navigation nau 102 lesson 4. projection comparisons
DESCRIPTION
Other Projections Stereographic/Orthographic Used for polar navigation and decoration Points projected from opposite side of the earth or from infinityTRANSCRIPT
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Navigation
NAU 102
Lesson 4
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Projection Comparisons
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Other Projections
Stereographic/Orthographic
•Used for polar navigation and
decoration
•Points projected from opposite side of the earth
or from infinity
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Plotting Sheets
•Used mid-ocean
•Pre-labeled latitude lines
•No land/ocean features
•Unlabeled longitude lines•You can make your own!
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Plotting Sheets
Universal Plotting Sheet
•You label the latitude lines
•Can be used for any latitude/longitude
•You draw the longitude lines
•Longitude scale varies by mid-latitude
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Chart Scales
Scale – the ratio of a given distance on the chart to the actual distance which it
represents on Earth.e.g. 1:80,000 or 1/80,000
1 inch on chart = 80,000 inches on Earth
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Chart Scales
Scale can be stated by:
e.g. 1:80,000 or 1/80,000
e.g. “2 inches to the mile”
•Ratio or fraction
•A statement
•A graphic scale
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Chart Scales
Small Scale = Large Area
e.g.
1/100,000 vs. 1/10,000
Large Scale = Small Area
The larger the scale, the greater the detail.
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Chart Production
•National Geospacial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)
Charts are produced by the government
•Formerly National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA)
Charts of foreign waters:
•Lots of other names, too!
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Chart Production
•National Ocean Service (NOS)
•Part of National Oceanography & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Charts of US coastal and inland waters:
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Chart Numbers
•1 digit – no scaleCharts are numbered with 1 to 5 digits.
•2 digits – 1:9,000,001 and smaller•3 digits – 1:2,000,001 to 1:9,000,000
(e.g. Chart No. 1)
•4 digits – Special Purpose(e.g. Plotting Sheets)
•5 digits – 1:2,000,000 and larger
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Chart Numbers
•1st digit = Ocean Basin
2 & 3 Digit Charts•Cover entire (or most of) ocean basins
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Chart Numbers
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Chart Numbers
•1st digit = Coastal Region
5 Digit Charts•Most common charts, day-to-day use.
(Not the same as Ocean Basin)•1st & 2nd digits = Subregion•Digits 3-5 = Specific Location(Counterclockwise within subregion)
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Regions and Subregions
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Chart Numbers
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Chart Catalogs
•Free
•Produced by NGA and NOS
•Lists authorized sales agents
•Several volumes, by location
•Lists all available charts
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Use of the NGA Catalog
• Step One: Review the index of the world’s coastal regions/subregions.
Example: You are planning to enter Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Use of the NGA Catalog
Rio de Janeiro lies in Region 2
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Step #2 Locate theSmall-scale Coastal Chart
Use of the NGA Catalog
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Use of the NGA Catalog
Step #3 Locate the Harbor Charts
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Chart Scales
Charts are classified by Scale
•Used for mid-ocean navigation
Sailing charts < 1:600,000
General charts 1:150,000 to 1:600,000•Coastwise navigation
•Outside reefs and shoals
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Chart Scales
•Inshore coastal navigationCoastal charts 1:50,000 to 1:150,000
Harbor charts >1:50,000•Small harbors & anchorages
•Entering Large bays
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Chart Stock Numbers
For purchasing and inventory purposes.
•26 = subregion
E.g. 26AHA26230
•26A = portfolio number
•HA = chart series
•26230 = chart number
•HA = harbor•CO = coastal•GN = general•WO = world
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Chart Ordering
•Can buy a portfolio
•Can purchase individual charts
(E.g. 26A = General & Harbor charts for 26)
You must have the latest, large scale chart for your location.
•All (or most) charts in a subregion
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Chart Ordering
•Latest version is printed upon order and shipped overnight
Print on demand
Authorized Chart Agent•Copies on hand
•http://www.oceangrafix.com
•http://www.naco.faa.gov/Agents.asp•May need correcting prior to use
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Introduction to Navigation
Questions?