national environmental research institute department of freshwater ecology wfd-monitoring in denmark...

National Environmental Research Institute • Department of Freshwater Ecology

WFD-Monitoring in DenmarkNOVANA

Brian Kronvang

NERI


WFD-monitoring set new standards for a holistic interdiciplinary programme

Riverchemistry

Riverhydrology

River morphology

Riverbiology

River

Ecology


Surveillance monitoring

Surveillance monitoring shall provide information

for supplementing and establishment of:• Reference conditions in streams and rivers,

• Design of future monitoring programmes,

• Assessment of long-term trends in natural conditions,

• Assessment of long-term trends resulting from widespread anthropogenic activities.

The Danish River Monitoring Programme shall

fulfil the requirements of:• National Administrative Requirements

• Other EU Directives

• Other International Requirements (eg. HELCOM, OSPAR)


Operational Monitoring (regional)

Additional monitoring points shall be selected for streams and

rivers not fulfilling the objective of a good ecological quality as

follows:• pressures from point source(s);• pressures from diffuse anthropogenic sources;• significant hydromorphological pressures.

An initial analysis of pressures and ecological impacts in

Danish streams and rivers will be conducted catchment

by catchment to investigate the needs for further Operational

Monitoring Points being situated:• Downstream major urban areas with or without sewage treatment plants;• Downstream major industrial plants;• Other point sources (oil treatment facilities, mining, fish ponds, etc.);• Integrated monitoring in agricultural catchments.


Investigative monitoring

Investigative monitoring shall be carried out

where:• the reason for any exceedance is unknown• surveillance monitoring indicates that the ecological

objectives set are not likely to be met• the magnitude and impacts of accidental pollution is not

known

Examples could be: Accidental discharges from Nuclear Power Plants, oil

refineries, etc. Sudden changes in the ecological state in a river shown

by the biota in order to clarify the reason(s) Investigation of nutrient fluxes in agricultural catchments


Perspectives

A very strict timetable exists for the

implementation of EU’s Water Framework

Directive regarding:

• River Typology (December 2004)• Pressure - Impact Analysis (December 2004)• Establishment of Reference Conditions (December 2004)• Establishment of WFD Monitoring Programme (December

2006)


Surveillance and Operational Monitoring of Streams in Denmark

NOVANA

Danish Aquatic Monitoring Programme 2004-


The stream and river network Surveillance Monitoring

Extensive River Network

Catchmentarea (km2)

< 10 10-100 100-1000 > 1000 Total

Number ofreferencestations

40 40 30 10 120

Number ofimpactstations

200 200 200 80 680


Extensive Ecological monitoring The ecological quality in streams

800 stream stations once

every 6 years

• 680 impacted stations• 120 reference stations• A sub-set of 250

stations every 3 years

• Sampled once• Macroinvertebrates (DVFI)• Macrophytes• Fish• Plants on riparian areas• Stream physical description• Hydrological regime• Organic matter, nutrients

and macro-ions


The stream and river networkSurveillance Monitoring

Intensive River Network

Catchmentarea (km2)

0-100 100-1000 > 1000 Total

Number ofreferencestations

9 - - 9

Number ofimpactstations

100 69 2 171


Monitoring of hydrology, nutrients, organic matter and acidification

• A total of 180 stream stations with fortnightly sampling

• 110 river ‘mouth’ stations for loading to sea

• 9 reference catchments

• 75 mostly agricultural catchments

• 5 larger streams with organic and inorganic micro-pollutants (pesticides, heavy metals, PAH’s, PCB,s, etc.


Intensive Ecological Monitoring The ecological quality in streams and riparian areasOperational Monitoring

50 stream stations once

every year

• Sampled once during each year

• Description of land use in riparian areas

• C/N/P in riparian soils

• Macroinvertebrates (DVFI)• Macrophytes (permanent

transects)• Fish• Plants on riparian areas• Extended stream physical

description• Hydrological regime• Organic matter, nutrients

and macro-ions


Monitoring of Lakes Surveillance and Operational Monitoring

NOVANA



Lake monitoring

• 23 larger lakes (>5 ha) intensively sampled 12-26 times every year.

• 240 larger lakes (>5 ha) sampled in a 3 year rotation (80 lakes every year) monthly in summer period.

• 480 small lakes (0.1-5 ha) sampled in a 6 year rotation (80 lakes every year) monthly in summer period.

• 480 ponds (0.01-0.1 ha) in a 6 year rotation (80 ponds every year) with 1 sample per year.


Monitoring of GroundwaterSurveillance Monitoring

NOVANA



Groundwater monitoring

• 70 GRUMO areas in different parts of Denmark each having on average of 20 wells in younger and deeper groundwater reservoirs.

• Sampling every 6 year in old groundwater reservoirs

• Every 1-2 year in younger groundwater


Groundwater monitoring

• Age (CFC-gas dating)• Nutrients• Macro-ions• Pesticides and metabolites• Inorganic trace metals• Organic micro-pollutants (PAH, phenols,

detergents,etc.)


Monitoring of Agricultural catchments - investigative monitoring

NOVANA



Six representive micro-catchments

• Questionnaire of farmers behaviour on the field level every year (6 catchments)

• Soil water stations (6-8 fields in each catchments with 10 suction cups in 1 m depth - weekly sampling in runoff period)

• Subsurface tile drainage water stations (1-4 stations in 3 catchments - point sampling and flow-proportional sampling)

• Groundwater stations (20 wells per catchment in 1½-5 m depth and a few deeper wells).

• One stream station per catchment (fortnightly point sampling and flow-proportional fortnightly composite sampling).

• Modelling of nitrogen leaching applying the DAISY model.

• Modelling of catchment hydrology and nitrogen dynamics (3 catchments).


Variables included

• Climatic and hydrologic variables at all stations

• Nitrogen fractions at all stations• Phosphorus fractions at all stations• Pesticides in groundwater wells• Other micro-pollutants as heavy metals,

PAH’s, PCB’s, etc.


Future needs - 1• Conduct a linked pressure/impact analysis for sub-basins in

Lithuania based on the existing monitoring data and collected data on point source emissions, land use, agricultural

• Select the future river surveillance monitoring stations.

• Select the future river operational monitoring stations.

• Defining and digitising catchment boundaries for RBD’s, sub-basins and monitoring stations.

• Optimising sampling strategies and development of final sampling and analytical protocols.


Pressure - Impact analysisCatchment by catchment

Point source pollution

Assessment of expected hydro-morphological,

chemical and biological quality

Catchment analysis

Monitoring

Land-use River morphology

Non-point source

pollution

WaterAbstractions

River Basin Management Plans

Implementation of measures


Future needs - 2

• Identification of potential reference sites.

• Develop “models” to predict reference conditions as the observed deviation from the expected biological reference characteristics is used to express ecological quality at a given stream site as a ratio between 0 and 1.

• Calibrating existing biological indices to Lithuanian conditions.

• Development of regional monitoring activities to support local decision-makers and to validate that the RMP is representative.

national environmental research institute department of freshwater ecology wfd-monitoring in denmark...

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