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Institut fürUmwelttechnologienGmbH

NEUTROTEST- A NEUTRON BASED NONDESTRUCTIVE DEVICE FOR

EXPLOSIVE DETECTIONby Dr. Jürgen Leonhardt

26 October 2005

Volmer Strasse 9B (UTZ)D-12489 Berlin-Adlershof

Germanyphone.: ++49 (0) 30 - 6392 5511fax.: ++49 (0) 30 - 6392 4831

e-mail: [email protected]

www.isonics.com

Institut fürUmwelttechnologienGmbH The problem

Detecting hidden storage of explosives devices and explosives is a complicated problem, particularly in view of the development of plastic casings and plastic explosives

Solution: Neutron-based devices


Advantage of neutrons

Neutron

Electron

Gamma

Alphaexplosives

Pape

r

Wood

Steel /l

ead

Since neutrons are able to penetrate several mm of steel and lead, they are particularly suitable for thedetection of hidden materials.


NeutroTest: The principle

• Explosives and drugs consist of light elements like:

• hydrogen (H)• carbon (C)• oxygen (O)• nitrogen (N)

• hydrogen is able to thermalize and backscatter fast neutrons


NeutroTest: The principle

Fast neutrons

Berlin Lübeck

ParisNew York

generated by theneutron sourceirradiate the object, where they are sloweddown (thermalized) and backscattered by thelight elements.

Institut fürUmwelttechnologienGmbH NeutroTest

NeutroTest 0

NeutroTest 1


A suitcase filled with lab coats (cotton), Pb tube and pieces of paraffin and TNT


The paraffin and TNT have different hydrogen contents, Pb tube has no H

Leadtube

Paraffin TNT


The X-ray of the suitcase shows a densitydistribution, TNT is difficult to identify

Leadtube

TNT

Paraffin


Protonogramm of the suitcaseproduced by thermalized neutrons-backscattered

Leadtube

TNTParaffin


NeutroTest shell/bomb identifier

DR

Cf-252

magnet

BF

neutron tube3

tungsten

DR

Institut fürUmwelttechnologienGmbH NeutroTest 0 Prototype

NeutroTest head

suitcase


0,00E+00

2,00E+01

4,00E+01

6,00E+01

8,00E+01

1,00E+02

1,20E+02

1,40E+02

1,60E+02

1,80E+02

2,00E+02

Field trial NT 0: melting kettle for TNT (WW2)



0,00E+00

2,00E+01

4,00E+01

6,00E+01

8,00E+01

1,00E+02

1,20E+02

1,40E+02

1,60E+02

1,80E+02

2,00E+02


0,00E+00

2,00E+01

4,00E+01

6,00E+01

8,00E+01

1,00E+02

1,20E+02

1,40E+02

1,60E+02

1,80E+02

2,00E+02


cps

Institut fürUmwelttechnologienGmbH Valve filled with TNT (WW2)


Scanning of a box with NT 0


Box filled with DNT (WW2)


Suitcase scan with NeutroTest 1


CAR INSPECTION BY NT1


Identification of booby traps by NT1


DETERMINATION OF FILLING HEIGHT IN TUBES


Field scanning with NeutroTest 1


Element density (total)

0

2E+22

4E+22

6E+22

8E+22

1E+23

1,2E+23

1,4E+23

TN

T(t

rin

itro

tolu

ene)

RD

XH

MX

(oct

og

en)

Tet

ryl

PE

TN

NG

(nic

tro

gly

ceri

n)

EG

DN

Oct

og

enD

NB

Pic

ric

acid

AN

Am

mo

niu

mn

itra

teN

itro

cell

ulo

seT

AT

P

Her

oin

,so

lid

Co

cain

eC

od

ein

e(H

Cl)

Mo

rph

ine

(was

serf

rei)

LS

DM

and

rax

Po

lyes

ter

(clo

thes

)N

ylo

n(c

loth

es)

Orl

on

(clo

thes

)W

oo

l(c

loth

es)

Co

tto

n(c

loth

es)

Sil

k(c

loth

es)

Po

lyac

ryln

itri

l

Su

gar

/sac

char

ose

Wat

erW

his

ky

(40

%)

Tab

un

VX

Bla

usä

ure

So

man

Cla

rkI

(DA

)C

lark

II(D

C)

So

man

(GD

)S

-Mu

star

d(H

D)

(Lo

st)

N-M

ust

ard

(HN

)A

dam

sit

Sar

inL

ewis

ite

IL

ewis

ite

IIL

ewis

teII

IP

ho

sgen

e(C

G)

Po

lyet

hy

len

Mel

amin

eP

oly

ure

tan

eA

ceta

mid

eP

oly

este

rP

oly

amid

6,1

0(N

ylo

n)

Lu

cite

,P

lex

igla

sP

VC

Po

lyp

rop

yle

ne

Ru

bb

er,

nat

ura

lP

araf

fin

wax

Orl

on

,ac

ryla

np

ow

der

Sar

an,

po

wd

erP

oly

amid

-6(P

erlo

n)

Po

lyac

ryln

itri

l

As per cm3

F per cm3

P per cm3

Cl per cm3

O per cm3

N per cm3

C per cm3

H per cm3


Problem:

counting rate dependes on: distance source-object 1/r2

distance object-detector 1/r2

weight of the objectdensity of the object

Based on cps:

A piece of TNT in the top part of a suitcase gives the same signalas a much bigger piece of water in the bottom.

Problem of a counting rate based system

The geometry factors have to be cancelled out

Institut fürUmwelttechnologienGmbH SCHEME OF NEUTROTEST2


Ratio method

Ratio = n(without Cd) / n(with Cd)= thermal / fast neutrons

)(_)(_~

)(__2_1)(0)(__2_1)(0~

ObjektfastHObjektthHRatio

ObjektfastHfastGfastGsourceNObjektthHthGthGsourceNRatio

⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅

N0 Activity of the sourceG1 Geometry factor source-objectG2 Geometry factor object-detectorH object factor


IDENTIFICATION OF EXPLOSIVES BY MEANS OF THERMAL/FAST NEUTRON RATIOS

•

2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 16 1 8 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6

1 ,2

1 ,4

1 ,6

1 ,8

2 ,0

2 ,2

2 ,4

2 ,6

2 ,8

3 ,0

3 ,2

3 ,4

3 ,6

3 ,8

4 ,0

4 ,2

Rat

io o

f the

rmal

to fa

st n

eutro

ns

th e rm a l n e u tro n s (cp s )

A m m on iu m n itra te w ith o il

K üs te r 27 .09 .05

suga r

ta bacco

g rind ed co ffee

N ivea c rea m e

so ap c ream

P ara ff ine

B lack tea

pape r

A m m o n ium n itra teT N T

C o ttonU re a

R icew h ea t f lou r

w a te r

M a rga rin eW h isk e yS h ow erge l

O live O il

H one ysoap

S h am poo spo rt

B itte rcho co la te M ilk choco la tete e th c re am e

exp los iv esc leaner

foodm isce lleaneous

T A T P

C 4


SEARCH OF EXPLOSIVE 5cm IN GROUND BY NT2

rMtf bMff, gMqf,


NeutroTest 2

Institut fürUmwelttechnologienGmbH Application example

Online determination of toxic compounds in drinking water- in boreholes - in wells - in water pipes

Spectrometer

Water flow

Time resolved spectrum of thermal neutrons in a borhole with sea water + 6 µg Bencene per liter. Sensitive against heavy metals, organic and biological compounds.

elapsed time in µs

count rate (cps)

Scheme of the Neutroscan.Experimental results of aromates (bencene) in seawater


NEUTROSCAN EQUIPMENT

NEUTRON GENERATOR NEUTRON GAUGE. TUBE OF NEUTROSCAN

PRINCIPLEFast neutrons are produced by means of a miniaturized

generator. Thermalized neutrons are detected by means of the neutron gauge. Electronic part analyze the life time

distribution of thermal neutrons, which give information about toxic compounds.


NeutroScan

Gamma detectorGamma

detector Neutronengenerator

Neutron tubes

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