11-th International Science Conference SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL INFLUENCES Sofia, November 24-25, 2005

SPACE INSTRUMENTATION and TECHNOLOGIES

195

Ne w B u lg ar ian B u ild Sp e c t r o m e t r y - D o s im e t r y Ins tr u m e nts – Sh o r t D e s c r ip t io n

T s . D ac h ev, P l. D imitrov, B . T omov, Y u . M atviic h u k

Solar-Terrestrial Influences Laboratory, Bulgarian Academy of sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria, tdachev@bas.bg

The Liulin-4 and 6 type instruments main purpose are to measure the specter (in 256 channels) of the

deposited energy from primary and secondary particles at the aircraft altitudes, at Low Earth Orbits (LEO),

outside of the Earth magnetosphere on the route and on the surface of the planets of Solar system. They are a

miniature spectrometer-dosimeter containing: one semiconductor detector, one charge-sensitive preamplifier, 1

or more microcontrollers and a flash memory. It sensitivity was proved against neutrons and gamma radiation,

which allows monitoring of the natural background radiation also. Pulse analysis technique is used for the

obtaining of the deposited energy specter, which further is converted to deposited dose and flux from primary

and secondary particles in the silicon detector. Plug-in links provide the transmission of the stored on the flash

memory data toward telemetry or standard Personal Computer (PC). PC is used for the full management of the

spectrometer through standard serial or parallel communication port. Some of the last modifications use a

Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, USB fast serial port and Internet module to create VEB based site for

posting and save of the obtained data. Examples of the obtained spectra and important results are shown and

analyzed also.

Intr o du c tio n Liu lin-4 and 6 ty p e s p ectrom eters are s u cces s ors of the

B u lg arian-Ru s s ian d os im eter-rad iom eter LIULIN [1] and of

Liu lin-E0 94 [2] ins tru m ents . LIULIN w as ins talled in the

w ork ing com p artm ent of the M IR s p ace s tation in 198 8 .

LIULIN m eas u rem ents w ere carried ou t u nd er a w id e v ariety

of s olar and g eom ag netic activ ity cond itions [2-7 ] . Liu lin-

E0 94 w as a p art of the ex p erim ent D os im etric M ap p ing E0 94

w hich w as p laced in the US Lab oratory M od u le as a p art of

the H u m an Res earch Facility ( H RF) of Ex p ed ition Tw o

M is s ion 5A.1, STS-10 2 Sp ace Shu ttle Flig ht in M ay -Au g u s t

tim e fram e of 20 0 1 [8 -10 ] .

Ins t r u m e nt s de s c r ip t io ns

Space instruments

Liulin-ISS experiment on International Space Station (ISS)

The M ob ile

Rad iation Ex p os u re

Control Sy s tem -

Liu lin-ISS [11], s how n

on Fig u re 1 is p laned to

b eg in in D ecem b er of

20 0 5. The ins tru m ent is

m u tu ally d ev elop ed

w ith colleag u es from

IM B P , M os cow . It w as

d eliv ered to ISS in

Sep tem b er of 20 0 5 and

is ex p ected to b e

op erated b y 12th

crew

of ISS - Com m and er

B ill M cArthu r and

Flig ht Eng ineer V alery

Tok arev . It contains 4

M ob ile D os im etry

Units ( M D U) w ith d is p lay s and one Control and Interface

Unit (CIU) and is s ched u led to b e u s ed for 15 y ears in the

Serv ice Rad iation M onitoring Sy s tem of the Ru s s ian s eg m ent

of ISS. Follow ing inform ation is ab le to b e s how n on the

d is p lay s of M D Us : - Cu rrent d os e in (µG y /hou r) ; - Cu rrent

ev ent rate (Flu x ) (cm-2

s-1

) ;- Accu m u lated from the “ Sw itch

ON” d os e (µG y ) . The b attery op eration tim e of the

s p ectrom eters is ab ou t 7 d ay s . The w eig ht of M D U inclu d ing

8 0 g b attery is 229 g ram s , w hile the s iz e is 110 x 8 0 x 25 m m .

The p ow er cons u m p tion of the M D U is 8 4 m W .

On Fig u re 2 are

s how n the aircraft

flig ht res u lts

ob tained w ith 5 of

the 6 M D Us of the

s y s tem (2 M D Us are

s p are) . The flig ht

w as p erform ed on 17

Nov em b er 20 2 on

the rou te Sofia-

M os cow . It is w ell

s een from the p ictu re

that the d os es and

flu x es cu rv es from

d ifferent M D Us are

v ery clos e, w hich

g u arantee g ood d ata

from s p ace. Another

featu re s een from the

fig u re is the ris e u p

of the d os es and flu x es from left to rig ht, w hich is as a res u lt

of ris e u p of the g eom ag netic latitu d e of the flig ht and

res p ectiv e d ecreas e of the cu t-off rig id ity .

The Liu lin-ISS s y s tem w as s u cces s fu lly calib rated in 20 0 4

b y ou r Ru s s ian colleag u e – V ictor B eng in on H IM AC heav y

ion accelerator in National Ins titu te for Rad iolog ical Sciences

in Chib a, J ap an.

R3D spectrometer

The R3 D

s p ectrom eter [12] is

m u tu ally d ev elop ed

w ith the colleag u es

from Univ ers ity in

Erlang en, G erm any

and is ex p ected to b e

lau nched firs t

d es ig ned as R3 D -1 to

Ru s s ian s eg m ent of

ISS in 20 0 6 and nex t

to ESA Colu m b u s

m od u le in 20 0 8 as

F ig.1. External view of Liulin-ISS

dosimetry system. The large block

above is the CIU, while 2 M DUs

are shown below.

F ig.2. F light results obtained with 5

of the 6 M DUs of Liulin-ISS system.

F ig.3. External view of R3D

spectrometer as mounted in one of

the 8 holes of the EX POSE facility.

11-th International Science Conference SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL INFLUENCES Sofia, November 24-25, 2005

SPACE INSTRUMENTATION and TECHNOLOGIES

196

R3 D -2. On Fig u re 3 is

p res ented the R3 D -

1ex ternal v iew of the

s p ectrom eter w hile on

Fig u re 4 is s een an artis t

v iew of EX P OSE facility as

m ou nted ou ts id e of ESA

Colu m b u s m od u le.

EX P OSE w ill s u p p ort

long term in situ s tu d ies of

m icrob es in artificial

m eteorites as w ell as of

m icrob ial com m u nities from

s p ecial ecolog ical niches ,

s u ch as end olithic and

end oev ap oritic ecos y s tem s .

The Rad iation Ris k s Rad iom eter-D os im eter (R3 D ) is a low

m as s and s m all d im ens ions au tom atic d ev ice, w hich w ill

m eas u re s olar rad iation in 4 channels and cos m ic ioniz ing

rad iation. The fou r-channel: UV -A ( 3 15-4 0 0 nm ) , UV -B

(28 0 -3 15 nm ) , UV -C ( < 28 0 nm ) and P hotos y nthetic Activ e

Rad iation ( P AR) ( 4 0 0 -7 0 0 nm ) filter d os im eter w ill m eas u re

the s olar UV irrad iance in W /m2

. Ad d itional m eas u rem ents of

the tem p eratu re of the UV d etectors are p erform ed for m ore

p recis e UV irrad iance

m eas u rem ents . The

d ep os ited energ y s p ectra of

the cos m ic ioniz ing rad iation

w ill b e m eas u red in a 256 -

channel s p ectrom eter. The

analy s is of the s p ectra w ill

g iv e as w ell the total d os e in

µG y /h and the p article flu x

in p article/cm2

s .

M eas u rem ents of the UV and

ioniz ing rad iation p aram eters

w ill hav e 3 0 s econd tim e

res olu tion and w ill b e

trans m itted b y the ISS

telem etry s y s tem to the

g rou nd . All av ailab le d ata

w ill b e org aniz ed in a

s p ecializ ed d atab as e, w hich w ill s u p p ort the analy s is of the

ex p erim ents on the EX P OSE facility .

R3 D -1/2 ins tru m ents w ere b u ild and d eliv ered to

Univ ers ity of Erlang en for fu rther tes ts and calib rations . On

Fig u re 5 is s how n the v ib ration tes t of EX P OSE facility w ith

integ rated in R3 D -1 ins tru m ent.

The w eig ht of R3 D is 18 9 g ram s , w hile the s iz e is

7 6 x 7 6 x 3 4 m m . The p ow er cons u m p tion of the M D U is 120

m W .

In J u ne 20 0 5 w as p erform ed a s u cces s fu l ex p erim ent w ith

R3 D -B 2 ins tru m ent on Foton M 2 s atellite, w hich is ob ject of

s ep arate p ap er in this is s u e.

Aircraft instruments

The aircraft ex p erim ents w ere p erform ed b y d ifferent s iz e

and ex ternal v iew ins tru m entation. The firs t ty p e u s ed is s am e

as the M D Us s how n on Fig u re 1. The larg e s iz e (10 0 x 10 0 x 50

m m ) w ithou t d is p lay u nits are s how n on Fig u re 6 . Thes e ty p e

s p ectrom eters w ere s p ecially d es ig ned for long -term

m onitoring of the aircrafts

rad iation env ironm ent. The

total m as s is 0 .3 3 k g

inclu d ing 2x 0 .0 9 k g SAFT

LS-3 3 6 0 0 Li p rim ary

b atteries . The op eration tim e

of the s p ectrom eter is m ore

than 10 0 d ay s fu lfilling

u s u ally ab ou t 0 .3 6 M B of the

total 0 .5 M B flas h m em ory

w ith 4 8 0 s ec res olu tion. One

of thes e ty p e s p ectrom eters

w ork s s u cces s fu lly 5x 2 m onths on CSA A3 10 -3 0 0 aircraft

[13 ] . M os t rem ark ab le of it w ork there is the m eas u rem ents

d u ring the G rou nd Lev el Ev ent -6 0 ( G LE) on the rou te

P rag u e-New Y ork on 15.0 4 .20 0 1.

The long -term

v ariations of the Si d os e

and the Ev ent rate for the

flig ht b etw een

23 .0 3 .20 0 1 and

0 7 .0 5.20 0 1 are p res ented

on Fig u re 7 . Ou lu

neu tron m onitor d ata [14 ]

are u s ed for the reference

v ariations in the g alactic

cos m ic ray s . From Fig u re

26 it is w ell s een that

m eas u red onb oard m ean

d ata at the cru is e altitu d e

for the flig hts from

P rag u e to New Y ork and

the g alactic cos m ic ray s

v ariations correlate in

g reat d etails . The larg e

m inim u m s and p eak s

s een in the m id d le of the fig u re corres p ond to the forb u s h

d ecreas e and tw o s olar

cos m ic ray s ev ents in Ap ril

20 0 1.

Another config u ration of

larg e s iz e (90 x 8 5x 53 m m ) for

m onitoring of the aircrafts

rad iation env ironm ent is

s how n on Fig u re 8 . The total

m as s of it is 0 .29 k g

inclu d ing 1 recharg eab le

Sony Li-ion b attery . The

op eration tim e of the

s p ectrom eter is m ore than 3 0

d ay s . It u s es 1 M B flas h m em ory .

Liu lin-4 SN s p ectrom eter (10 0 x 8 5x 25 m m ) w ith 256

channels LETS s p ectrom eter and G P S receiv er is p res ented at

Fig u re 9 w here the s p ectrom eter is in the m id d le. Li-ion

Recharg eab le b attery p ack ag e is at the top of fig u re. B lack

b ox in rig ht p art of the fig u re is the G P S activ e antenna.

Thes e ty p e s p ectrom eters w ere s p ecially d es ig ned for the

IB ERIA airlines s p ace rad iation s tu d y p rog ram . The

s p ectrom eter is d es ig ned for m u lti-s es s ion u s e w ith the s am e

initializ ation p aram eters as the firs t one. G lob al P os itioning

Sy s tem receiv er is u s ed for p roces s ing the s ig nals from all

F ig.4. Artist view of EX POCE

facility as mounted outside of

ESA Columbus module.

F ig.5. Vibration tests of

EX POSE facility in ESA in

September 20 0 3. R3D-1 is

seen in the down right

corner.

F ig.6. Picture of the large

size LETS without display.

1

2

3

Mean

Dose

ra

te (

uG

y/h

ou

r)

5 0 0 0

6 0 0 0

7 0 0 0

8 0 0 0

9 0 0 0

10 0 0 0

Ou

lu N

M c

orr

ecte

d C

ou

nt ra

te (

co

un

ts)

0 .0

0 .5

1.0

1.5

M

ean

Even

t ra

te (

cm

^-2

s^-

1)

5 0 0 0

6 0 0 0

7 0 0 0

8 0 0 0

9 0 0 0

10 0 0 0

8 0 8 5 9 0 9 5 10 0 10 5 110 115 120 125Day in 20 0 1

15 A p ril1 A p ril 30 A p ril

NM counts

Dose

E v ent R ate

F ig.7 . Long-term variations of

dose and event rate obtained

with Liulin in comparison with

Oulu neutron monitor data.

F ig.8 . Picture of the large

size LETS with rechargeable

battery.

11-th International Science Conference SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL INFLUENCES Sofia, November 24-25, 2005

SPACE INSTRUMENTATION and TECHNOLOGIES

197

v is ib le G P S s atellites

for 3 D g eog rap hical

and tim e p os itioning

of the m eas u rem ents .

The receiv er p rov id es

an ou tp u t tim ing

p u ls e that is

s y nchroniz ed to one

s econd w ith UTC

(Univ ers al Tim e

Coord inated )

b ou nd aries . All

m eas u rem ents are

org aniz ed w ith UTC. The G P S antenna is ou ts id e of Liu lin-

4 S on a 5 m long cab le. The p ow er s u p p ly of Liu lin-4 S is

p erform ed w ith a D C/D C conv erter, w hich is electrically

ins u lated from the internal s ig nal g rou nd and from ex ternal

b ox , w hich m eet J AA req u irem ents for ins tallation of any

eq u ip m ent in an aircraft.

On Fig u re 10 are s how n a hig h res olu tion car rou te in Sofia

ob tained w ith the G P S

receiv er and p roces s ed

b y Liu lin-4 SN. The

line w ith b lack cros s es

is w ith 10 s

m eas u rem ent p eriod .

The antenna of the

G P S receiv er w as on

the roof of the car.

The s m alles t ins tru m ent, b u ild b y u s is s how n on Fig u re

11. This ins tru m ent w as s p ecially d ev elop ed for m onitoring

of the d os es

and flu x es at

p laces of

interes t d u ring

lab oratory tes ts

and d u ring

aircraft flig hts .

It is a m u lti

s es s ion

ins tru m ent,

w hich contains

internal clock -

calend ar k eep ing the correct d ate/tim e d u ring the life of

internal b attery i.e. not les s than 6 0 d ay s after the b eg inning

of the ex p erim ent. That is w hy after s w itch ON the

ins tru m ent s tart m eas u rem ents as the cu rrent d ate and tim e is .

New d ata are s tored in the flas h m em ory as a new s es s ion and

res p ectiv ely as a new file. There is p ractically no lim it of the

nu m b er of the m eas u rem ents s es s ions . Av ailab le flas h

m em ory cap acity of 1 M B is enou g h for s torag e of all s p ectra

w ith 10 s ec res olu tion for the lifetim e of the b attery of 6 0

hou rs .

The d ev elop m ent of internet technolog ies in las t tim e

s tim u lates u s for the d ev elop m ent of internet b as ed

s p ectrom eter, w hich

m eas u rem ents can b e

p os ted d irectly in a

internet p ag e (Fig u re

12.) . The internal

v iew of the

ins tru m ent is s how n

at Fig u re 13 . There

are 3 m icrocircu it

p lates s how n on

fig u re: The b ack tw o

p lates are d ev elop ed

b y is and it fu nctions is d es crib ed b elow in the p ap er. The

firs t p late tow ard the read er is a com m ercially av ailab le

internet m od u le w ith 22 M H z m icrop roces s or, 512K flas h

and 512K SRAM m em ory . This m od u le is connected d irectly

to the net w ith a s tand ard LAN interface. It g enerates H TM L

and FTP s tand ard com m u nication p rotocols , w hich are u s ed

for the g eneration of the W EB p ag e (Fig u re 14 .). and for

F ig.10 . Car route (line with crests (+ )) in Sofia obtained with

the GPS receiver and processed by Liulin-4SN .

F ig.11. External views of the Liulin-

4SN components.

F ig.12. External view of Liulin-6I W EB

based instrument.

Fig .13 . Ex ternal v iew of Liu lin-6 I

W EB b as ed ins tru m ent..

F ig.14a. Current values section of the Liulin-6I W EB page.

F ig.14b. Table and configuration section of the W EB page.

F ig.9 . External views of the Liulin-

4SN components.

11-th International Science Conference SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL INFLUENCES Sofia, November 24-25, 2005

SPACE INSTRUMENTATION and TECHNOLOGIES

198

trans fer of the total am ou nt of d ata . Cu rrent v alu es s ection of

the W EB p ag e look s as s how n on Fig u re 14 a, w hile the tab le

and s etting s s ection are s how n on Fig u re 14 b .

To op erate p rop erly the Internet m od u le req u ires s etting s of

fix ed “ IP Ad d res s ” , “ Net M as k Ad d res s ” , “ G ate W ay

Ad d res s ” and “ Nam e Serv er Ad d res s ” . The title, Internet

s etting s and FTP d ow nload link of the W EP p ag e are

org aniz ed in a p as s w ord p rotected “ Config u ration p ag e” .

After p rop er connection to AC/D C p ow er s u p p ly and to

Internet the ins tru m ent firs t is g etting from follow ing Internet

IP ad d res s : “ 129.6 .15.29” i.e. ( tim e-6 .nis t.g ov .NIST.

G aitherb u rg .M ariland ) the u niv ers al tim e - UT. If this

connection failed it s tarts to op erate at d efau lt d ate and tim e,

w hich are 0 1.0 1.20 0 1 and 0 1.0 1.0 1. It s earches ag ain the

Internet UT at each hou r till the connection w ith it. W hen a

p rop er connection w ith Internet “ IP 129.6 .15.29” ex is ts at

14 :25:0 0 UT tim e each d ay the ins tru m ent internal tim e is

corrected tow ard the UT. Fu rther it s tarts to accu m u late in

256 channels d u ring the p re-s elected ex p os ition tim e the firs t

s p ectru m , w hich is u s ed for calcu lation of the d os e and the

flu x . The op tim al tim e s etting s w hich w e recom m end are:

“D ata Av erag e Interv al [ s ec] : = 3 6 0 0 ” s ec; “ Ex p os ition tim e

[ s ec] :” = 6 0 0 s ec; “ IE Au to refres h tim e [ s ec] : - 6 0 0 s ec. The

ex p os ition tim e is v ariab le in the interv al 5 s ec - 3 53 9 s ec.

After finis hing the firs t m eas u rem ent cy cle the s p ectra d ata

are com p res s ed and s tored in the cy clic org aniz ed flas h

m em ory of Internet m od u le. The av ailab le m ax im u m s torag e

p lace is 20 0 K , w hich corres p ond s to 2-3 m onths of op eration

of the ins tru m ent w ith 6 0 0 s ec ex p os ition tim e.

2 W EB b as ed Liu lin s p ectrom eters w as d eliv ered and now

are w ork ing at ALOM AR ob s erv atory , Norw ay

(http ://128 .3 9.13 5.6 ) and at J u ng frau p eak in Alp s ( 3 4 7 5 m

as l) , Sw itz erland (http ://13 0 .92.23 1.18 4 /) .

Com p aris on of ALOM AR ob s erv atory Liu lin-R d ata w ith

Ou lu Neu tron m onitors d ata [14 ] d u ring the Forb u s h d ecreas e

in Sep tem b er 20 0 5 is s how n on Fig u re 15. On the u p p er p anel

the neu tron m onitor corrected w ith the atm os p heric p res s u re

av erag ed p er 5 m inu tes cou nts are s how n w hile on the b ottom

p anel the Liu lin-R cou nts p er 10 m inu tes . The heav y line

there is the m ov ing av erag e ov er 21 d ots , w hile the heav y

horiz ontal line rep res ents the p os ition of the av erag ed cou nts

( 8 6 .4 p er 10 m inu tes ) .

Co nc lu s io ns The res u lts of ou r s tu d ies hav e s how n, w e b eliev e, that the

Liu lin ty p e d os im eters rep res ent a v ery u s efu l, v ers atile and

flex ib le facility to m onitor the ab s orb ed d os e from m any

ty p es of ioniz ing rad iation and the charg ed p article flu ence

rates .

Re f e r e nc e s [1] D achev , Ts . P ., Y u . N. M atv iichu k , J . V . Sem k ov a, R. T. K olev a, B .

B oichev , P . B ay nov , N. A. K anchev , P . Lak ov , Y a. J . Iv anov , P . T. Tom ov , V . M . P etrov , V . I. Red k o, V . I. K ojarinov , R. Ty k v a, Sp ace rad iation d os im etry w ith activ e d etections for the s cientific p rog ram of the s econd B u lg arian cos m onau t on b oard the M ir s p ace s tation, Ad v . Sp ace Res ., 9, 10 , 24 7 , 198 9.

[2] D achev , Ts . P ., Y u . N. M atv iichu k , N. G . B ank ov , Y a. J . Iv anov , B . T. Tom ov , V . M . P etrov , V . I. Red k o, M . V . Z il, V . G . M itrak as , T. N. Sm irnov a, V . V . Tem ny , Y u . N. P onom arev , R. Ty k v a, " M ir" Rad iation D os im etry Res u lts d u ring the Solar Flares ev ents in Sep tem b er-Octob er 198 9, Ad v . Sp ace Res ., 12, 2-2, (2)3 21-4 , 1992.

[ 3 ] D achev Ts .P ., J .V .Sem k ov a, Y u .N.M atv iichu k , R.T. K olev a, B .T. Tom ov , P .T. B ay nov , J .F. B ottollier- D ep ois , V .D . Ng u en, L. Leb aron-J acob s , M . Sieg ris t, E. D u v iv ier, B . Alm archa, V .M . P etrov , V .V . Shu rs hak ov , New res u lts for the s p ace rad iation env ironm ent of M IR s p ace s tation ob tained b y Liu lin d os im eterrad iom eter. Com p aris on w ith let s p ectrom eter NAUSICAA, Acta As tronau tica, v ol.3 6 ,Nos 8 -12, p p 50 5-515 ,1995.

[ 4 ] D achev Ts .P ., J .V . Sem k ov a, Y u .N. M atv iichu k , B .T. Tom ov , R.T. K olev a, P .T. B ay nov , V .M . P etrov , V .V . Shu rs hak ov , Y u . Iv anov , Inner M ag netos p here V ariations after Solar P roton Ev ents , Ob s erv ations on M ir Sp ace Station In 198 9-1994 Tim e P eriod , Ad v . Sp ace Res ., 22, No 4 , 521, 1998 .

[5] D achev , Ts ., J . Sem k ov a, V . P etrov , V . Red k o, V . B eng in, T. K os terev a, J . M iller, L. H eilb ronn, C. Z eitlin, Analy s is of the p re -flig ht and p os t-flig ht calib ration p roced u res p erform ed on the LIULIN s p ace rad iation d os im eter, Acta As tronau tica, 4 2, 3 7 5, 1998 .

[ 6 ] D achev , Ts .P . B .T. Tom ov , Y u .N. M atv iichu k , R.T. K olev a, J .V . Sem k ov a, V .M . P etrov , V .V . B eng hin, Y u .V . Iv anov , V .A. Shu rs hak ov , J . Lem aire, D etailed Stu d y of the SP E and their Effects on the D os e Rate and Flu x D is trib u tion Ob s erv ed b y LIULIN Ins tru m ent on M IR Sp ace Station, Rad iation m eas u rem ents , 3 0 ( 3 ) , p p . 3 17 -3 25, 1999.

[ 7 ] D achev , Ts .P . B .T. Tom ov , Y u .N. M atv iichu k , R.T. K olev a, J .V . Sem k ov a, V .M . P etrov , V .V . B eng hin, Y u .V . Iv anov , V .A. Shu rs hak ov , J . Lem aire, Solar Cy cle V ariations of M IR Rad iation Env ironm ent as Ob s erv ed b y the LIULIN D os im eter, Rad iation M eas u rem ents , 3 0 ( 3 ) , p p . 26 9-27 4 , 1999.

[ 8 ] Reitz , G ., R. B eau jean, Ts . D achev , S. D em e, M . Lu s z ik -B had ra, W . H einrich, P . Olk o and M . Scherk enb ach, ISS Rad iation M eas u rem ents Us ing the D os im etric M ap p ing Ex p erim ent, p ap er F2.5-0 0 13 -0 2 p res ented at 3 4 th COSP AR As s em b ly , H ou s ton TX , 10 -19 Oct. 20 0 2.

[9] D achev , Ts ., B . Tom ov , Y u . M atv iichu k , P l. D im itrov , J . Lem aire, G h. G reg oire, M . Cy am u k u ng u , H . Schm itz , K . Fu jitak a, Y . Uchihori, H . K itam u ra, G . Reitz , R. B eau jean, V . P etrov , V . Shu rs hak ov , V . B eng hin, F. Sp u rny , Calib ration Res u lts Ob tained W ith Liu lin-4 Ty p e D os im eters , Ad v . Sp ace Reas ., V 3 0 , No 4 , p p . 917 -925, 20 0 2.

[10 ] D achev , T. W . Atw ell, E. Sem ones , B . Tom ov , B . Red d ell, ISS Ob s erv ations of the Trap p ed P roton Anis otrop ic Effect: A Com p aris on w ith M od el Calcu lations , p ap er F2.6 -0 0 22-0 4 , p res ented at 3 5th COSP AR Scientific As s em b ly , P aris , France J u ly 20 0 4 . ( W ill b e p u b lis hed in J ASR 20 0 5)

[11] D achev , Ts ., B .T. Tom ov , Y u . M atv iichu k , P l. D im itrov , J . Sp ace Rad iation D os im etry Sy s tem for the Ru s s ian Seg m ent of the International Sp ace Station, P roceed ing s of the ET20 0 0 Conference, B ook 2, 97 , 20 0 0 .

[12] H ä d er, D onat-P ., and T.P . D achev , M eas u rem ent of s olar and cos m ic rad iation d u ring s p aceflig ht, K lu w er P res s , Su rv ey s in G eop hy s ics , 24 , 229-24 6 , 20 0 3 .

[13 ] Sp u rny , F., Ts . D achev , Long -Term M onitoring of the Onb oard Aircraft Ex p os u re Lev el W ith a Si-D iod e B as ed Sp ectrom eter, Ad v . Sp ace Res ., 3 2, No.1, p p . 53 -58 ,20 0 3 .

[14 ] Ou lu Neu tron m onitor s tation d ata, http ://cos m icray s .ou lu .fi/

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

9 0

10 0

110

120

130

14 0

15 0

Counts

5 20 0

5 30 0

5 4 0 0

5 5 0 0

5 6 0 0

5 7 0 0

5 8 0 0

5 9 0 0

6 0 0 0

6 10 0

6 20 0

Corr

ecte

d C

ounts

6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0

D a y of S e p te m b e r 2 0 0 5

O ulu N M d a ta

L iulin-R d a ta

F ig.15. Comparison of ALOM AR observatory Liulin-R data with

Oulu N eutron monitors data.