NANOTECHNOLOGY

Hyo Be Park 12C

Chemistry Option C-7

Objective C.7.1 Define the term nanotechnology.

“Nanotechnology involves research and technology development at the 1 nm - to - 100 nm range.

Nanotechnology creates and uses structures that have novel properties because of their small size. Nanotechnology builds on the ability to control or manipulate at the atomic scale.”

Booker, R and Boysen, E. 2005. Nanotechnology for dummies, Wiley Publishing Inc, USA. P 10

Objective C.7.1 Define the term nanotechnology.

2 main approaches in nanotechnology

* Bottom-up

building materials/devices from individual atoms, molecules or components

* Top-down

constructing nano-objects from larger entities

IB Chemistry Textbook page 113

Objective C.7.2 Distinguish between physical and chemical techniques in manipulating atoms to form molecules.

• Physical

Allows atoms to be manipulated and positioned in specific requirement

Meticulous industrial technology are required for this technique

• Chemical

Use chemical reaction to form a specific type of bonding in desired molecules and structures.

Objective C.7.2 Distinguish between physical and chemical techniques in manipulating atoms to form molecules.

• Physical

Often used in constructing delicate mechanical devices such as computer or mobile phones (industrial purposes)

• Chemical

Often used in DNA nanotechnology where specific base-pairing due to hydrogen bonding can be utilized (biological / researching purposes)

Objective C.7.3 Describe the structure and properties of carbon nanotubesObjective C.7.3 Describe the structure and properties of carbon nanotubes

• Hexagonal ring structure with Pentagon at each end of the tube to ‘close’

• Composed of only carbon atoms

• Diameter of few nanometer

• Basic building block – Buckminsterfullerene(*allotrope of carbon) [60 carbons] – pg 22

Objective C.7.3 Describe the structure and properties of carbon nanotubesObjective C.7.3 Describe the structure and properties of carbon nanotubes

Single or Multi walled with *concentric nanotubes

Objective C.7.3 Describe the structure and properties of carbon Objective C.7.3 Describe the structure and properties of carbon nanotubesnanotubes

• Nanotube VS Graphite

High tensile strength

Strong covalent bond

Soft

Malleable

Objective C.7.3 Describe the structure and properties of carbon Objective C.7.3 Describe the structure and properties of carbon nanotubesnanotubes

• QUANTUM EFFECTMaterial properties changing dramatically at the nanoscale (below ~100nm)

New properties that can be shown:- electrical conductivity- elasticity- greater strength- different colour- greater reactivity- etc.

Objective C.7.3 Describe the structure and properties of carbon nanotubesObjective C.7.3 Describe the structure and properties of carbon nanotubes

Bulk vs Size-Dependent PropertiesBulk vs Size-Dependent Properties

• Micro-scale Objects

Widely used, however the properties are equal to bulk material

• Nano-scale Objects

Fundamental properties of materials depend on their size, shape, and composition in a way they don’t at other scale.

C.7.4 Discuss some of the implications of nanotechnologyC.7.4 Discuss some of the implications of nanotechnology

GENERAL ADVANTAGE

Produce using little labour, land, or maintenance

High productivity

Low cost

Modest requirement for materials

C.7.4 Discuss some of the implications of nanotechnologyC.7.4 Discuss some of the implications of nanotechnology

AVAILABLE / POSSIBLE APPLICATION

Computer (Technological)

Medical

Space

Military

Energy

• CHALLENGES

– Toxicity testing

– Environmental impact

– Issuing patents

– Education

C.7.4 Discuss some of the implications of nanotechnologyC.7.4 Discuss some of the implications of nanotechnology

• Health / Environmental Issue– Nanoparticles entering the body– Possible negative affects– Nanoparticles accumulation in plants/river

• Ethical / Social Issue– Powerful Weapons (War) - Racism– Industrial (less demand manufacturing jobs)

• (nanotechnology worker ~2 million)

C.7.4 Discuss some of the implications of nanotechnologyC.7.4 Discuss some of the implications of nanotechnology

C.7.4 Discuss some of the implications of nanotechnologyC.7.4 Discuss some of the implications of nanotechnology

Worst Scenario – GREY GOO

• http://www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=1377#_Understanding_the_‘Quantum_Effects’

• http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/ankush85-229169-nanotechnology-safety-nano-particles-small-science-nanotechnologysafety-technology-ppt-powerpoint/

• http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/ankush85-229173-nanotechnology-environmental-impact-nano-particles-small-science-technology-ppt-powerpoint/

• http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/ankush85-167938-nanotechnology-nano-technology-robots-education-ppt-powerpoint/

• http://www.nanotech-now.com/news.cgi?story_id=13424• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_goo

BIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPHY