nanovehicles for targated delivery of drug to cancerous cell

Nanovehicles for drug delivery in Cancer treatment

By- Naveen Sundaria

ID- 44808

M.B.G.E

G.B.P.U.A.T

Index

• Cancer overview• Different paths of drug delivery• Life of a pill-passing different barriers• Chemotherapy vs control release• How drug identifies cancer cell

• Different mechanisms of bioerodible release systems

• References

Normal cell- undergoes regulated division, differentiation and apoptosis.

Cancer cell-• Lost the usual control.• Rapid proliferation.• Bypass Program Cell Death.• Result in tumor formation.

Tumor type-• Benign tumor(non cancerous)

Do not invade to tissues• Malignant tumor(cancerous)

Invade tissues

Metastasis

Cancer

Damaged DNA

RadiationChemicalsVirus

Malignant tumor

Carcinomas Sarcomas Lymphomas

Lining of tissues/organin epithelial cells90% cancer.

Connective tissues likeBones/muscles2% cancer

Blood forming cellCell of immune system8% cancer

Different paths of drug delivery

Life of a pill-passing different barriers

Pill


Medication must not be destroyed by acidicpH of stomach.


Medication must be small so that it can pass throughstomach/intestinal lining

Absorbed drug


Medication may be destroyed by enzymesof liver

Drug may bind toprotein/fat moleculesreduced available drug

NO

NO

Design of nanocarriers

•Greater surface area/volume ratio•Greater bioavailability•Easy surface modification

•Small enough to avoid removal by phagocytes(<500 nm)•Large enough to avoid renal filtration by kidney(>5 nm)

Guide by external magnetic/electrical field

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Earlier method of cancer treatment

Sustain release system

Controlled release system

1

2

3

Different mechanisms of bioerodible release systems

1. Diffusion controlled(Reservoir system)

2. Chemically controlled(Pendant chain)

3. Solvent control(Osmosis/osmotic pump)

•Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers from natural source like polyethylene glycol(PEG), polycaprolactone(PCL), polycarbonate..etc•Natural polymers- cellulase, protein•Biomacromolecule•FDA approved drug doxorubicin and paclitaxe

1.Reservoir system

•Diffusion controller•Diffusion of drug molecules•Disadvantage- leaking of drug

2.Pendant chain

•Chemical control•Drug in prodrug form•Bond between drug and carrier Polymeric backbone arepH sensitive bond like Amide oxime carboxylic acid ester hydrazone bond

3.osmotic pump

•Solvent control•System driven by osmotic pressure•Whole system do not swell•Rigid membrane is permeable to water

Intravenous delivery of hydrophobic drugGuided by magnetic fields

Structural requirementsHydrophobic polymerHydrophilic polymerMagnetic polymerTargeting ligand linked polymer

FunctionLoad hydrophobic drugInteract with aqueous environmentGuided by external sourcesReceptor mediated endocytosis for Targeted delivery

1

Magnetic polymerHydrophilic polymer

Ligand linked polymer

Drug loaded hydrophobic polymer

Triblock copolymerStructure in aqueous environment

1 23

5

2.Single-walled carbon nano-tube(SWCNT)

SWCNT Drug

Tumor specific monoclonal antibodies

3.Locate cancer cells using Quantum Dot’s

• Semiconductor nanocrystal(8-10 nm)• Made up of cadmium selenide, zinc selenide• Invivo detection cancer cell

Cancer cell

4.Gold nanoparticles

I.R rayBurned cancer cell

References• Bosch, F. Xavier, et al. "Prevalence of human papillomavirus in

cervical cancer: a worldwide perspective." Journal of the National Cancer Institute 87.11 (1995): 796-802.

• Sun, Xiaoming, et al. "Nano-graphene oxide for cellular imaging and drug delivery." Nano research 1.3 (2008): 203-212.

• Washington, Neena, Clive Washington, and Clive Wilson. Physiological pharmaceutics: barriers to drug absorption. CRC Press, 2000.

• Liversidge, Gary G., et al. "Surface modified drug nanoparticles." U.S. Patent No. 5,145,684. 8 Sep. 1992.

• Uhrich, Kathryn E., et al. "Polymeric systems for controlled drug release." Chemical reviews 99.11 (1999): 3181-3198.

• Makhija, Sapna N., and Pradeep R. Vavia. "Controlled porosity osmotic pump-based controlled release systems of pseudoephedrine: I. Cellulose acetate as a semipermeable membrane." Journal of Controlled Release 89.1 (2003): 5-18.

nanovehicles for targated delivery of drug to cancerous cell

Health & Medicine