napoleon forges an empire chapter 23 section 3. key terms napoleon bonaparte coup detat plebiscite...
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NAPOLEON FORGES AN EMPIREChapter 23
section 3
Key Terms• Napoleon Bonaparte• Coup d’etat• Plebiscite• Lycee• Concordant • Napoleonic Code• Battle of Trafalgar
Hero of the Hour
• Napoleon a brilliant military leader
• Forced British troops out of Toulon
• Won a victory against Austria
• 1795 faced royalist mob in Paris
• Used artillery to disperse them
Hero of the Hour
• Directory place Napoleon in charge of French troops
• Troops not slowed down by supply train
• Took what they needed from the countryside
• Won battles against the Italians and Austrians
• Secured France’s borders
Hero of the Hour
• Napoleon turned his attention to Egypt
• 1798 Napoleon defeats Egypt’s Ottoman defenders
• Admiral Horatio Nelson- trapped and destroyed most French ships in the Battle of the Nile
Hero of the Hour
• Napoleon covered up his defeat
• Napoleon sailed home• Left army in Egypt under another officer
• Exaggerated France's successes
Coup d’Etat
• National hero decided to seize political power
• Directory had grown weak
• Armed supporters of Napoleon surrounded the Directory
• Voted Napoleon first Consul
Coup d’Etat
• Coup d’ etat- a forced transfer of power
• A group of three consuls would replace the Directory
• Structure of the Republic still in place
• Napoleon had become dictator
Napoleon Rules France
• Why would France want a dictator, after overthrowing a king?
• French craved order and stability the Napoleon promised
• Napoleon pledged to uphold some of the revolutions reforms
Napoleon Rules France
• Plebiscite-a vote of the people to approve a new constitution
• 1804- did they want to declare France an empire
• Napoleon became Emperor Napoleon I
• Pope Pious VII came from Rome to crown him
Napoleon Crowns as Emperor
• As Pope was going to place the crown on Napoleon's head
• He grabbed it and put it on his own head
• Told the world no one gave Napoleon authority but himself
Restoring Order at Home
• Set up efficient tax collection
• Established a national banking system
• Dismissed corrupt government officials
• Lycees-government run public schools
• Open to all• Appointment to public
office on merit not family connections
Napoleon Creates an Empire
• Wanted to rule Europe and extend power to Americas
• Civil war in Haiti was a French defeat
• Napoleon sold the Louisiana territories to America to concentrate on Europe
Loss of American Territories
• Louisiana territory sold for 15 million
• Napoleon needed the money to finance European operations
• The sale assured forever the power of the United States
• Gave England a rival that will humble her pride
Conquering Europe
• Quest to conquer Europe
• France became a dominant power in Europe
• Napoleonic Wars lasted till 1815
• Great Britain was France’s worst enemy
Conquering Europe
• Napoleon annexed the Austrian Netherlands and parts of Italy
• Napoleon met his challenges with boldness
• Other armies could not predict his next move
Conquering Europe
• Organized coalitions against France
• Napoleon knew he had to defeat Great Britain
• 1805 England again defeats France in Battle of Trafalgar
• On Land Napoleon was more successful
Battle of Trafalgar
• 1805 off the coast of Spain
• Split the French fleet• Captured many ships• Destruction of French fleet• Gave Britain naval
supremacy for 100 years• Force Napoleon to give
up invading Britain
French Empire
• Took control of Europe through treaties and alliances
• Great Britain, Portugal, Sweden and Ottoman Empire not controlled
• Napoleon put relatives in power of conquered areas
French Empire
• His brothers ruled in Holland, Naples, and Sicily
• His sisters and stepsons held important positions
Reform of Church State Relations
• Many citizens despised the anti religious nature of the Revolution
• Napoleon made an agreement with the Pope
• Concordat-French citizens were Roman Catholic
Reform of Church Relations
• Recognized the influence of the Catholic Church
• Did not return control over national affairs
Economic Reforms
• Established the Bank of France
• Regulate the economy• Set up efficient tax collection system
• Ensured government would not face hardships
Legal and Educational Reforms
• Created Napoleonic Code-laws uniform across the land
• Eliminated many injustices
• Promoted order and authority over rights
• Freedom of the press was restricted by censors
Legal and Educational Reforms
• Code only applied to male citizens
• Denied rights of women and allowed husbands to have authority over them
• Strong state depended on strong leaders in government and the military
Napoleon’s Legacy
• Napoleon’s action spread nationalism
• Nationalism-a sense of identity and unity as a people
• French people developed a new loyalty to France as a whole
• Nationalism spread to the conquered peoples