National History Day How to: Creating a Performance

What is a Performance?

• A live dramatic presentation performed as an individual or group.• Scripted

• Based on research• Structured around thesis statement,

supporting statements, and conclusion

• Tip: It is not just a recitation of a historical paper!

The BasicsCheck the Contest Rule Book for complete rules

• Time limit: 10 minutes to perform. 5 minutes to set up and break down.

• Media: Only the performers can operate it.• Costumes: Create own, have one made,

rent, borrow. Do not have to be expensive to be accurate.

• Live performance: Don’t be afraid! Everyone watching is there to support you.

What Makes a Performance Different?

• Presented live.• You have to develop a strong narrative so

that your story unfolds in a dramatic and visually interesting way.

• You wear costumes and

have props.• Have to memorize your

script.

What does your project need to “do”?

• Tell a story• Reveal change over time• Consider historical

perspective• Provide context• Ask questions• Draw conclusions• Find facts

How do I choose a topic?

• Brainstorm topics related to the theme.

• Learn what historical resources are nearby.

• Think through controversial topics.

• Choose something you think is interesting!

How do I research my topic?

• Start with secondary sources• They help you understand your

topic more completely.• Will point you toward primary

sources.• Help you pick the specific themes

and key questions you want to address and ask.

Can I use websites?• Yes, but don’t do all your research

there.

How do I research my topic?

• Primary sources!– NHD defines these as materials directly

related to a topic by time or participation.– Sources can be both primary and secondary

depending on how it’s used.– Look in the footnotes and bibliographies of

secondary sources to find them.– Talk to a librarian, historian,

teacher, or archivist!

Evaluating your sources

• Not all primary sources are primary to your topic.

• Think about these questions:– What type of source is it?– What is the date?– Who created it?– Where was it produced?

What do I put in a performance?

• Remember you only have 10 minutes.• Does it fit the theme?• Does it further the story you’re telling?• Is it visually interesting?• How many characters will you need to tell

your story?• Does it convey the importance of the

events or theory?

Your “Script”• A 10 minute performance = roughly 5 double-spaced

pages.• Clear thesis and strong supporting points.• Historical accuracy.• Range of emotion.• Action! This is a performance.• Compelling narrative with conflict and resolution.• Strong conclusion.• Do you need audio/visual aids? • Edit, double check, rewrite.• Check out the library or ask your teacher for examples.

What should my performance look like?

• Consider your sets and props. You only have 5 minutes to set up. Doesn’t need to be elaborate to tell your story.

• Consider where you will stand, move, or

relate to your set. • Consider your costumes. Consult original

photographs or costume guides. You must be

the one making all the decisions about it.• Sometimes simple is better.• Have fun with it!

Your Annotated Bibliography and Citations

• Bibliography: List of sources typed that you consulted in creating your performance. Keep a working bibliography as you research.

• Annotations: Brief descriptions of how the source was useful to your research.

• For both annotations and citations refer use the MLA or Turabian style manuals.– Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and

Dissertations.– Joseph Gibaldi, MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers.

Tips!• Watch your posture, gestures, motion, and voice.• Do not rush!• Memorize the action, emotion, and content with the words. • Focus on certain characters rather than narrating an entire

biography or timeline.• Establish your scene right away.• Again, less can be more! Your research, argument, and solid

script are the most important.• The performance stands alone: Judges should be able find all

your information in the performance.• Practice, practice, practice. Alone and in front of an

audience.

But, what if I have questions?

• That’s easy, contact: Cheryl Caskey at cheryl.caskey@ky.gov or 502-564-1792 ext.4461.

• Or, visit: http://nhd.org/CreatingEntry.htm.• Or, visit: www.facebook.com/kyjhs.• Or, visit: www.history.ky.gov.