National Human Resource

Development (NHRD)© Charlene Mutamba 2014

2004. NHRD is every effort, such as education, training, cultural activities and institutional improvement at national and societal levels for the purpose of efficient development and utilization of national

human resources (Cho & McLean).

2004. NHRD goes beyond employment and preparation for employment issues to include health, culture, safety, community,

and a host of other considerations that have not typically been perceived as manpower

planning or human capital investment (McLean, p. 269).

2004.NHRD in the context of Kenya’s national HRD is synonymous with education to eradicate

“ignorance, disease, and poverty therefore NHRD initiatives should address population, human

resource planning and development, education, manpower training, employment and labor market policies, poverty interventions, youth development,

health, shelter, housing and other welfare perspectives (Lutta-Mukhebi, p. 327).

2004. NHRD is a process or processes of organized capability and competence based

learning experiences undertaken within a specified period of time to bring about

individual and organizational growth and performance improvement, and to enhance

national economic, cultural and social development (Lynham & Cunningham, p.319).

2004. NHRD in St. Lucia is a process whereby the private, public, and other sectors collectively implement programs directed at

the development of workforce skills, knowledge, and attitudes that are driven by national development goals. It focuses on reforming the education system and the

development of the workforce (Scotland, p. 359).

2005. NHRD is the development of a national policy of skills development and is

normally devised by governmental administration departments. Human

Resource Development initiatives can be regionally oriented within a nation state or

incorporate partnerships with other governments (Metcalfe & Rees, p.457).

2005. NHRD is all the activities and efforts that contribute to the understanding and development of human expertise, that

improve workplace learning and performance, and that yield individual, organizational, and national benefits, within the context of overall economic, social, and human development

(Cox, Estrada, Lynham, & Motii, p.445).

2006.NHRD in Brazil as a systematic development of human skills, capabilities and

knowledge through multilevel learning processes directed by an organizational, community and

national mission and strategy for the purpose of performance improvement as evidenced in the

wellbeing and growth of individuals and the organizations, communities and national of which

they are an integral part (Hasler, Thompson & Schuler, p. 108).

2006. NHRD is the national effort to maximize social efficiency for and publicize human

resources. These goals can be achieved by enhancing social capital, such as morality and character, and developing core competencies

required for a knowledge-based economy, leading to individual growth, efficient utilization of

management systems and, ultimately, competency of the whole nation (Ahn & McLean, p.263).

2012.NHRD as encompassing education and training issues, which include: basic education, industrial training, productivity

and equity in labor forces and workplaces, creation of comparable labor market data,

lifelong learning and management development (Ardichvili, Zavyalova and

Minina).