nantawan s_s3356476_eeet2267 engineering design 4a- proposal

8/11/2019 Nantawan S_s3356476_EEET2267 Engineering Design 4A- Proposal

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School of Electrical & Computer Engineering

EEET2267 - Engineering Design 4A

Research/Design Proposal

STUDENT INFORMATION

Student Name: Nantawan Srichan

Student Number: 3356476

Academic supervisor: Prof.Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh

Associate supervisor:

(if applicable)

PROJECT TITLE: a framework made of micro/nano sized liquid marbles

1. INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION:In this section you should give a brief overview of the global

application and motivation for your project. (one or two paragraphs)

In this work a framework of micro/nano size liquid marbles will be developed. This framework is made of

liquid marbles which are made of small oil droplets formed by ultrasonications. The oil droplets are

stabilized in water by encapsulating them with nanoparticles.

The framework has a large surface to volume ratio and made of metal oxides or which are functional for

many applications. As a result, the framework can be potentially used for developing novel electronic,

optical and sensing devices. In this work the electronic and sensing devices based on such frameworks willbe fabricated and fully investigated.


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2. LITERATURE REVIEW: Within this section you should identify the existing knowledge in the area of your

project, ensuring you evaluate and critique the current state-of-the-art. Where appropriate, references

should be cited. (approximately one page)

When small amount of water, oil or other liquids is dropped and rolled on powder, we could see theencapsulated liquids can be move like non-wetting soft solid. Liquid droplets which covering entirely with

non-wetting solid power is Liquid Marbles [1]. The properties of liquid marbles in different core liquids

and Nano particles powder have been investigated in terms of mobility, increasing of respond surfaces,

substrate interaction, emulsion performance and etc.

The first interesting property of soft solid spherical marbles is velocity. The smaller droplets are, the faster

they can move[2]. This can be implied that we have created the nano-size of viscous liquid in order to move

them easily. Furthermore, the surface per volume ratio would be incredibly increased due to size reducing.

This could be applied for sensitive gas sensor. [3, 4]

The encapsulated liquids have abilities to be transported across solid plates, and also float over liquid

substrate without contamination. There is a study which proved by NaOH liquid marbles. The core NaOH

droplets did not leave a colour trace on solid substrates which is different from the normal drop[5]. Because

of the non-directed contact between liquid marbles and substrate, the liquid marbles could be applied to be

the effective carriers. Also nano-size liquid marbles could be driven by small amount of force such as

magnetic field. Amagnetic field can also manipulate the magnetic liquid marble as long as they are coating

their surfaces or putting magnetic components inside their core liquid[6].

Some studies shows that the advantages of both core liquid and encapsulating nano-particles can be

combined in liquid marble form. The experiment of liquid metal and metal oxide was demonstrated by W.

Zhang[7]. The liquid marbles with galinstan core and metal oxide coating particles can be the sensitive Pb 2+sensor because of the better charge separation and defence electron-hole recombination. Moreover, the

sonication duration assists the oxidation process between metal core liquid and oxide nano size particles.

This results in the better performance due to the more functional particles which adhere strongly over core

liquid.

The stabilized particles can be the effective interface in the emulsion process between oil and water. The

stabilisations of hydrophilic and hydrophobic particles have been demonstrated by Murakami and Binks[8].

The hydrophilic particles which tend to attach to water can make the oil core of liquid marbles become

stable. On the other hand, the hydrophobic particles can stabilize water core marble in the oil substrate.

This study could lead into the selection of core liquid and encapsulating particles in different liquidsubstrate.

3. RESEARCH/DESIGN PROPOSAL: Please provide a brief summary of the proposed research program under

the subheadings below in language which is understandable to people outside the discipline area. Where

appropriate, major references should be cited to situate the proposal within the current body of knowledge.

3.1 SCOPE: Outline the limits of the project. What will and wont it investigate with respect to the global

application and literature.(one paragraph)

In this work, different types of oils marbles structureswill be synthesized and characterised. The different

type of oils such as olive, sesame or rice brand oil could give different results due to the difference in liquid

density and chemical components. Also using the other liquid in sonication process may give the interestingresults. In addition, the possible applications of oil marbles like gas sensor, or electronic device will be

characterised.

Electrical & Computer Engineering


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3.2 OBJECTIVES: List of the objectives of the project.(bullet points)

Synthesize and characterise frameworks made of liquid marbles of nano/micro dimensions

Use the frameworks for the fabrication of sensors (gas sensors as the first target)

Use the frameworks for the development of electronic devices and characterize their performance

(a simple p-n junction)

3.3 EXPECTED DELIVERABLES: List of the proposed deliverables of the project.(bullet points)

Surface morphology of different types of oil marbles

Different types of oil marbles characteristics in different kind of substrates/particles.

Comparing performance results liquid marbles and pure functional core liquid/particles

Fabrication and sensitivity of micro/nano sized liquid marbles gas sensor.

Characteristics which lead into electronic device development

3.4 DESIGN & RESEARCH QUESTIONS: Pose questions that address key parts of your project. Design

questions result in project outcomes when answered.Research questions result in new knowledge when

answered. (at least 4 design and 1 research question)

Why do we need small components of liquid marbles? Any advantage?

Is there any effect of sonication duration to oils structures as same as the metal structure?

Is there any effect due to different bath liquid during sonication process?

Does increase of oxidation change on oil structures after sonication?

Is there any results difference when the kind of oil has been changed? Is the gas sensitivity changed due to size reducing after sonication?

Which characteristic of liquid marbles can be benefits in electronic device?

3.5 RATIONALE: Why it is important to undertake this project? What are the anticipated benefits to the

community and/or industry? How will the project build on or add to the current body of knowledge?

Where appropriate, major references should be cited. (one or two paragraphs)

We need highly sensitive sensors increasing the surface area of the sensors allows the

development of highly sensitive transducers

Using the liquid marble frameworks, it is possible to make flexible electronics which are important

components of future electronics industries

For nano size of liquid marbles with the same functionalities of their components, the core liquids

and coating particles can be carriers which benefits in medical and cosmetic fields.

4. METHODOLOGY:Provide a brief description of the research/design method framework for the project,

organised in several major investigative steps. Give each step a title and in the description of the activity

explain how answers to the design and research questions listed earlier are to be obtained. Also indicate the

testing planned and metrics/specifications tested (what outcome/result/parameter are you going tomeasure and what value are you hoping to achieve?) to evaluate the success of the activity and/or the

answer to the design/research question.Assess technical risk and mitigation. Add more rows if necessary.



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defined.

Test plan (with metrics/specifications):

Prepare oil marbles with different core liquids

Compare surface morphology in term of amount of coating particles

Technical Risk Assessment/Risk Mitigation:

Core liquid size control

5.

Application ofmicro/Nano sizedoil core liquidmarbles

Gas sensor

Description:

Due to our first target application is gas sensor, the sensitivity base on liquid marblesknowledge should be provided

Explain how it addresses a Design/Research question:

To prove that the surface to volume ratio which has been changed because of sonicationprocess can improve gas detection sensitivity


Prepare oil core liquid marbles with gas detected coating powder

Observe sensitivity change with same amount of particle


Amount of particle and gas control

6.

Application of

micro/Nanosizedoil core liquidmarbles

Electronic device

Description:

To define the characteristics which expand performance of electronic device

Explain how it addresses a Design/Research question:

In electronic device, electron-hole pair recombination could lead to the potential of the

system. Also when the respond surface has been increased because of sonication, thereis apossibility that electron-hole recombination can be defended and also increase morefree electron in the process


Prepare oil core liquid marbles with functional coating powder

Observe chemical component change with same amount of particle


Amount of particle and gas control

TIMELINE: Gantt Chart showing shaded time lines. Activities should be the same as the methodology steps.

Title of Activity

T i m e l i n e s

F i r s t S e m e s t e r F i n a l S e m e s t e r

w1-w2

w3-w4

w5 w6 w7-w8

w9-w10

w11-w12

w1-w2

w3-w4

w5 w6 w7-w8

w9-w10

w11-

w12

1. Literature Review

2. Synthesis and

Characterization of oilstructures :

Different sonication durationtimes



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3. Synthesis andCharacterization of oilstructures :

Different bath liquid duringsonication process

4. Synthesis andCharacterization of oilstructures :

Different types of oils (core ofliquid marbles)

5. Application of micro/Nanosized oil core liquidmarbles :

Gas sensor

6. Application of micro/Nanosized oil core liquidmarbles :

Electronic device

7. Review and summary

5. PROPOSED DESIGN

5.1 DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVE DESIGN OPTIONS: Describe the design options that could satisfy the

project requirements, and the strengths and weaknesses of each. Include the proposed solution as one of

the options. (maximum one page)

The liquid metal marbles have been used as an alternative approach. In liquid metal/metal oxide framework

study by Wei Zhang [7], liquid marbles which made of galinstan with WO3encapsulating powder have been

examined in many perspectives.

First, the effects of sonication duration to morphology and particles adhesion have been investigated.

Galinstan could form the spherical structuresthat its dimensions can be reduced rely on sonication duration

but liquid marbles are more covered by nanoparticles when taking longer sonication. The article referred to

increasing of oxidation process which helpsencapsulation of coating powder to core liquids. There is a

possibility that there could be the same oxidation process with different core liquid. In addition, the

sonication duration for core liquid change might give different results.

Other gallium containing liquids also give the spherical structures same as galinstan. However, mercury did

not form the stable spherical shapes. This is an interesting point that could be applied in this study in term

of core liquid influences. There could be some kind of oil that cannot be stable after sonication as mercury

did.

The liquid marblesin this paper are synthesised by sonication in DI water only. That would be understood

thatthey tried to avoid any effect from other component in processes. However, the most effective results

have been looking for in the commercial system. Consequently, there could be other sonication bath liquids

which improve total efficiency of particle adhesion. Moreover, it would be relied on other aspects such as

sonication duration and kind of oils which used to be core liquid as well. So the optimum recipe which suite

for interesting application should be defined.



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5.2 JUSTIFICATIONOF THE DECISION TO CHOOSE THE PROPOSED DESIGN: Explain the reasoning behind

your selection of the proposed solution from the options above. (one or two paragraphs)

This work is about nano-size modules, so setting or measurement details which could be influent to the

results would be collected and confirm in order to get reliable results. Furthermore, to achieve apossiblerecipe which could give the most effective results, sonication bath liquids, duration and core liquid will be

variable factors.

5.3 PROPOSED DESIGN DETAILS: Provide design information for your proposed solution.(approximately

one page)

It is common to know that when we drop any liquid on plates, we could see them become wet. In our daily

life, we could see those small drops are covered by powder when small liquids are dropped on it that has

been shown in Fig.1. Also we could found that the soft solids or liquid marbles which areencapsulated

by powder could be rolled on the solid substrates without wetness from the original core liquid.

With this concept, the micro/nano size liquid

marbles has been studied and investigated in

many dimensions such as motions, speeds,

shapes, mechanism, applications and etc.

Accordingly, sonication is used in their synthesis

process in order to make sure that the

suspension liquids would have bond potentials

with coating power, and also size of liquid

marbles will be small enough for further

applications.Figure 1Schematic of reaction in normal liquid droplet and

liquidmarble

It could be seen in Fig 2a that large core liquid suspension and coating powder are separate from each other

in sonication bath liquid.Fig 2b shows core liquid minimise reaction and nano particles spreading which

could be assisted by sonication process. Moreover, it would increase oxidation which supports the

connection bond between liquid suspension and encapsulating particles. Core liquid would be entirely

coated by coating particles after sonication which is illustrate in Fig 2c and properties of both components,

liquid suspensions and encapsulating particles, can be combined and lead to application development.

Figure 2a)core liquid suspensions and coating powder in normal environment b) while sonication process c) after sonication

process, core liquids are entirly encapsulated by coathing powder

When size of marbles are minimised, surface per volume will be increased. This feature would give benefits

for sensor application, especially gas sensors. Sensitivity of gas sensors would be improved when the gas

detective surface is enlarged. Furthermore, it can be developed in liquid-and-functional particle

transportation. Most of the electronic device fundamentals are based on free electron carrier generated

and recombined processes whichencapsulated with functional particles liquid marble could contribute inthe processes.



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REFERENCES: List references here. Numberreference consecutively as they appear in the document. (IEEE

format)

[1] P. Aussillous and D. Quere, "Liquid marbles," Nature, vol. 411, pp. 924-927, 06/21/print 2001.

[2] L. Mahadevan and Y. Pomeau, "Rolling droplets," Physics of Fluids (1994-present), vol. 11, pp. 2449-

2453, 1999.

[3] J. Tian, T. Arbatan, X. Li, and W. Shen, "Liquid marble for gas sensing," Chemical Communications,

vol. 46, pp. 4734-4736, 2010.

[4] G. McHale and M. I. Newton, "Liquid marbles: principles and applications," Soft Matter, vol. 7, pp.

5473-5481, 2011.

[5] E. Bormashenko, Y. Bormashenko, A. Musin, and Z. Barkay, "On the Mechanism of Floating and

Sliding of Liquid Marbles," ChemPhysChem, vol. 10, pp. 654-656, 2009.

[6] P. Aussillous and D. Qur, "Properties of liquid marbles," Proceedings of the Royal Society A:

Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Science, vol. 462, pp. 973-999, March 8, 2006 2006.

[7] W. Zhang, J. Z. Ou, S.-Y. Tang, V. Sivan, D. D. Yao, K. Latham, et al., "Liquid Metal/Metal Oxide

Frameworks,"Advanced Functional Materials, pp. n/a-n/a, 2014.

[8] R. Murakami, H. Moriyama, T. Noguchi, M. Yamamoto, and B. P. Binks, "Effects of the Density

Difference between Water and Oil on Stabilization of Powdered Oil-in-Water Emulsions," Langmuir,

vol. 30, pp. 496-500, 2014/01/21 2013.

Student's Signature: ...Date: / /


nantawan s_s3356476_eeet2267 engineering design 4a- proposal

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