national polar-orbiting environmental operational satellite system (npoess)

NAST-IERNAST-IERNPOESS Airborne Sounder TestbedNPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed

July 10-11, 2003July 10-11, 2003NASA LaRC, Hampton, VANASA LaRC, Hampton, VA

Stephen A. MangoStephen A. Mango

Chief ScientistChief ScientistNPOESS Integrated Program OfficeNPOESS Integrated Program Office

National Polar-orbiting Environmental Operational Satellite System (NPOESS)

NNATIONAL ATIONAL PPOLAR-ORBITING OLAR-ORBITING OOPERATIONAL PERATIONAL EENVIRONMENTAL NVIRONMENTAL SSATELLITE ATELLITE SSYSTEMYSTEM

Why this Meeting ?Why this Meeting ?


NPOESS• Needs an Airborne Sounding

- Testbed for Risk Reduction - Calibration/Validation System

i.e. a NAST !!!• Needs a NAST for the Duration of the Program (~2025) to

accomplish Cal/Val Requirements !!![to help accomplish Pre-Launch Risk Reduction/Verification of Concepts and the Post-Launch immediate intensive Cal/Val activities, the intermittent and the sustaining Cal/Val activities throughout the mission]

• Present NAST System- Probably CAN NOT- Realistically SHOULD NOT

“make it through” 2025 !!!


NPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed [NAST]

OBJECTIVESSimulate Candidate Spaceborne Instruments

- (CrIS, ATMS, IASI)• Evaluate Key EDR Algorithms• Preview High Resolution Products (Spectral & Spatial)• Under Flight Calibration/Validation•

INSTRUMENTS [NAST-I & NAST-M]NAST-I: IR Interferometer [FTS] Sounder

• NAST-M: Microwave Sounder*• Co-Boresighted IR and Microwave• IR Interferometer [FTS] Sounder 3.5 – 16 µm

- High Spectral Resolution (1000 < du / u < 2000)- High Sensitivity in a cold scene

• 0.10 K NEDT @ 14.9 µm (250K)• 0.15 K NEDT @ 8.2 µm (250K)• 0.20 K NEDT @ 4.7 µm (250K)

• Microwave Sounder[3 Bands, 16 Channels] 54, 118, 183 GHz

NAST on ER-2

20 km ALTITUDENADIR 2.6 km IFOV± 23 km GROUND COVERAGE± 48 o Scan

*Hurricane BonnieCross-Section

NNATIONAL ATIONAL PPOLAR-ORBITING OLAR-ORBITING OOPERATIONAL PERATIONAL EENVIRONMENTAL NVIRONMENTAL SSATELLITE ATELLITE SSYSTEMYSTEMNNATIONAL ATIONAL PPOLAR-ORBITING OLAR-ORBITING OOPERATIONAL PERATIONAL EENVIRONMENTAL NVIRONMENTAL SSATELLITE ATELLITE SSYSTEMYSTEM

DMSP

POES

NPOESS

DMSP/POES to NPOESS DMSP/POES to NPOESS Convergence / Evolution of Satellite SystemsConvergence / Evolution of Satellite Systems


NPOESS Preparatory NPOESS Preparatory Project [NPP] [NPP] “Bridge from EOS to NPOESS”“Bridge from EOS to NPOESS”

NPP

NPOESSEOS

AQUA LTAN 1330

“Bridges EOS & NPOESS Climate Measurement

Missions”


CY 99 00 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1803 08 09 1001 02 0704 05 06

Local Eq

uato

rial C

rossin

g T

ime

Deliveries

As of: 15 DEC 2002

Satellite Transition ScheduleSatellite Transition SchedulePOES/DMSP/WindSat/Terra/Aqua/NPP/NPOESSPOES/DMSP/WindSat/Terra/Aqua/NPP/NPOESS

FY 99 00 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1803 08 09 1001 02 0704 05 06

1330 POES

EOS-Aqua

NPOESSC2N’N16

Earliest Availability

0530 DMSP

0730 - 1030

NPOESSC3F20

NPOESSDMSP

POES

EOS-Terra

METOP

NPOESSF16

17

F17 F19

F15 F18 C1 C4

C5

C6

Most probable launch dateEarliest Probable Launch Date(s)

WindSat/Coriolis

------------------10 Year Mission Life------------------

NPP

• FY04 President’s Budget National Launch Forecast

• Slopes indicate 10-90% need

CVWG EB – Meeting 6/12/03Slopes indicate 10-90% need) - - Slopes indicate 10-90% need) - - Projected End of Life based on 50% Need


NPOESS Status/Overview

• Contract was awarded on August 23, 2002 to TRW (now Northrop Grumman ST) for $4.5B

• Contract consists of:- 6 satellites (3 Orbits-one satellite + a replacement /orbit) - Taking over all government instrument contracts- Buying all “leveraged” instruments- Integrating GFE instruments (ADCS and SARSAT)- Building and deploying all ground systems

• C3 and data retrieval• Data processing hardware and software

- Software for worldwide users• Operating system through IOC (2011)

- with option to 2019 ~2018 + 7 yr Lifetime = ~ 2025


CMIS - μwave imager/sounderVIIRS - vis/IR imagerCrIS - IR sounderATMS - μwave sounder OMPS - ozone mapper/profilerGPSOS - GPS occultation ADCS - data collectionSESS - space environmentAPS - aerosol polarimeterSARSAT - search & rescueTSIS - solar irradianceERBS - Earth radiation budgetALT - altimeter

NPOESS Satellite System

Single satellite design with common sensor locations

CMIS

VIIRS

CrIS

ATMS

ERBSOMPS

NPOESS 1330 LAN Configuration

1330 1730 2130VIIRS X X XCMIS X X XCrIS X X ATMS X XSESS XGPSOS XOMPS X ADCS X XSARSAT X X XERBS XSS X X XALT XTSIS X


NPOESS Single Satellite SolutionNPOESS Single Satellite Solution

• Common spacecraft design for all three planes

• Common sensors in the same place for efficient integration and re-configuration

1330 LTAN1330 LTAN 1730 LTAN1730 LTAN2130 LTAN2130 LTAN

Sun Sun

Sun


Satellite has room for growth, but considerations are needed for FOV, area, etc.

= Available real estate

+Xs/c

(VELOCITY)

SESS EUVLIMB IMAGER

+Ys/c

(ANTI-SUN)

GPSOSGVA

VIIRS

SESS UVDISK IMAGER

ATMS

CrIS

HRDANTENNA

OMPS

CMIS

SESSBEACON

SS

ADCSANTENNA - TX

ERBS

SESSLEPS

TSIS

SARSAT/ADCSANTENNA - RX

SMD ANTENNA

SS

LRDANTENNA

SARSATANTENNA - TX

APS

NADIRS-BAND

ATMS

CrIS

+Xs/c

(VELOCITY)

+Xs/c

(VELOCITY)

+Ys/c

(ANTI-SUN)

+Ys/c

(ANTI-SUN)

1.8m2

(19ft2)

1.8m2

(19ft2)

3.5m2

(38ft2)

1330 1730 2130GPSOSGAVA

NPOESS SatelliteNPOESS Satellite


Environmental Data Records (EDRs) with Key Performance Parameters

Cloud Top Pressure Cloud Top Temperature Downward Longwave Radiance (Sfc) Downward Shortwave Radiance(Sfc) Electric FieldElectron Density ProfileEnergetic Ions Geomagnetic Field Ice Surface TemperatureIn-situ Plasma Fluctuations In-situ Plasma Temperature Ionospheric ScintillationMedium Energy Charged Particles Land Surface Temperature Net Heat FluxNet Solar Radiation (TOA) Neutral Density Profile Color/ChlorophyllOcean Wave Characteristics Outgoing Longwave Radiation (TOA) Ozone - Total Column/Profile

Precipitable Water Precipitation Type/Rate Pressure (Surface/Profile) Sea Ice CharacterizationSea Surface Height/Topography Snow Cover/Depth Solar Irradiance Supra-Thermal-Auroral ParticlesSurface Type Wind Stress Suspended Matter Total Water Content Vegetation Index

Atmospheric Vertical Moisture ProfileAtmospheric Vertical Temp ProfileImagerySea Surface TemperatureSea Surface WindsSoil MoistureAerosol Optical ThicknessAerosol Particle SizeAerosol Refractive IndexAlbedo (Surface)Auroral BoundaryAuroral Energy DepositionAuroral ImageryCloud Base HeightCloud Cover/LayersCloud Effective Particle SizeCloud Ice Water Path Cloud Liquid Water Cloud Optical ThicknessCloud Particle Size/Distribution Cloud Top Height

NPOESS/NPP Data ProductsRaw Data Records (RDRs)

Similar to Level 1A for CEOS/NASA.~ 150 giga bytes per day (similar to Terra or Aqua).

Sensor Data Records (SDRs)Similar to CEOS/NASA Level 1B

Environmental Data Records (EDRs)Similar to CEOS/NASA Level 2.

NPP Provides 25 of 55 NPOESS EDRs.

VIIRS

OMPS CrIS/ATMS CMIS SES

GPSOS

ERBS

TSIS ALTFlight on NPP

Flight on NPOESS

12 Mbps 3 Mbps

VIIRS (23)CMIS (19)CrIS/ATMS (3)OMPS (1)SES (13)GPSOS (2)ERBS (5)TSIS (1)ALTIMETER (3)APS (4)

APS


“NAST” Multiplicities

• What is done for NAST/NAST-IER must be Mission-Driven

- Must plan NAST Missions to be able to consider NAST-IER

- Not necessarily a “Zero-Sum Gain”

i.e.,

NAST Missions plus NAST-IER Development /Missions not necessarily a “constant”

# Sounders# Sounders # Platforms# Platforms# Complements

of Other Sensors# Complements

of Other SensorsIssues, $Issues, $X X =


Possible NAST-IER Scenario

• Ready for NPP Launch (~ early 2007)• Necessary Steps in NAST-IER Development/Shakedown• Implies 4 years of FY Funding, FY04-FY07, at best• What Missions must be accomplished with present system

during this 4-year period ???????(consistent with “Mission Driven Principle”)


NPOESS/NPP Airborne Calibration and Science Validation Program

CY: 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

Wallops 98CAMEX-3

WintexWallops99

Cloud-IOP/Terra Cal-Val & CART WV-IOP

NPP(CrIS, ATMS, VIIRS)

NPOESS(CrIS, ATMS, VIIRS)

Key:- past field missions - near term field missions - candidate future field missions - space-based sensors to be validated

CAMEX-4 /Pre-CRYSTAL

CRYSTAL

EOS-Terra (AM)

(CERES, MODIS, MOPITT)

EOS-Aqua(PM)(AIRS, AMSU, CERES, MODIS)

Satellite Under Flights of Opportunity

METOP(AMSU, GOME, HIRS, IASI, MHS)

CHEM(HIRDLS, MLS, OMI, TES)

ER-2 Proteus

EO-3 GIFTS

PICASSO-CENACloudSat

NPP Calibration & Science Validation [IPO, NASA, NOAA, DoD, DOE, NSF]

?????


NAST-I or S-HIS : Scanning Michelson InterferometerNAST-I or S-HIS : Scanning Michelson Interferometer• 9000 or 4500 Spectral Channels: 3.5 – 16, or 25, microns “for CrIS”“for CrIS”• 45 km swath (2.5 km nadir resolution from 65 kft)

NAST-M : 16 Channel Microwave SpectrometerNAST-M : 16 Channel Microwave Spectrometer• 50-60 GHz,113 -119, 183 GHz ( 1640-6000 microns) “for ATMS”“for ATMS”• 65 km continuous swath (2.5 km resolution from 65 kft)

MIR: Millimeter Imaging RadiometerMIR: Millimeter Imaging Radiometer• 6 Spectral Channels (89, 150, 184, 186, 190, 220 Ghz) “for ATMS”“for ATMS”• Spatially Scanning ( 50 km Swath/1.2 km nadir res. from 65 kft)

AMPR : Advanced Microwave Precipitation RadiometerAMPR : Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer• 4 Channels (10.7, 19.35, 37.1, 85.5 GHz) “for “for ATMS/CrIS”ATMS/CrIS”• Spatially Scanning ( 30 Km Swath/0.6-2.8 km res. From 65 kft)

MAS : MODIS Airborne SimulatorMAS : MODIS Airborne Simulator• 50 Spectral Channels (0.55 – 14.2 Microns); 25 SW, 25 IR “for VIIRS”“for VIIRS”• Spatially Scanning ( 40 km Swath/50 m res. from 65 kft)

CLS : Cloud LIDAR SystemCLS : Cloud LIDAR System• 2 Spectral Channels (0.532 and 1.064 Microns) “for Sounders, Clouds & “for Sounders, Clouds & • Nadir Viewing (20 m horizontal resolution from 65 kft) Aerosols”Aerosols”

NPOESS/NPPCalibration & Science Validation

[Nominal ER-2 Payloads][Nominal ER-2 Payloads]


NPP Calibration & Science Validation NPP Calibration & Science Validation on Proteuson Proteus

Performance:Performance:• Ceiling 65-80 Kft (50.5Kft demonstrated to date)• Airspeed 300 ktas• Endurance 22 hrs (15.8 hrs demonstrated to date)• Operating Altitude: 100 to 65000 ft (Can Profile) Maximum Payload:Maximum Payload: > 4500 lbsRunway RequiredRunway Required: 3000 ft by 50 ftSeatsSeats: pilot, co-pilot, and scientist / sensor operator; cabin pressurized to 7000 ft

NAST-I : Scanning Michelson InterferometerNAST-I : Scanning Michelson Interferometer• 3.5 - 16 microns (spectral resolution = 0.25 cm-1)• 45 km 13 element swath (2.5 km resolution from 65 Kft)NAST-M : 16 Channel Microwave SpectrometerNAST-M : 16 Channel Microwave Spectrometer• 50-60 GHz and 113 -119 GHz ( 2300-6000 microns)• 65 km continuous swath (2.5 km resolution from 65 Kft)FIRSC : Far Infrared Michelson InterferometerFIRSC : Far Infrared Michelson Interferometer• Far IR (75-125 microns & 285-1000 microns @ 0.1 cm-1)• Nadir along track viewing ( 1.0 km resolution from 65 Kft) MicroMaps : Gas Filter Correlation RadiometerMicroMaps : Gas Filter Correlation Radiometer• 4.6 micron, CO profiling• Nadir along track viewing ( 1.0 km resolution from 65 Kft)


NAST-I Vs Raob, AERI/GOES, Raman LIDAR


Strawman NAST-IER Mid-IR RequirementsSpectral Limits (SL): 3.5 to 15 m

Spectral Resolution (SR): Selectable from 0.25 to 1.25 cm-1 Field of Regard (FOR): 2 km from 20 km flight altitude

Ground Resolution (GR): Contiguous at 500 meters from 20 km flight altitude within a single FOR

Cross-track Scan Coverage (CTSC): Selectable from 2.0 km to 20 km, depending on spectral resolution, from 20 km flight altitudefor an aircraft speed of 400 kts

Along-track Scan Coverage (ATSC): FOR contiguity at 20 km for an aircraft speed of 400 kts

Noise Equivalent Temperature (NedT): Spectrally random brightness temperature error 0.25K @ 0.25 cm-1 spectral resolution within the spectral range of 4.5 to 14 m for a scene temperature of 260 K

. Absolute Error (AE): Absolute brightness temperature error 0.5K within the spectral range of 4.5 to 14 m for scene temperatures

within the 200-300 K range.


Strawman NAST-IER Mid-IR Requirements (cont.)Scan Angle Coverag (SAC): Selectable over a range from Zenith

(180) to Horizontal (at either + or - 90) to any combinationof a set of viewing angle steps which together provide contiguous coverage over a range from 50 degrees about Nadir (0).

Calibration Sources: Warm Blackbody, Ambient Blackbody, Zenith Sky View

Lifetime: 10 years through parts replacement over time

Design type: Modular to allow for detector, spatial and spectral resolution,

and data system upgrades as technology matures throughout the lifetime of the NASTER

Operational Requirements: Command Uplink/Data Downlink via over-the-horizon communications

Aircraft Compatibility: ER-2 (20 km), Proteus (17 km), Global Hawk (20 km), WB-57 (18 km),and, if feasible, the new SCI space plane “Spaceship 1” (55 km).


Sensor Specifications/Requirements[Spectral, Spatial, Temporal, etc]

CrIS NAST-I NAST-IER S-HIS

Reqt 1

Reqt 2

Reqt 3

…

Reqt N


“ “ Let the Discussion Begin ”Let the Discussion Begin ”

national polar-orbiting environmental operational satellite system (npoess)

Documents

neednational polar

airborne sounding testbed

sustaining calval activities

calval requirements

mhigh spectral resolution

high sensitivity

ground systemsc3

ground coverage