nervous & endocrine system
DESCRIPTION
Nervous & Endocrine System. Receptor Cells. Specialized cells in the sensory systems of the body that can turn other kinds of energy into action potentials that the nervous system can process Receptor cells in the eye turn light into a neural impulse the brain understands. Sensory Neurons. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
NERVOUS & ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
RECEPTOR CELLS
Specialized cells in the sensory systems of the body that can turn other kinds of energy into action potentials that the nervous system can process
Receptor cells in the eye turn light into a neural impulse the brain understands.
SENSORY NEURONS
Nerves that carry information to the central nervous system
Connect the sense organs to the brain and spinal cord
MOTOR NEURONS
Nerves that carry information from the central nervous system
Carries messages from the brain and spinal cord to other parts of your body
INTERNEURONS
Nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord responsible for processing information related to sensory input and motor output
A NEURAL CHAIN
A NEURAL CHAIN
A NEURAL CHAIN
A NEURAL CHAIN
A NEURAL CHAIN
Most information travels from the body, up the spinal cord, is processed by the brain, sent back down the spinal cord, and then back to the body with behavior instructions. The exception to this general pathway is reflexes.
Reflexes are controlled by the spinal cord without any conscious effort on behalf of the brain. Reflexes serve as primitive responses that protect our bodies from danger and help us adjust to our surroundings.
REFLEXES
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
NERVOUS SYSTEM
The brain and spinal cordThe brain is the location of most
information processing.The spinal cord is the main pathway to
and from the brain.
SPLIT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of the brain and the spinal cord.
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Consists of Sensory and Motor Nervesconnect the central nervous system to
the rest of the bodyPeripheral means “outer region”The system is subdivided into the
somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
PNS
SOMATIC
The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles
Contains the motor nerves needed for the voluntary muscles
AUTONOMIC
Monitors the autonomic functions
Controls breathing, blood pressure, and digestive processes
Divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
AUTONOMIC
SYMPATHETIC
The part of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body to deal with perceived threats
Fight or flight response
PARASYMPATHETIC
The part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body
Brings the body back down to a relaxed state
TO REMEMBER THE DIFFERENCE…
What does a parachute do?
The Endocrine System
TWO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
NervousEndocrine
They both communicate to the body.
ENDOCRINE
The endocrine system communicates by secreting hormones into the bloodstream
HORMONES
What are hormones?The things adults say teenagers
have too much of…Chemical messengers circulated in
the bloodstream.
HYPOTHALAMUS: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
HYPOTHALAMUS
The hypothalamus is the brain region that controls the pituitary gland, or the MASTER GLAND of the endocrine system.It controls homeostasis
PITUITARY GLAND
MASTER GLAND (kind of like how Brad Pitt is a master hottie…)
Controls all other glands.
PITUITARY GLAND
Thirst, metabolismBlood pressure, temperatureSex organs, mammary glandsGrowth - dwarfism and gigantismMay control grooming habits,
companionship, and sexual behavior
ADRENAL GLAND
Located just above the kidneysArouses the body in times of
stressIncrease heart rate, blood pressure,
and blood sugarReleases epinephrine
(adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
PINEAL GLAND
Located in the center of the brain
Hormone “Melatonin”Increased levels: sleepDecreased: wakefulness
THYROID GLAND
Located in the neckEnergy level, metabolismBody tempHypo (underactive):
sleepiness, reduced muscle tone, overweight
Hyper (overactive): excitability, insomnia, ADD, agitation, difficulty focusing
PANCREASLocated behind the stomachRegulates the level of blood
sugar (insulin) in the bloodToo much: sluggishness and
inattentivenessToo little: dehydration, overworked
kidneys, infections
SEX GLANDS
Located in the pelvis (f), in and out of pelvis (m)
Ovaries and testes influence emotion, physical development, reproductive characteristicsAndrogens – primary male hormoneEstrogen – primary female hormone
Males and females have both hormones