network centric warfare - an introduction

WELCOME

An Introduction to “Network Centric Warfare”

D.A.Mohan, CEO, DAC IntlFormerly, Executive Director(Strategy), Bharat Electronics

Delivered at: “The Bangalore Science Forum”19th August 2015

How Warfare has changed over timePlatform Centric Warfare

18 August 2015 D.A.Mohan CEO, DAC Intl 2

Platform Centric Warfare


Nuclear, Biological & Chemical Warfare


Electronic Warfare Jammers, Direction Finders, Intelligence

gathering, ECM & ECCM, Cyber attack


Technology Innovations

• Innovations in Technology accelerated after1970

• Innovations in Defence & Aerospace fueleddevelopments in Civilian sector and Viceversa


Disruptive innovation is changing our world

Innovation Disrupted MarketCD / DVD Cassette Tapes

Digital Photography Film PhotographyFlat Panel TVs CRT TVs

Fixed Telephones Mobile PhonesSmart Phones, IPads Cameras, Laptops

Internet Altering the way mankind thinks and interacts


Disruptive Tech in Military - Examples

Disruptive Technologies - Capabilities that were not available and unimaginable In the past decade• Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)• Driverless Vehicles• Cyber technology • Wearable technologies • Internet of Things (IOT)


Dawn of this Century

Widespread adoption of the INTERNET

led to arrival of “Network Centric Warfare”


What is Network Centric Warfare?

• Integration and interconnection (Networking) of all different participants in the warfare environment

• Exchange Information• Create Situational awareness• Help fast & correct decision making• Quick action


New paradigm of Warfare

Collection of Data & Transmission, Extraction of useful Information & Intelligence,

Dissemination, Decision Making & Action using

Appropriate advanced weaponry & platforms Feedback


The Command & Control Process


Core concept of NCWTight integration and Networking of:

• Sensors• Failsafe Transverse Communication Media• Command & Control centers• Land, Air and Naval platforms & Tactical units

To Achieve• Situational Awareness in a highly mobile

environment• Perfect Synchronisation between sensors &

Shooters for effective response


NCW in Nature

Operating under simple rules, birds orient ontheir immediate neighbours to form a V-shaped,self-organized, cooperative adaptive system.


Layers of Network


Tactical Network


Airborne NCW


Signals Intelligence


Key Elements of Network Centric WarfareSensor Systems


Key Elements of Network Centric WarfareIntegrated Communications infrastructure

• Point-to-point, Point-to-multipoint Radios• Powerful data routers• Mobile ad-hoc networking (MANET), Multi media

encryption• Combine HF/VHF/UHF/Microwave /SD Radio networks

with IP-based LAN and WAN networks, Fixed & mobileTelephone networks , and Satellite

• Backbone Network with auto rerouting to avoidjammed pathways


Key Elements of Network Centric WarfareThe Radio


Important Network Elements- The Radio

• Independent Voice & Data Communications• High Data Rates & Low Spectrum usage• Embedded GPS capability• Net capability- Multi hop & MANET (Mobile

Adhoc Net) • Operational range in all environmental

conditions• Electronic Protection – Encryption & Anti Jam• Software Defined Radio - Good solution


Benefits of SDR in Tactical communications

• Embedded routing mechanisms• Reconfiguration of the network in a fast and

automatic way; Seamless connectivity• Radio based positioning capability

(Triangulation) – alternative to GPS• Electronic warfare functionalities• Security of communications)• Easy interoperability among different military

forces• Gradual replacement of legacy radios and

interoperability with them


Important Network Elements - Routers


Router-to-Radio connectivity

Radio

System

Next-generation3200

Different rates depending on SNR/BER and radio waveform of connection

(potentially many waveforms in same chassis)

Important Network Elements – The Satellite

• Satellite communications networks satisfymilitary network centricity requirementsover entire hemispheric areas

• High power X , Ku & Ka-band satellites areideally suited to ISR requirements. L-Bandand S-Band systems for small narrowbandterminals.


Satcom Terminals & Earth Stations


Role of Military Satellites

• Static arena applications,Ø High command, Strategic fixed network &

Territorial command posts

• Deployed arena applications,

Ø Divisional command posts, Brigade commandposts and Special Forces

• Maneuvering arena applications,

Ø Battalion command posts and Special Forces


Multi Sensor Data Fusion & Decision Support

• Analyse & filter incoming data from multiple sensors including human inputs (Voice, Video streams, Raw data)

• Combine filtered data• Further Analysis• Extract useful & actionable information• Present to decision makers – Digital displays• Assist decision making process – On line/off line


Technologies for Data Fusion• Very complex process, Handle Terra Bytes of data• Data Compression / Decompression• Sophisticated computer algorithms, Data bases, Data

base management, Data mining • Knowledge systems, Pattern identification,

Geographical Information Systems (GIS)• Very high performance computing, Computer

Networking, SENSOR interface technologies• Display technologies, Decision Support Systems, High

speed Communications, Overlay on GIS• Immunity from Cyber attacks


Command & Control Center


Indian Network Centric Programs• CIDSS – Command Information & Decision

Support System• BSS – Battlefield Surveillance System• AWAN – Army Wide Area Network• ASCON- Army Strategic Communication Network• BMS- Battle Field Management System• TCS – Tactical Communication System• NFS – Network For Spectrum• ACCCS – Artillery Command & Control System• AFNET – Air Force Network• Navy Net – Naval Network


Battle Field Surveillance System

GENERATORSURVEILLANCE CENTER

COMMUNICATION CONTROL UNIT

NCW DrawbacksInformation and how it is processed and interpretedin the minds of the combatants is just as important—ifnot more important—than the information itself• NCW - Computer centric instead of Human centric• Heavy reliance on complex technology, particularly

infrastructure - primary centre of gravity foropponents to exploit

• Any disruption to networks could be catastrophic• GPS - Core asset for NCW to work - GPS jammers

can block GPS signals• Cyber attack susceptibility


Interoperability - Major challenge in Network Centric Systems

Interoperability between:• Different types of Hardware & Software used

in various electronic systems• Equipment used by Infantry soldier, Tanks &

other Ground fighting vehicles• Gnd to Air, Air to Air, Air & Sea

communication• Ship to Ship, Ship to shore, Ship to Air


NCW Drawbacks – Contd.

Massive quantities of video and imagery canstrain the ability of a network to supply theright information, at the right place, at the righttime


NCW Drawbacks – Contd.Enemy could deliberately induce disturbancesdesigned to push the NCW system into chaos.Overload sensor and shooter network grids withmultitude of small weapon systems like a swarm ofbirds


Possible Mitigation• Intensive training at different levels• Built in redundancy against node failures• Fall back option in case of Network

degradation• Prevent information overload at different

operational levels esp. tactical level• Hardening against Cyber attacks, localizing

malware


Future of NCW


Acknowledgements

Publicly available information from following usedin parts of this presentation:• Bharat Electronics Ltd• General Dynamics Corp• Elbit• Cisco• Raytheon• Thales• Technical articles on NCW


Thanks ToBangalore Science Forum

The National College, Basavanagudi, Bangalore

For the opportunity to make this presentation

For any additional information contact:D.A.Mohan, CEO, DAC Intl.,

Ph: +919845518619, +91-80-26720698,[email protected], www.dacintl.com
