national broadband fibre innovation & smart cities...to deliver cost effective outcomes above...

INNOVATION & SMART CITIES

National Broadband Fibre

OPTIMISING DENSITY & LIVEABILITY IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT THROUGH INFRASTRUCTURE, INNOVATION & THE INTERNET OF THINGS

CONTENTS

1. Infrastructure and Density in Urban Development 3

2. Is Broadband enough? 4

3. The Internet of Things (IoT) 5

4. Wired or Wireless? 6

5. The Protocol Droid and the Smart Pole 6

6. Big Data and Local Activation 12

7. The Syngergistic City 14

8. Resident and Community Benefits 15

9. The journey towards a Smart City 16

10. Smart City Case Example – One Central Park 17

11. About OptiComm 18

12. Resources 18

13. Contact Us 18


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1. INFRASTRUCTURE AND DENSITY IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT Since the Victorian era there has been a recognition that increasing population density in cities requires investment in infrastructure. In London in the early 19th Century the sewers ran directly into the Thames and the water supply was badly contaminated. Cholera outbreaks were frequent. In 1849, Dr John Snow identified that contaminated water was transmitting the cholera bacteria and in 1856, Joseph Bazalgette, chief engineer for the Metropolitan Board of Works, was given the responsibility for creating the modern London underground sewerage system. There is no doubt that the population density of the city of London could not be supported without this critical infrastructure that is still in use.

Higher levels of population density, in both Greenfield and Urban Renewal developments, requires innovative infrastructure. To meet the demands of modern high density living, developers are increasingly turning to the private sector to provide innovative infrastructure for Electricity, Hot and Cold water, Gas and Telecommunications and Community services in new developments.

To deliver cost effective outcomes above and beyond what can be achieved by simply augmenting existing infrastructure, new solutions must act synergistically to achieve higher levels of efficiency. For example,

at One Central Park in Sydney, a trigeneration system uses gas to generate electricity, hot water and cold water for cooling. System elements use networks for communication and control. The network connection of community infrastructure elements is the foundation of what we are now calling - a Smart City.

Bazalgette viewing the Northern Outfall branch of the new London sewer system. BBCImage Source: http://theappendix.net


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2. IS BROADBAND ENOUGH?What is a ‘Smart City’ and how does it differ from the built-form we are accustomed to today?

A Smart City uses Information Communications Technology (ICT) network infrastructure to connect and manage the assets of a city or community precinct. As we move towards the age of the Internet of Things (IoT) we expect that community infrastructure will also be enabled for network connectivity and remote control. Even with the rollout of National Broadband Network infrastructure can we be sure that communities can access the full benefit of integrated connectivity? Not necessarily – Broadband alone is not enough.

Commercially available fixed line broadband is typically delivered by a Retail Service Provider (RSP). That is fine for a household or business, however what if a connection is required for a water pump, power meter, solar panel, wayfinder, electric car charger or any of the devices required to enable a smart city? All those devices have network capability, however if they are to work as a part of an integrated Smart City system, then they all need to be connected to a Local Area Network (LAN) with a very low cost per connected device. Telecommunications networks are typically a Wide Area Network (WAN) with a price per connection set at a retail price point. If every IoT device in smart city has to be connected at a retail price point the cost would be prohibitive.

The solution is to engage a private sector Telecommunications Carrier who can provide low cost access for a community to a LAN for device in a Smart City in addition to providing the WAN to provide residential and commercial broadband services.


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3. THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)Although a buzz word, the ‘Internet of Things’ (IoT) is really about the trend for all appliances and equipment to have networking capability. Implementing network connectivity into appliances and equipment is happening today and it is going to change the world – here’s why….

PHASE 1 – THE CLOUD

Right now, products, systems and services that used to have real-world supply chains are being replaced by application software and storage inside the Internet. Books, music, movies, newspapers and retail shopping are disappearing into the cloud. Traditional industries such as taxis and hotels are being disrupted by cloud based applications such as Uber and Airbnb. The entire process of financing, design, prototyping, manufacture and distribution of products can now be outsourced online.

At a consumer level today this usually just means that an appliance or system is Internet connected and has a smart-phone app, however this is just the beginning…

PHASE 2 – ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION

Once devices are networked they can be remotely controlled by application software to perform tasks. Soon robotics will begin to

eliminate all kinds of routine tasks. Tomorrow’s Smart Cities will enable everything from autonomous vehicles to dynamic safety, security and precinct-wide environmental systems.

PHASE 3 – ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) will enable automated devices to perform higher level functions previously carried out by skilled workers and professionals. Tomorrow’s Smart Cities will be able to think for themselves.

The IoT is an enabler for Smart Cities as it allows technology to be deployed across a precinct and to operate as a synergistic system. IoT also creates a platform for the cities’ systems to take advantage of developments in Automation, Robotics and Artificial Intelligence.


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4. WIRED OR WIRELESS?Most IoT devices have the ability to have either a wired or a wireless connection. The most appropriate type of connection is determined by the type and location of the IoT device. For example, an underground pump will not have a clear radio path and will need to be wired. A smart bin, however, may communicate via a wireless network.

A major consideration in determining if an IoT device is wired or wireless is the bandwidth requirement. Bandwith intensive equipment such as Ultra High Definition CCTV cameras are better suited to a wired connection. A wireless access point on a Smart Pole will need to have a wired connection. Although wireless technology such as mobile phone networks are enabling superfast speeds at low latency, which is perfect for autonomous vehicles, they are still limited in terms of the volume of data required to deliver high definition video.

Demand for fixed line broadband is exploding, driven in the main by the demands of streaming video services and online video gaming.

5. THE PROTOCOL DROID AND THE SMART POLEIn the movie Star Wars, C-3PO is a protocol droid, fluent in six million languages.

In the real world, appliances and systems communicate using a wide variety of protocol languages across a broad range of communications platforms. Here’s a sample:

• Bluetooth – used for near field wireless communication between devices like headphones

• ZigBee – used for near field wireless communication between devices like security systems

• Z-Wave – used for near field wireless communication in home automation

• SIP – used for voice communication across Ethernet Networks

• GSM – used to create mobile phone networks

• Wi-Fi – used for local wireless networks

• RS-232 – used for wired communication between devices such as Energy Meters

OPTO


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• ModBus - used for communication between industrial devices

• Ethernet/TCP-IP – used for creating wired communication networks

• GPON – a standard for communications using Optical Fibre

Protocols and communication standards are constantly evolving and have been created to meet the specific needs of the equipment and systems that use them. Although there is a trend for convergence, for now, this plethora of protocols and communications platforms are here to stay.

PROTOCOLS AND PLATFORMS USED:

• Wi-Fi Access Point – connected via Ethernet • CCTV Camera – connected via Ethernet • Motion Sensor – ZigBee to Ethernet • Environmental Sensor – ZigBee to Ethernet• Digital Signage – connected via Ethernet • Smart Meter – RS232 to Ethernet• LED Street Luminaire – DALI to Ethernet• Façade Lighting - DMX to Ethernet• Emergency Audio - connected via Ethernet• WAN – Ethernet to GPON Optical Fibre

SMART POLE

“Smart Grid” Street lightPhotocell control, 0-100%

dimming, On-demand light levels

“WAP” Wireless access point with dual band transceiver

App BasedWireless Control

Notification(indicator light)

Solar

Digital street sign

Facade lighting(colour changing)

Smart Meter RS232 to Ethernet

Environmental Sensors

Water Detection

Concealed Placement Speakers (CPS)TM, Music, Announcements, Alerts

Image sensor Proximity sensorsPedestrian counter

CCTV CameraConnected via Ethernet

Digital SignageWay finding, Traffic

direction, Alert notification, Civic

information, Revenue generation via

advertising

OPTO

OptiComm Network


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THE SMART CITY SHOPPING LISTThere are now a wide range of community and precinct infrastructure elements that can be networked in a Smart City. The tables below demonstrate how a private infrastructure provider is well placed to design, integrate or deploy infrastructure and services:

TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES:

ITEM TYPE TYPICAL TELCO OPTICOMM

Broadband & Telephone Telecommunications Service

Free-to-Air TV and FOXTEL™ Telecommunications Service

Community Wi-Fi Telecommunications Service

World TV – Indian, Chinese, BBC Telecommunications Service

Community TV Information Channel/Community Portal Telecommunications Service


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Embedded Utilities – Energy & Water (Metering & Control)Community Network support for 3rd party solution

Smart Light pole – Safety, Security, Environment and Communications

Community Network support for 3rd party solution

Community Information KioskCommunity Network support for 3rd party solution

Precinct CCTV surveillanceCommunity Network support for 3rd party solution

PRECINT INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNITY SERVICES:


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Video Intercom ConnectivityCommunity Network support for 3rd party solution

In Home Display (IHD) for Utility MonitoringCommunity Network support for 3rd party solution

Building Services – BMS/EMSCommunity Network support for 3rd party solution

Building Access ControlCommunity Network support for 3rd party solution

Building CCTV SystemCommunity Network support for 3rd party solution

RESIDENTIAL IN-BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE:


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People Counters Community Network support for 3rd party solution

Commercial Wi-Fi Community Network support for 3rd party solution

Wi-Fi Analytical Software Community Network support for 3rd party solution

IP PABX System including handset Community Network support for 3rd party solution

CCTV with Facial Analytics (recognition) Community Network support for 3rd party solution

DAS/IBC (Indoor Mobile Phone Coverage) Community Network support for 3rd party solution

Background Music and AV Community Network support for 3rd party solution

PA / EWIS (Emergency Warning) Community Network support for 3rd party solution

Wayfinding Community Network support for 3rd party solution

Building Access Control with Card Access Community Network support for 3rd party solution

RTLS (Real Time Location Services) Community Network support for 3rd party solution

Metering and Control Community Network support for 3rd party solution

Wireless Lockers Community Network support for 3rd party solution

Park Assist/Number Plate Recognition Community Network support for 3rd party solution

COMMUNITY FACILITY, RETAIL SHOPPING CENTRE AND COMMERCIAL FACILITIES:


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6. BIG DATA AND LOCAL ACTIVATIONAlthough it will be possible to quantify the benefits of some infrastructure on a basic cost-benefit analysis (for example: calculating if private water or embedded energy infrastructure is more cost effective than using public utilities), other benefits, however, require data to estimate advantages over the medium to long term relative to a benchmark or baseline.

Green Star, NABERS and BASIX rating and certification systems are built on assumptions extrapolated from acquired data sets.

• Green Star – a rating system for assessing the sustainability of new buildings.

• NABERS (National Australian Built Environment Rating System) NABERS is a national rating system that measures the environmental performance of Australian buildings, tenancies and homes.

• BASIX (Building Sustainability Index) BASIX is an initiative of the NSW Government to ensure homes are designed to be more energy and water efficient.

WHAT IS BIG DATA?

Google defines Big Data as: “Extremely large data sets that may be analysed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations, especially relating to human behaviour and interactions.”

The key point about Big Data is that it is essentially a roll-up of lots of pieces of small data to point to a trend or pattern. These trends assist in the benchmarking, planning and assessment of infrastructure requirements.

The Australian Urban infrastructure Network (AURIN see: https://aurin.org.au/ ) collect data sets from a wide range of public and private sector data providers. These data sets include:

• Demographics, Social Indicators and Economic Activity

• Urban Design and Housing

• Health and Quality of Life

• Infrastructure and Transport

CAN BIG DATA ASSIST WITH LOCAL URBAN PRECINCT ACTIVATION?

Big data sets are useful for high level modeling and planning at a Government level, however the data in a Smart City can be acquired in real time and utilised to deliver short, medium and long term outcomes within a development.


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DATA SOURCE AUDIENCE OUTCOMES

CCTV Analytics - People and Vehicle Counters Council and Authorities, Local Retailers, Police and Emergency Services, Event planner

Understanding movement of people across a precinct at specific times to develop strategies for precinct activation

Wi-Fi Analytical Software Council and Authorities, Local Retailers, Police and Emergency Services, Event planner

Understanding movement of people across a precinct at specific times to develop strategies for precinct activation

Environmental Monitoring Granular information available in real time gathered in the precinct and made available to systems and stakeholders including residents

Micro-climate information can be made available on smart phones and also as inputs to embedded systems to increase efficiency

Embedded Utilities – Energy & Water (Meter-ing & Control)

Data can be provided to all stakeholders including residents

Understand Energy and Water consumption, mix of renewables and financial benefits

Smart Light pole – Safety, Security, Environ-ment and Communications

Council and Authorities, Local Retailers, Police and Emergency Services, Event planner

Data from multiple Smart Poles can be used to understand movement of people across a precinct at specific times to develop strategies for precinct activation, efficient lighting and safety responses.

In Home Display (IHD) for Utility Monitoring Data can be provided to all stakeholders including residents

Understand Energy and Water consumption, mix of renewables and financial benefits

Digital Signage Data can be provided to the community Instant access to up-to-date information

EXAMPLES OF USING BIG DATA FOR LOCAL ACTIVATION:


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7. THE SYNGERGISTIC CITYAs the Internet of Things networks connect devices and systems across a city, automation, artificial intelligence and real-time data acquisition come together to create Urban Environments that can ‘think for

themselves’. Data sourced from a range of systems in the community such as Smart Poles, Embedded Power Networks and Smart Buildings can be applied in real time so that the urban environment can adapt dynamically to changes in people and vehicle movement as well as local environmental conditions to optimise efficiency in the use of energy and water as well as safety and security outcomes for the community.


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8. RESIDENT AND COMMUNITY BENEFITSIncreasing urban density in cities has the ability to deliver more than simple bottom-line improvements for developers. Smart Cities have the potential to improve the lifestyle of both individual residents and communities. Examples include:

• Superfast fixed line telecommunications to support streaming of entertainment as well as commercial grade services for education, medical, business and innovation hubs

• Wireless coverage of parks and community spaces for mobile devices

• Underground infrastructure – visually appealing without power lines, antennas and satellite dishes on dwellings

• Reduced utility costs for residents and owners corporations through embedded utilities

• Activated precincts with feature lighting and community displays

• Safety and security of public spaces can be enhanced

• Residents feel that they are living in a sustainable community with a reduced carbon footprint

• Councils can reduce lighting costs through motion sensing and daylight harvesting

• Recycled water can be reticulated in parks, gardens and green walls

• Residents can understand the mix of renewables they consume and make choices in real time

• Solar and Battery storage can be aggregated at the community level creating a micro-grid to power community facilities

• Environmental monitoring at a local level can enable granular real-time responses by smart building infrastructure

• Flexible infrastructure to support future services and innovation such as autonomous transport

• Real time data analytics can contribute to understanding how residents and communities are interacting with the urban environment so that short-term strategies for improved urban activation can be developed as well as contributing to knowledge for long-term urban planning


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9. THE JOURNEY TOWARDS A SMART CITYAlthough a Smart City is a complex web of infrastructure, applications and services, creating an evolving platform to support today’s needs whilst able to build on future needs can be relatively straightforward. Here are some examples of initial steps that developers can take when embarking on planning a Smart City project:

EVALUATE PRIVATE DISTRIBUTED INFRASTRUCTURE PROVIDERS VS. CENTRALISED UTILITIES. CONSIDER:

• Project economics, cost-benefit analysis

• Resident and Community tangible and intangible benefits

• Sustainability dividend

• Past experience

PROVIDE CABLE PATHWAYS TO KEY COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENTS SUCH AS:

• Smart street light poles

• Micro-grid solar and battery storage elements

• Distributed water and sewer plant and equipment

• Community Wi-Fi access points

• Community hub

ENSURE YOUR WHOLESALE TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROVIDER IS CAPABLE OF SUPPORTING THE FOLLOWING:

• Connectivity to key community infrastructure elements

• Access for community applications and services

• Support for future applications including education and employment

• Support for specific demographics and trends


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10. SMART CITY CASE EXAMPLE – ONE CENTRAL PARKLocated opposite the University of Technology Sydney and close to Sydney’s Central Station, the redevelopment of the old Carlton & United Brewery site occupies 5.8 hectares of land and delivers 235,000 sqm of prime real estate.

This ultra-green, 5 Green Star rated development by Frasers Property and Sekisui House, consists of 2,200 apartments across 8 towers, 25,000 sqm commercial office space, student dwellings, heritage buildings, new parklands, a 5 level 20,000 sqm shopping centre, a future boutique hotel and a range of new community facilities.

Central Park’s green credentials extend beyond the massive vertical green walls that grace One Central Park. Central Park houses the largest membrane bioreactor recycled water facility in the world. The development also houses a gas powered tri-generation energy system that uses waste heat from power generation to create hot water and chilled water which provides space heating and cooling to the entire development. The tri-gen facility and bioreactor were provided by Flow Systems.

OptiComm’s ultra high-speed fibre optic GPON network connects Central Park’s next generation telecommunication and building automation systems. The network provides up to 1Gbps Internet, phone, Foxtel, Freeview TV, video intercom, CCTV and connectivity for the energy monitoring system in every apartment.

The renowned French firm, Ateliers Jean Nouvel designed the first residential stage of Central Park called ‘One Central Park’ which consists of two towers of 16 and 33 storeys. The eastern tower features a passive solar heliostat that extends from the upper levels with an awe-inspiring cantilever. The heliostat includes a system of fixed and motorised mirrored panels designed to capture and re-direct sunlight into the retail atrium and onto the landscaped terraces below. By night, the heliostat’s integrated lighting display comes to life in an art piece known as ‘Sea Mirror’, designed by Yann Kersale.


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11. ABOUT OPTICOMMOptiComm is an Australian Government policy compliant wholesale Carrier that delivers Telecommunications services over Optical Fibre networks to both Master Planned Communities (MPC) and Multi-Dwelling Unit (MDU) residential and commercial developments. OptiComm networks fully comply with the amendments to the Federal Telecommunications Act that were required to facilitate the Government’s national broadband network regulatory framework.

12. RESOURCESOptiComm has more detailed documentation available at www.opticomm.net.au

13. CONTACT USAdditional information is available on the OptiComm website at www.opticomm.net.au or for further information please contact:

Phone: 1300 048 054

Email: [email protected]


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