new facility of resonance project: two pairs of...

Second GDRE "Cosmophysic" Workshop,

Touluose, 2009

New facility of RESONANCE

project: two pairs of satellites

for multiscale studies

M. M. Mogilevsky


Touluose, 2009

Main scientific goals of RESONANCE project

1. Nearequatorial region

- Dynamics of cyclotron maser in magnetospheres,

- Ring current formation,

- Refilling of plasmosphere after magnetic storms.

2. Auroral region

- Global phenomena in auroral region (AKR source and propagation, VLF/ELF /ULF generation),

- The role of the small-scale phenomena in the

global plasma dynamics (acceleration region).

3. Joint experiment with ground-based heating facility


Touluose, 2009

Sketch of measurement in the

selected flux tube

RESONANCE 2

orbit

RESONANCE 1

orbit

Initial version of RESONANCE project

Two satellites will be

launched on magneto-

synchronous orbits for

long-term

measurements in the

inner magnetosphere in

the selected magnetic

flux tube. Selected flux

tube will be conjugate

to the ionosphere above

the HAARP heating

facility (Gakona,

Alaska).


Touluose, 2009

The launcher “Soyuz” 2B with “Fregat” is enable to launch satellites at two magneto-synchronous orbits

Orbit parameters are following:

T = 8 h

hap = 28 000 km

hper = 500 km

i = +/- 63,4°


Touluose, 2009

Background for RESONANCE project transformation

From the results of CLUSTER measurements was found that the most of

chorus element are very similar but some of them has significant difference –

arriving time and frequency range. This result can’t be explained in the frame

of well-known physical mechanisms.

Spectrograms of chorus type emissions detected onboard of two satellites

CLUSTER. Perpendicular to the magnetic field component of the distance

between satellites was 43 km.

Correlations coefficient of chorus

elements as a function of the distance

between satellites.

(From O.Santolik et al. 2007)

Microwave Amplification by StimulatedEmission of Radiation

pumping

n2

n1

W1 W2

Energy

Popula

tion

inver

sion

Active substance: gas, crystal, semiconductor

Electrodynamics system: crystal, mirrors

Operating modes: = W2 – W1

Population inversion:pumping;

~ n2 – n1

k

Composition of magnetosphere cyclotron mazer

Electrodynamical system:

magnetic flux tube filled with cold

plasma;

Conjugate ionospheres as mirrors

Loss cone

Wave packet

Ionosphere Operating modes:

whistler

and ion-cyclotron waves

< H (e,p)

Active substance: energetic

electrons (We > 5 keV ),

protons (Wp > 10 keV )

«Shock» wave in phase space

One-dimensional relaxation

of beams in plasmas:• Ivanov and Rudakov (1966);

• Ivanov (1977)

Quasilinear relaxation of the cyclotron instability

in an inhomogeneous magnetic field

F

HD ~

n1/2

kin ~ n

V||

F Flatitude=30o

equator

“Backward” oscillator in magnetosphere

R=0 R=0electrons waves

l ~ 1000 km << RE

Absolute instability threshold

(BWO regime):l

q/2Generation

of ELF noiseQuasiperiodic

generation

Stochastic

generation

Discrete emissions in magnetospheric maser: whistler mode

0 time, s 10

Fre

quen

cy, kH

zELF/VLF chorus emissions (0.2–10 kHz)2

Close relation of chorus with noiselike (hiss) emissions

Repetition period (~0,2 s) smaller than the bounce period (0,5–1 s)

Large growth rate and fast frequency drift

Features of self-organized criticality


Touluose, 2009

Strategy of measurements: two PAIRS of satellites will be

launched on the same orbits. The distance between

satellites of one pair can be controlled by TC.

RESONANCE 2А и 2В

RESONANCE 1А и 1В

~ 1-10 km

~1- 5 • 103 km

~ 5-15 • 103 km


Touluose, 2009

New capability of RESONANCE project:

multiscale study of Auroral Region

Sketch of phenomena in auroral region. Satellites will cross all

principal areas (red line – projection of RESONANCE orbit).


Touluose, 2009


two paradigms of acceleration region (1)

W1

W2

W2 = W1 + φφ

Magnetic field aligned DC electric field


Touluose, 2009


two paradigms of acceleration region (2)

W1

W2

φiW2 = W1 + φ

φ = Σ φi

1 ms

To study acceleration region: one satellite will be inside of acceleration

region, another one – outside of it. Result of acceleration will be

detected from comparative analysis data from two satellites.

Electrodynamics structure measured onboard of

INTERBALL-2 satellite.

“Deformed” distribution function of electrons

measured onboard FAST satellite.

Scientific equipment (1)EM field and waves measurements

Flux-gate magnetometer 3 components of B field, DC – 10 Hz

ULF electric field receiver 3 components of E field, DC – 10 Hz

VLF receiver 3 electric and 3 magnetic

components of EM field, 10 Hz – 20

kHz

HF receiver 3 electric and 3 magnetic

components of EM field, 5kHz – 10

MHz

Mutual impedance probe 10 kHz – 10 MHz

Space radio interferometer 5-10 MHzSecond GDRE "Cosmophysic" Workshop,

Touluose, 2009

Scientific equipment (2)Plasma and particles measurements

Cold plasma measurements 0 – 20 eV

Suprathermal plasma measurements –

3D electrons

10 eV – 15 keV

Suprathermal plasma measurements –

3D ions and composition

10 eV – 15 keV

Fast electrons analyzer 5 keV – 50 keV

Energetic particles analyzer 10 keV – 100 keV

Ring current particles measurements 20 keV – 1 MeV

Measurements of radiation belts particles 100 keV – 10 MeV


Touluose, 2009


Touluose, 2009

MKA – new possibility for multiscale study


Touluose, 2009

Orbits

Strategy of Scientific measurements

- near equatorial region

- auroral region


Touluose, 2009

Magnetosynchronous orbit

Scheme of the RESONANCE satellite motion along the

magnetic flux tube. lo – is the initial position of the satellite

in the flux tube (at time t0), Ii – is the satellite position at

time ti . Red line – is the distance along the field line passed

by the satellite.


Touluose, 2009

Two pairs of satellites will be launched in the magneto-synchronous orbit.

Orbit parameters are following:

T = 8 h

hap = 28 000 km

hper = 500 km

i = +/- 63,4°


Touluose, 2009

Scheme of the launch

RESONANCE project


Touluose, 2009

Strategy of meagurements (1)


Touluose, 2009

Blue curve – inner and outer

boundaries of the flux tube.

Red curve – orbit of R1 satellite

(solid line – in the flux tube,

dashed line – outside the flux

tube).

Green curve – orbit of R2 satellite.

Symbols t1 and t2 mark

synchronous entering and leaving

the flux tube by the satellites R1

and R2.


Location of satellites in the selected flux tube


Touluose, 2009



Touluose, 2009

Strategy of measurements (2)


Touluose, 2009


12:00 MLT

24:00 MLT

R2

R1

MLT1 = MLT2

1


Touluose, 2009



Touluose, 2009

12:00 MLT

24:00 MLT

R2

R1

L1 = L2

2



Touluose, 2009

RESONANCE satellite

Flight position of satellite

(from sun direction) (anti-sun direction)


Touluose, 2009

Scheme of the launch

Launcher – “Soyuz” 2B with “Fregat”

First stage – launch to the

intermediate orbit and formation

orbit for the first pair of

satellites

Second stage - formation

orbit for the second pair of

satellites


Touluose, 2009

Accuracy of stabilization- 4 ×10-3 deg/с

Accuracy of orientation - better then 1 deg

Onboard timing accuracy – 0.1 microsecond

Operation on flight - not less then 3 yearsт

Onboard memory - 6 Gbyte (auxiliary)

TM bit rate - 3 - 30 Mbit per second

Capacity of TM, transmitted during one day - not less then 6 Gbyte

Band of TM transmitter - S (X)

Total mass ~ 200 kg

Mass of scientific payload ~ 50 kg

Technical Capability of MKA sattelite


Touluose, 2009

NEW version of RESONANCE project

Preliminary program of satellite separation

First pair (1A/1B) Second pair (2A/2B)

1 phase (6-9

months after the

launch)

1-10 km 1-10 km

2 phase (9-18

months after the

launch)

1-10 km 10-100 km

3 phase (18-27

months after the

launch)

10-100 km 100-1000 km

4 phase (27-36

months after the

launch)

100-1000 km 1000-9600 km


Touluose, 2009

New elements of RESONANCE

project

Intersatellite density and fluctuation of

density measurements (RIK experiment)

More possibility for manoeuvre along the

orbit

Onboard wave analysis from HF and VLF

frequency range.


Touluose, 2009

Schedule of RESONANCE project

2009 – documentation design

2010 – development and delivery of technological model

2011 – input, autonomous and integrating tests of technological model

in IKI and factory (NPOL)

2011-2012- development and delivery of flight models

2013 – input, autonomous and integrating tests of flight models

2014– launch

2014-2018 – operation in flight


Touluose, 2009

Magn. Injection

ELF/VLF WAVE GENERATIONRESONANCE-HAARP

JOINT EXPERIMENT


Touluose, 2009

30.6 acres

Antenna of HAARP heating facility


Touluose, 2009

• 180 Element (12x15) Phased Array

• 360 Nested Crossed Dipoles

• Low Band Dipole - 2.8 to 8.4 MHz

• High Band Dipole - 7to 10 MHz

• 3.6 MW Radiated from 360 10 kW Transmitters

• Instantaneous Bandwidth

• 200 kHz (2.8 MHZ)

• 500 kHz (10 MHz)

• Beam can be Slued 30° off Zenith in any

Azimuth 2.8 to 8 MHz (15° at 10 MHz)

• Rapid Scanning of +/- 15°

• FM, AM and Pulse Modulation to 30 kHz

• Dual Frequency Operation (Split Array)

• Linear, Left and Right Circular Polarization

Beam width

20°x16° (2.8 MHz)

5.7°x4.5° (10 MHz)

HAARP capability


Touluose, 2009

RESEARCH TOPICS

ULF/ELF/VLF generation by current modulation

Magnetospheric Injection - Artificially Stimulated Emissions

(ASE)

ULF Magnetosonic F/Region generation and

Injection to the Alfvenic Waveguide - Triggered Pc1

Langmuir turbulence - Parametric Instabilities

Magnetospheric duct generation and wave injection

Field aligned striations - Scintillations

Upper hybrid waves and conversion of lower hybrid

waves to whistlers

RESONANCE-HAARP JOINT EXPERIMENT

The main goal of joint experiment – quantitative data of

ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling with a good time

resolution:

- Artificial excitation and/or stimulation of wave modes;

- Modification of the flux of precipitating particles;

- Variation of maser Q-factor by the modification of reflection index in

the ionospheric footprint of the selected magnetic flux tube.


Touluose, 2009

Artificial feedback formation

1 – Earth, 2 – ionosphere, 3 – heated ionospheric

region, 4 – magnetic flux tube, 5 – TM line, 6 –

satellite, 7 – trajectories of particles and ducted

waves

new facility of resonance project: two pairs of...

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