nato respond to military threats dr. arūnas molis 25 april, 2014 tallinn european security
TRANSCRIPT
NATO respond to military threats
Dr. Arūnas Molis25 April, 2014
Tallinn
European security
Overview
• NATO has made a long way since 1949
• It evolved few times – showed flexibility
• First it was a war-fighting defensive alliance
• Then it was a force of peacekeeping and
concilliation (Balkan Wars)
• Balkan wars created NATO as an
interventionist force
• NATO created „out of area” operations
• It gave NATO a new life
• Now it is a global alliance, focusing on different
threats from a regional and global perspective
• The most powerful in the whole world
NATO’s Problems
TERRORISM
PROLIFERATION OF WMD
MISSILE THREATS
CYBER SECURITY
PIRACY
ENERGY SECURITY
United States
Canada
France
United Kingdom
Belgium
Netherlands
Luxembourg
Denmark
Italy
Norway
Iceland
Portugal
1952
Greece
Turkey
Western Germany
Spain
Poland
Czech Republic
Hungary
1955
1982
1999
2004
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
2009
Albania
Croatia
Overview
1949(Foundation of NATO)
1989/1991(End of the Cold War)
1992(War in Bosnia and Hercegovina)
1999(War in Kosovo)
2001(War in Afghanistan)
2011(War in Libya)
NATO
Enlargement towards Balkans
Discussions around the new NATO
Strategic concept
Return of France to NATO
Stuck in Afghanistan
Global partnerships?
New tasks http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FziXbYrmAdk
The North Atlantic TreatyThe North Atlantic Treaty
Preamble expresses timeless shared values, interests.
Art. 2: commitment to promote international peace and political, economic cooperation.
Art. 4: pledges cooperation to deal with THREATS to “territorial integrity, political independence or security.”
Art. 5: mutual defense commitment.
Art. 10: countries that can “further the principles” and “contribute to the security of the North Atlantic Area” may be invited to join.
NATO and the Baltic States
Air Policing, investments http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=0CeYNFii6sY&feature=related
Capabilities http://tv.delfi.lt/video/n8MLgXdL/
Defence plans http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6o5OLbGP6iM
Military exercise, training http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=mfyZUCpEvf8
Permanent consultations (e.g. on New NATO Strategic Concept) http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=e-RwrK4PugE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZkm2G_i1Qs
Casualties
New NATO
• „New” NATO - new aims and goals were created
• A large-scale invasion on NATO’s territory is no
longer the main concern
• NATO does not focus on defence but on
combatting WMD proliferation and terrorism
• NATO is no longer a “eurocentric” alliance, as
shown by the operation in Afghanistan and the
training mission in Iraq, also Libya
• NATO is an instrument that can be used
whenever common security interests of the allies
are threatened
• NATO’s operational commitments stretched from
the western end of the Mediterranean to Eastern
Afghanistan, bordering on China
• NATO is a very important (probably the most
important) political-military organization
Debates on additional NATO’s reassurance
Geopolitical competition continues
Post-Cold War hopes for growing harmony vanished (Balkan wars, NATO air strikes, US missile defence, RF-Geo war, etc.)
New ways of pressure are applied (energy, cyber, minorities)
New NATO and EU member states are marginalized
“Zones of special interests” are recreated
NATO MS pursue different interests, approaches and strategies
Who is ready for “fighting for the Baltic States”?
“Partners first” or “Russia first” ?
Resources for development of territorial or expeditionary force?
When and how to apply Article VI ? “The responsibility to defend an ally applies in case of an “armed” attack “on the territory of any of the Parties in Europe or North America”
Practical steps of reassurance
Reinforcing solidarity
Preserving the US involvement in European security
Freezing dialogue with aggressive and breaking the commitments external “partner”
Supporting the development of military infrastructure and reinforcement capabilities of new NATO MS
Study and plug the gaps in NATO’s respond abilities:
facilitation of procedures for bringing individual allies worries to the attention of NATO
creation of the NATO military experts composed body which would review potential enemies’ actions and other threats also draw recommendations for response
allocation of resources for contingency planning and exercises, development of appropriate weapons and expertise
Overcoming the strategic mistrust
Speed-up the NATO enlargement plans? Toward Eastern Europe and South Caucasus
Timely react to aggressive actions “AbsentWithOutLeave” during the Russia-Georgia war was unacceptable
Putting in place at least symbolic deployments Competence centers, missile defence elements, etc.
Improve the ability of new MS to receive military reinforcement Modernization of infrastructure, bases, ports, airfields
Insist on proper defence reforms The more reforms at home, the more attention from NATO
Assisting in doing “homework”
NATO’s role in energy security
NATO and Energy Security
Chicago Summit Declaration (2012) “we will work towards significantly improving the energy efficiency of our military forces; develop our competence in supporting the protection of critical energy infrastructure; and further develop our outreach activities in consultation with partners, on a case-by-case basis. We welcome the offer to establish a NATO-accredited Energy Security Centre of Excellence in Lithuania as a contribution to NATO’s efforts in this area”
Concept of CEO’s - since 2003
NATO ENSEC COE established aiming:
Contribute to NATO’s efforts to develop partnerships with and among everyone sharing strategic interests
Increase partners’ interest to cooperate inside and with NATO: introduce new cooperation areas, respond to their interests
Contribute to NATO’s, nations’ and partners’ interoperability, gain from broader subject matter discussion
Stimulate Nations’ and partners’ contribution to NATO’s OES: concepts, doctrines and capabilities development
Get human and financial support for NATO ENSECCOE “soft” activities: research, training, fellowship programs, etc.
Stimulate public – private partnership in the area of operational energy
Military Application of
Energy Innovations
• Promoting renewable (alternative) energy resources
•Improving energy efficiency
•Coordinating and promoting R&D projects
Military Application of
Energy Innovations
• Promoting renewable (alternative) energy resources
•Improving energy efficiency
•Coordinating and promoting R&D projects
Protection of CEI
• Concept development on CEI protection
• Analyzing risks and threats to CEI
• Supporting military capacity building for CEI protection
•PPP initiatives
International Cooperation on Energy Security
• International organizations and International law on energy security
•Consultations with partners
•Research and analysis
•Publications
International Cooperation on Energy Security
• International organizations and International law on energy security
•Consultations with partners
•Research and analysis
•Publications
PROGRAMS
NATO ENSEC COE
Structure of NATO ENSEC COE
US will initiate Note of Joining procedure shortly
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