
-> coupled system of 3 entities
OPTICAL HALF-WAVE ANTENNA
220nm
l / 5.6 !~ l / 2
EFFECTIVE WAVELENGTH SCALING
PRL 98, 266802 (2007)800
220
L = 110nm
OPTICAL YAGI-UDA ANTENNA
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
T. Taminiau et al., Opt. Exp. 16, 16858 (2008)
NANOSCALE CHEMICAL IMAGING
?
Spatial Resolution
Ch
em
ica
l In
form
ati
on
1 nm 1 m 1mm
low
ato
mic
mo
lecu
larNMR
- IR
-Raman
STM
ElectronMicroscopy
Ion microscopy
X-Rays
DielectricAnalysis
S. Stranick, NIST
EXAMPLES
ASA Tablet: Toothpaste:
Source: WITec
NEAR-FIELD OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY
Ultramicroscopy 71, 21 (1998).
The History of Near-field Optics, Rep. Prog. Opt. (2007).
BOTTOM-UP SYNTHESIS
OF OPTICAL ANTENNAS
P. Bharadwaj
PRL 90, 95503 (2003)
w N
wowNwo-+
NEAR-FIELD RAMAN
SCATTERING
N. AndersonA. Hartschuh G. Cancado
3D CONFINEMENT OF SIGNAL
0 20 40 60
1
2
3
4
z (nm)
sig
na
l en
ha
nce
me
nt
PRL 90, 95503 (2003)
LOCAL ENVIRONMENT
PRL 90, 95503 (2003)
Topography Raman scattering
M G’G
RBM (259cm-1)
(n,m) = (8,5) : dt ~ 0.9nmTint = 210ms / pixel1.0 um x 1.0 um
D IFM (835cm-1)
LOCALIZATION OF DEFECTS
JACS 127, 2533 (2005)
STRUCTURAL DEFECTS
Topography: Confocal Raman:
Structural Variations (defects, branching, .. ) hidden in confocal imaging !
Near-field Raman:
Nano Lett. 6, 744 (2006)
SERPENTINE NANOTUBES(E. Joselevich)
NEAR-FIELD RAMAN IMAGING
OF SERPENTINE NANOTUBES
Topography : Confocal Raman :
n = 1594cm-1
Near-field Raman :
n = 1594cm-1
- strain
MEASURING LOCAL PROPERTIES
- environment
- defects
- local potential
- dopants
100nm
Gt1
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
t7
t8
t9
t10
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
m
m
m
m
m
sc
sc
sc
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
t7
t8
t9
t10
sc
sc
TUBE-TUBE TRANSITIONS
Nano Lett. 7, 577 (2007)
160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
Raman shift (cm-1)
RBM 191 (M):
(n,m) = (12,6)
dt ~ 1.25nm
RBM 251 (SC):
(n,m) = (10,3)
dt ~ 0.94nm
Nano Lett. 7, 577 (2007)
ENHANCING LIGHT EMISSION
ANTENNA-ENHANCED
FLUORESCENCE
SiO2
Au
molecule
PRL 96, 113002 (2006)
SINGLE MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE RATES
qa
without Au particle :
PRL 96, 113002 (2006)
with Au particle antenna:
ANTENNA-ENHANCED
FLUORESCENCE
QUANTUM YIELD
energy transfer + intrinsic
Fluorophore Nanotube
Nano Lett. 5, 2310 (2006)
Ca2+ PUMPS IN RED BLOOD
CELL MEMBRANES
Ca2+ ATPase (4 genes -> 4 isoforms)
Alzheimers, hypertension, diabetes, ..
Role of specific isoforms ?
Spatial organization ?
Impact on pathologies ?
IMAGING OF SINGLE Ca+ ION CHANNEL
PROTEINS IN ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES
C. Hoeppener
IMAGING OF SINGLE Ca+ ION CHANNEL
PROTEINS IN ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES
C. Hoeppener
Nano Lett. 8, 642 (2008)
NONLINEAR RESPONSE
NONLINEAR RESPONSE(780nm + 1160nm laser pulses)
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
l (nm)
ph
oto
n c
ou
nts
(a
rb. u
nits)
S. PalombaM. BeversluisA. Bouhelier M. Danckwerts
FOUR-WAVE MIXING DISTANCE DEPENDENCE
PRL 98, 026104 (2007)
*
CONCLUSIONS
Antenna-coupled light-matter interactions
- Spectroscopy with spatial resolution ~10 nm
- Opportunities for LEDs, photovoltaics
- Nonlinear plasmonics
www.nano-optics.org
Thanks: Ado Jorio, Steve Cronin, Todd Krauss, Ernesto Joselevich, Lewis Rothberg,
Alex Noy, Shanlin Pan, Brian Holmberg, Barbara Schirmer, Ryan Beams,
Brian McIntyre,