natural calamitie's project

8/8/2019 Natural Calamitie's Project

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Impact of a largemeteorite

A powerful VolcanicEruption.

Earthquake underwater

An UnderwaterLandslide


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The ts

i is series f ce ves f very re tle th eri

e er te by i

lsive ist rb ces f the e rth's cr st.

r e e rthquakes ith e ice tres under r near the ceanand ithanet vertical dis lace ent f the cean

fl

r are the cause

f the

st catastr

hic tsunami.

lcanic erupti ns and submarine landslides are als responsible for tsunami eneration but their effects areusually localized. lthough infrequent, tsunami areamong the most terrifyingand complex physicalphenomenaandhave been responsible for great loss oflife and extensive destruction toproperty.

Because of their destructiveness, tsunami haveimportant impact on the human, social and economicsectors of our societies.


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The impact of tsunami on human society can be tracedback in written history to 1480 B.C., in the easternMediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wipedout by such waves. (photo of ancient city of Knossos, thecapital of the Minoan civilization).

Japanese records documenting such catastrophes extendback to A.D. 684.(1) North and South American recordshave dated such events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.

While most of the destructive tsunami have occurred inthe Pacific Ocean, devastating tsunami have alsooccurred in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, as well asthe Mediterranean Sea. A large tsunami accompanied theearthquakes of Lisbon in 1755, that of the Mona Passageoff Puerto Rico in 1918, and at the Grand Banks ofCanada in 1929.


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In spite of our technological improvements of the last two decades, we are still unable to providetimely warnings to many areas of the Pacific and none to other parts of the world.

Research is needed also in the real-time interpretation of seismic source parameters, which in turnmay help in tsunami evaluation.

In conclusion, the long-term objective should be for each country susceptible to the tsunami

hazard to build its technical and scientific infra structures to meet the hazards of a disastrousevent.

The immediate objectives of each country should be to assess this hazard in terms of potentialneeds and available resources.


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Inside the earth's core there is a red-

hot liquid rock, called magma.

Volcanoes happen when magma risesto the surface of the earth, which

causes bubbles of gas to appear in it.

This gas can cause pressure to buildup in the mountain, and it eventually

explodes. When the magma bursts

out of the earth, it is called lava.


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Volcanic Eruption Causes :


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Before thunderstorms de elop, a change in winddirection and an increase in wind speed withincreasing height create an in isi le, hori ontalspinning effect in the lower atmosphere.

Rising air within the thunderstorm updraft tiltsthe rotating air from hori ontal to ertical.Rising air within the thunderstorm updraft tiltsthe rotating air from hori ontal to ertical.

An area of rotation, 2-6 miles wide, now e tendsthrough much of the storm. Most strong and

iolent tornadoes form within this area of strongrotation.

An area of rotation, 2-6 miles wide, now e tendsthrough much of the storm. Most strong and

iolent tornadoes form within this area of strongrotation.


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Rising air within the thunderstorm updrafttilts the rotating air from hori ontal to

ertical.

Rising air within the thunderstorm updrafttilts the rotating air from hori ontal to

ertical.

An area of rotation, 2-6 miles wide, nowe tends through much of the storm. Moststrong and iolent tornadoes form withinthis area of strong rotation.

An area of rotation, 2-6 miles wide, nowe tends through much of the storm. Moststrong and iolent tornadoes form withinthis area of strong rotation.


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Weak Tornadoes

Strong Tornadoes

Violent Tornadoes


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