national economic survey of iraq 1 the agriculture survey part 1 november 21, 2004

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National Economic Survey of Iraq

The Agriculture Survey

Part 1

November 21, 2004

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The Agriculture survey done to build up a data base for Agriculture in Iraq .

It is the only source of information after the war.

It is a unique source for policy making and testing hypothesis.

It shows the great opportunities to invest in agriculture.

The Agriculture Survey

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Overview

70% of farm land is state owned.

Farming characterized by large input subsidies.

Low productivity (30% of possible productivity according to Mosul study).

Significant salinity and calcinate problems stem from water quality issues on irrigated land.

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Land Resources

Land األرض

Total Land Area

Land Suitable for Cultivation

الصالحة األرضللزراعة

Pasture المراعي

Forest الغابات

Swamp & Marshes (Ponds)

المستنقعا

Rivers And Lakes

والبحيرا األنهار

Desert الصحارى

Mountains الجبال

Land Area 173,651,200 42,952,800 25,897,200 4,484,400 7,894,400 5,861,600 72,920,800 13,989,700

Percentage 100% 24.68% 14.88% 2.58% 4.54% 3.37% 41.90% 8.04%

1 Donum=2.5 H

ectare

Desert الصحارى 41.90 %

Mountains الجبال8.04 %


األرض

للزراعة الصالحة24.68%

Forest الغابات2.58%

Swamp & Marshes

(Ponds المستنقعات (4.54 %

Rivers And Lakes والبحيرات األنهار

3.37%

Pasture المراعي 14.88%

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District of Cultivated Land

Land (in Donum) األرض Land Suitable for Cultivation

للزراعة الصالحة األرض

Percentage of The Land Suitable for Cultivation

للزراعة الصالحة األرض نسبة

Land Area Suitable for Cultivation 42,952,800 100%

Rainfed الديمية رخواردى / االراضي دهباران 12,600,000 29.33%

Irrigated / ئاوديرى المروية 30,352,800 االراضي 70.67%

1 Donum=2.5 H

ectare

Rainfed الديمية االراضي29.33 %

Irrigated المروية االراضي

70.67 %Actually Cultivated

32.95% Effected By

Salinity االراضي

بالملوحة المتاثرة الزراعية

67.0541%

67% of the irrigated land is classified salt-affected soils, which require special agriculture management

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Management:Salt Affected Soils

Recommendation :

1. Reduce soil salinity through construction of drainage systems to lower high water tables and allow leaching of salts.

2. Improve productivity of land through:

A) Addition of organic matter source to improve soil structure .

B) Addition of balanced fertilizers, including N, P, K and micronutrients (Zn and Fe).

C) Ensure the practice of deep plowing to break the clay hardpan and the practice of land leveling and smoothing.

D) Follow crop rotation.

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Soil Quality التربة نوعPercentage

المئوية النسبة

Sandy Loam الرملية 12.50%

Clay Loam الطينية 20.00%

Loam + Silt Loam + الطينيةالصاصال 37.50%

Silt clay + Silt Clay Loam + الطينية الطينيةالصلصال 17.50%

Rocky ( Gravels & Small Fragments ) - الحصى الصخرية 5.00%

Soil Quality of Land

1 Donum=2.5 H

ectare Sandy Loam الرملية 12.50%

Clay Loam الطينية 20.00%

Loam + Silt Loam

الصاصال + الطينية

37.50%

Silt clay + Silt Clay Loam + الطينية

17.50, الصلصال الطينية

%

Rocky ( Gravels & Small Fragments ) الصخرية -الحصى

5.00%

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LAND TENUREاالراض ملكية

Total Area of Cropland PUBLICLY OWNED PRIVATELY OWNED

39,421,396 27,098,794 12,322,602

100% 69% 31%

1 Donum=2.5 H

ectare

PUBLICLY OWNED, 69%

PRIVATELY OWNED, 31%

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Land Area Publicly Owned

Total Area of the Land Publicly Owned

Distributed (MOA) الموزع

Rented (MOA) المؤجرة

Waqif Land

لوقف Other

اخرى

27,120,397 8,785,315 18,134,266 179,213 21,603

100.00% 32.39% 66.87% 0.66% 0.08%

1 Donum=2.5 H

ectareOther اخرى

Distributed (MOA) الموزعة

32.39%

Waqif Land

الوقف

0.66%


66.87%

0.08%

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1 Donum=2.5 Hectare

Governorate / المحافظةناوجه

Nassiriya الناصرية

Muthanna مثنى

Amara العمارة

Basra البصرة

KutكوتBabylon

بابلDiwaniya ديوانية

Najaf النجف Karbala كربالء

Baghdaبغدادd

ديالىDialah

Anbar أنبارTikrit تكريت

Erbil اربيلSuleimaniyaال

سليمانية دهوكDahuk

Tamim التأميم

Ninevah نينوى

Land Suitable for Cultivation األرض

للزراعة زه / الصالحةكال كشتو وى

3360738 1291826 1701852 1225611 3260677 1117777 2778958 618782 421314 109645 3913415 1271566 4120658 2297400 2200100 552357 3154530 8199037

65.13% 6.24% 26.47% 16.07% 47.52% 54.59% 85.21% 5.37% 20.92% 6.02% 55.32% 2.31% 42.28% 38.10% 32.31% 21.07% 81.48% 54.92%

Cropland األراضيوى / المزروعة زه

كالكراوه كشتو

1561593 887817 1150663 515283 2979942 1085761 2224466 617653 421314 108301.5 3777172 1074322 3764075 1125560 1774400 94439.2 2104888 7693814

30.26% 4.29% 17.90% 6.76% 43.43% 53.03% 68.21% 5.36% 20.92% 5.94% 53.40% 1.95% 38.62% 18.67% 26.06% 3.63% 54.37% 51.54%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

Land Suitable forCultivation األرض

الصالحةللزراعة / زهوى كال كشتو

Cropland األراضيالمزروعة / زهوىكشتو

كالكراوه

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Land Area Publicly Owned

Total Area of the Land Publicly Owned

Distributed (MOA) الموزع


Waqif Land

لوقف Other

اخرى

27,120,397 8,785,315 18,134,266 179,213 21,603

100.00% 32.39% 66.87% 0.66% 0.08%

1 Donum=2.5 H

ectareOther اخرى

Distributed (MOA) الموزعة

32.39%

Waqif Land

الوقف

0.66%


66.87%

0.08%

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CropsHarvested

Output (In Ton) بالطن االنتاج

Wheat 2,134,199.2

Barley 1,149,859.6

Maize 580,531.4

Sorghum 39,187

Rice, Paddy, Regular 200,869

Cotton 115,511

Sunflowers 39,709.6

Crop Production

Wheat , 2134199.2

Barley , 1149859.6

Sorghum , 39187

Rice, Paddy, Regular , 200869

Cotton, 115511 Sunflowers , 39709.6

Maize , 580531.4

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Crops Year 1985

Year 1986

Year 1987

Year 1988

Year 1989

Year 1990

Year 1991

Year 1992

Year 1993

Year 1994

Year 1995

Year 1996

Year 1997

Wheat 1406 1036 722 929 691 1136 1476 1006 1187 1342 1117 1000 1100

Barley 1331 1046 743 1437 663 1854 1768 1509 1562 971 900 800 900

Rice 149 141 196 141 232 229 189 180 206 283 260 240 250

Maize 41 53 61 77 104 172 297 260 280 228 215 210 220

Production of Crops

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Year1985

Year1986

Year1987

Year1988

Year1989

Year1990

Year1991

Year1992

Year1993

Year1994

Year1995

Year1996

Year1997

Wheat

Barley

Rice

Maize

Grain Production Per (1000 Ton)

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National Economic Survey of IraqHarvested Output

(In Ton)بالطن االنتاج

Total المجموع

Beans, Broad 11,032

Beans, String 74,390

Green Beans 163,827

Cabbages 22,713

Carrots 30,979

Cauliflower 45,059

Melon 20,986

Iraqi Squash 60,282

Round Squash (intl) 157,400

Cover Squash 90,425

Beet 23,090

Green Pepper 79,909

Onions 182,445

Lettuce 169,172

Okra 344,266

Potato 774,638

Water Melon 586,338

Tomatoes 1,400,328

Eggplant 527,512

Cucumber 480,331

Production of Crops

Potato , 774638

Water Melon , 586338

Tomatoes , 1400328

Eggplant , 527512

Melon , 20986

Cauliflowers , 45059

Carrots 30979Cabbages 22713

Iraqi Squash , 60282

Round Squash (intl) , 157400

Cover Squash , 90425

Beet , 23090

Green Pepper , 79909

Green Beans , 163827

Beans, Broad , 11032

Beans, String , 74390

Cucumber , 480331

Lettuce , 169172

Okra , 344266

Onions , 182445

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Livestock Quantity

Oxen 201,525 ثيران

Cattle ابقار 1,864,515

Goat ماعز 1,547,275

Sheep اغنام 9,805,128

Buffalo جاموس 119,882

Chicken 65,703,699 دجاج

Egg ( 100 Egg ) بيض 4,735,000

Fish سمك 2,934,000

Livestock Resource

Chicken دجاج 65703699

Oxen 201525 ثيران

Cattle 1864515 ابقار

Fish 2934000 سمك

Egg ( 100 Egg ) بيض4735000

Buffalo جاموس119882

Sheep اغنا9805128 م

Goat 1547275 ماعز

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National Economic Survey of IraqLivestock Year

1985Year 1986

Year 1987

Year 1988

Year 1989

Year 1990

Year 1991

Year 1992

Year 1993

Year 1994

Year 1995

Year 1996

Year 1997

Year 1998

Year 1999

Sheep 9400 9300 9150 9000 8800 8631 5800 5600 5400 5150 5100 5000 5000 4800 4600

Goat 1850 1700 1600 1500 1400 1350 1070 960 800 650 500 350 350 330 310

Buffalo 160 160 155 150 145 140 105 95 90 85 80 75 75 70 65

Camels 68 66 63 61 60 59 14 13 13 13 13 13 13 12 12

Cattle 1648 1638 1618 1580 1550 1520 1150 1130 1100 1050 1030 1000 1000 950 950

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

Year1985

Year1986

Year1987

Year1988

Year1989

Year1990

Year1991

Year1992

Year1993

Year1994

Year1995

Year1996

Year1997

Year1998

Year1999

Sheep

Goats

Buffalo

Camels

Cattle

Livestock’s Quantity By Time

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Type of Meat Year 1990

Year 1991

Year 1992

Year 1993

Year 1994

Year 1995

Year 1996

Year 1997

Year 1998

Year 1999

Beef 42240 26000 18000 16500 15000 13050 9525 9525 9000 8000

Sheep 24800 16310 12600 11160 9936 8424 6864 9152 8000 7500

Goat 6780 5340 4800 4020 3300 2520 1800 1800 1750 1750

Chicken 192283 16854 55000 75000 87000 105000 97500 97500 97000 97000

Camel 2275 525 525 508 516 525 525 525 525 525

Buffalo 2520 1890 1710 1620 1500 1425 1350 1350 1300 1300

Meat Production ( One Ton )

Meat Production

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

Year1990

Year1991

Year1992

Year1993

Year1994

Year1995

Year1996

Year1997

Year1998

Year1999

Beef

Sheep Meat

Goat Meat

Chicken Meat

Camel Meat

Buffalo Meat

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Years Year 1985

Year 1986

Year 1987

Year 1988

Year 1989

Year 1990

Year 1991

Year 1992

Year 1993

Year 1994

Year 1995

Year 1996

Year 1997

Year 1998

Year 1999

Year 2000

Fertilizer 60 68 111 84 132 64 40 53 75 107 105 106 129 129 125 135

Quantity Of Fertilizer ( Kg / Hectare )

0

50

100

150

Year1985

Year1986

Year1987

Year1988

Year1989

Year1990

Year1991

Year1992

Year1993

Year1994

Year1995

Year1996

Year1997

Year1998

Year1999

Year2000

Years Year 1985

Year 1986

Year 1987

Year 1988

Year 1989

Year 1990

Year 1991

Year 1992

Year 1993

Year 1994

Year 1995

Year 1996

Year 1997

Year 1998

Year 1999

Year 2000

Tractors 12 14 20 15 23 11 11 9 8 10 15 14 18 16 16 17

Number Of Tractors ( 1000 Hectare )

0

5

10

15

20

25

Year1985

Year1986

Year1987

Year1988

Year1989

Year1990

Year1991

Year1992

Year1993

Year1994

Year1995

Year1996

Year1997

Year1998

Year1999

Year2000

Utilization of Fertilizer & Tractors

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Countries Year 1990

Year 1991

Year 1992

Year 1993

Year 1994

Year 1995

Year 1996

Year 1997

Year 1998

Year 1999

Year 2000

Iraq 64 40 53 75 107 105 106 129 129 125 135

Syria 73 108 82 93 99 92 109 105 98 108 119

Jordan 150 183 132 246 168 128 246 224 216 205 205

Egypt 422 389 354 395 332 408 455 366 421 394 395

Iran 129 114 135 90 111 112 119 128 139 179 156

Turkey 134 126 137 157 107 121 128 130 155 167 167

America 283 302 288 338 301 335 313 316 328 344 340

Canada 96 103 112 116 133 140 131 140 145 145 145

Average Use of Fertilizer: International Comparison

Quantity Fertilizer ( Kg/ Hectare):

050

100150200250300350400450500

Year1990

Year1991

Year1992

Year1993

Year1994

Year1995

Year1996

Year1997

Year1998

Year1999

Year2000

Iraq

Syria

Jordan

Egypt

Iran

Turkey

America

Canada

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Countries Year 1990

Year 1991

Year 1992

Year 1993

Year 1994

Year 1995

Year 1996

Year 1997

Year 1998

Year 1999

Year 2000

Iraq 11 11 9 8 10 15 14 18 16 16 17

Syria 15 18 19 20 22 23 27 26 28 31 31

Jordan 56 64 57 107 96 56 61 46 47 44 44

Egypt 24 23 24 31 30 32 35 32 34 32 32

Iran 24 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23

Turkey 49 50 52 53 55 56 58 63 63 68 68

America 73 77 72 79 75 80 74 75 77 81 81

Canada 34 35 36 37 40 39 35 37 38 41 41

Average Using of Tractors: International Comparison

Numbers of Tractors (1000 Hectare)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Year 1990 Year 1991 Year 1992 Year 1993 Year 1994 Year 1995 Year 1996 Year 1997 Year 1998 Year 1999 Year 2000

Iraq

Syria

Jordan

Egypt

Iran

Turkey

America

Canada

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Remarks

Suggestions for Increasing Agricultural Productivity:

Rainfed : 1.Apply balanced fertilization ( N,P,K and Zn, Fe) .2.Practice modern mechanization for soil preparation.3.Implement of supplementary irrigation for semi-rainfed areas to ensure the proper level of moisture required for wheat and barley crops.

Lower Jezira Region:1.Implement of water harvest techniques to where water is the most limiting facture to improve barley fodder productivity.2.Apply of balanced fertilization.

Gypsiferous Soils ( in Jazira, Salihadian, Anbar and Al-Tamim Area):1.Use sprinkler irrigation instead of furrow irrigation for Wheat, Barley, Corn, sunflower. 2.Use drip irrigation for vegetable crops ( Tomato, Cucumber, Eggplant and Watermelon) 3.Implement needed fustigation practice.

Irrigated Area in Mesopotamian Plain:

1.Use sprinkler irrigation instead of traditional ( surface ) method.2.Apply recommended fertilizers ( Macro. And Micronutrients). 3.Follow crops rotations.4.Add of organic matter source to improve soil structure.5.Ensure practice of deep plowing, land leveling, and smoothing.

national economic survey of iraq 1 the agriculture survey part 1 november 21, 2004

Documents

irrigated land

productivity of land

practice of land

farm land

donum land suitable

soil quality of land

cultivation land area

agriculture survey slide