napoleon forges an empire. napoleon bonaparte led soldiers against the french royalists in 1795 who...
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Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte led Bonaparte led
soldiers against soldiers against the French the French
royalists in 1795 royalists in 1795 who were who were
attacking the attacking the National National
Convention.Convention.
The government The government was unsettled in was unsettled in 1799. Napoleon 1799. Napoleon
took advantage of took advantage of this and suddenly this and suddenly seized power or seized power or coup d’coup d’état. The état. The term is term is French for
"a (sudden) blow (or strike) to a state"
(literally, coupcoup, hit, , hit, and and étatétat, , state).
Napoleon takes power as first council
The plebiscite of 1800 gives Napoleon the mandate to play a role for which he is well suited both in character and in terms of his
18th-century education - that of the enlightened despot.
Tax collection was made more fair and orderly so France could rely on a steady
supply of money.
Dishonest government
workers were removed.
Napoleon’s
changesHe started
lycées-a new public school for ordinary
citizens.He gave the church back some of its power and signed a
concordat or agreement
with the pope to gain support
of the organized
church.
He wrote a new set of laws called the
Napoleonic Code which
gave all French citizens the
same rights. However, some
individual rights were
removed. Free speech was limited and slavery was
restored in the French
colonies.
The Napoleonic Code, or Code Civil, entered into force on
March 21, 1804. Even though the Napoleonic code was not
the first legal code to be established in a European
country— it is considered the first successful codification and strongly influenced the
law of other countries.The Napoleonic Code, formally said, dealt only with civil law issues, such as filiation and property; It also did not deal
with how laws and regulations were to be passed — which is reserved for a constitution.The Code, with its stress on
clearly written and accessible law, was a major step in
establishing the rule of law.
Napoleon hoped to expand his empire in Europe and the New
World.In 1803, Bonaparte faced a
major setback when an army he sent to re-conquer Haiti and establish a base was
destroyed by a combination of yellow fever and fierce
resistance. Recognizing that the French possessions on the
mainland of North America would now be indefensible,
and facing imminent war with Britain, he sold them to the
United States —the Louisiana Purchase—for less than three cents per acre. The dispute
over Malta provided the pretext for Britain to declare
war on France in 1803 to support French royalists.
The Battle of Trafalgar in 1804 was a humiliating defeat for France
The defeat prevented any possibility of an invasion of England for Napoleon.
Mistake #1In 1806
Napoleon attempted to
blockade British ports to
hurt their economy. This
Continental System was to
make the continent more self sufficient.
The British Navy put their own blockade around Europe
which weakened Europe’s economy.
Mistake #2 Napoleon made his brother King of Spain in 1808.
The Spanish people were loyal to their
own king. The peasant fighters called guerrillas fought against Napoleon in a war called The
Peninsular War.
The Collapse of
Napoleon’s Empire
Mistake #3In 1812
Napoleon attempted to
conquer Russia.The Russians
retreated and followed a
scorched-earth policy leaving no livestock or grain for the
French Army. The onset of
Winter, attacks and deserters
left only 10,000 of the original
400,000 troops.
An alliance of Britain, Russia, Prussia, Sweden and Austria attacked France and defeated Napoleon’s Army in 1813 at Leipzig. The Battle of Leipzig or
the Battle of the Nations (16-19 October 1813) was the largest conflict in the Napoleonic Wars and the
most decisive defeat suffered by Napoleon Bonaparte. Fought on German soil, it also involved German troops on both sides, as a large proportion
of Napoleon 's troops actually came from the German Confederation of the Rhine.
Napoleon was exiled from France to the small island of Elba. He took a few of his
soldiers with him. He was allowed to keep his title of emperor,promising to pay two
million francs every year to France. He was replaced on the French throne by Louis
XVIII.
Ten months after his exile Napoleon escaped, returning
to France. His destination was the city of Paris. He gained support along his
route to Paris.
He finally marched into Paris with a thousand of his old
soldiers and new supporters. He took over the city and was
back in power for a short period of time that is now known as "The Hundred
Days". Napoleon's return led him to a final campaign in
Belgium. He was defeated in the Battle of Waterloo.
The Effects of the French Revolution and Napoleon’s Rule
on EuropeThe Congress of Vienna met
for the purpose of restoring order to Europe.
Metternich’g three goals for the congress:
1Make sure the French would noit attack
another country again
2He wanted a balance of power so no one
country would be a threat to another.
3He wanted to return legitimacy back to the
kings Napoleon had driven out.
Czar Alexander of Russia, Emperor Francis I of Austria and King Frederick William III of
Prussia formed the HOLY ALLIANCE
The Concert of Europe was the broad cooperation between Europe's great
powers after 1815. Its purpose was to maintain the peace settlement
concluded at the Congress of Vienna following the defeat of Napoleonic
France. The Concert of Europe was also known as the Congress System, and the person at the forefront of the Concert
of Europe was Klemens Wenzel von Metternich of Austria. Specifically, the aim of the Concert of Europe was for
the leading nations in Europe - Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia - to work together to prevent the outbreak of
revolution in each nation.
The Effects of The French Revolution
These were felt in several ways in countries outside France. Due to the people's revolt against the monarchy, the Russians succeeded in overthrowing the Czar and transferring from an Absolute Monarchy to Communism. England also benefited from this. The people rebelled against the monarchy and caused the English monarchs to lose all power and control over the people. "The French Revolution was a step towards replacing traditional aristocratic forms of government with more open, elective systems. Along with the American Revolution, it inspired
reformers throughout the western world."