new grammar book
TRANSCRIPT
Grammar bookBy: Chelsea Brady
ImperfectEl Preterito-car/-gar/-zarSpockCucarachaSnakeModal VerbsLos AdverbiosIrregular AdverbsProgressive Tense
Past tensePresent tense
FutureConditionalSuperlativesFormal CommandsPrepositionsDemonstratives
TABLE OF CONTENTS
IMPERFECT
IRREGULARS
Uses:1. Ongoing action (was/were)2. Repeated action (used to)3. No definite beginning or end4. Time/date/age/feelings/descriptions5. Interrupted activity (cuando)
preterito-past tense “completed action “snapshot” in time-beginning and/or in ending
Ar: er/ir:yo: e i
tu: aste isteel/ella/ud: o ionosotros:amos imos
ellos/ellas:aron ieron
Tocar
•Toque
•Tocaste
•Toco
•Tocamos
•tocaron
Jugar
•jugue
•Jugaste
•Jugo
•Jugamos
•jugaron
Comenzar
•comence
•Comenzaste
•Comenzo
•Comenzamos
•comenzaron
El preterito; -car, -gar, -zar
HA
CE
R -HICE-HICISTE-HIZO-HICIMOS-HICIERON
IR/S
ER -fui
-fuiste-fue-fuimos-fueron
DA
R/V
ER -I
-iste-ioimon-ieron
Spock
Andar anduv-Estar estuv-Poder pua-Poner pus-Querer quis-Saber sup-Tener tuv-Venir vin-Decir dij-Traer traj-Conducir conduj-Producir produj-Traduar traduj-
CUCURACHA
Preterite verbs with a ‘y’ spelling change
STEM CHANGERS
Snake/snakey
Leer
Leí
Leimos
Leiste
Leyó
Leyeron
Dormir
Dormí
Dormimos
Dormiste
Durmió
Dumieron
*Y CHANGERS
Ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)
Poder+ infinitive (are able to do something)
Querer+ infinitive(want to do something)
Deber+ infinitive (should do something)
Tener que + infinitive(to have to do something)
Soler + infinitive (to be accustomed to….)
Modal
alotmucho veryMuy badmal Quite/enoughBastante
•Good/wellbien •alreadyya Sotan littlepoco
Estoy hablando.I am speaking.
Juan está comiendo.John is eating.
María está escribiendo una carta.Mary is writing a letter.
estarEstoyestásestá
estamosestáisestán
hablar: hablando(hablar - ar + ando)
trabajar: trabajando(trabajar - ar + ando)estudiar: estudiando(estudiar - ar + ando)
Progressive
Decir dir-
Hacer har-
Poner pondr-
Salir saldr-
Tener tendre-
Valer vendr-
Poder podr-
Querer querr-
Saber sabr-
-e -as-a
-emos-eis-an
The conditional is used to express probability, possibility, wonder or conjecture. Conditional will usually translate as would, could, must have, or probably.When would is used in the sense of a repeated action in the past, the imperfect is used.To conjugate regular –ar, -er, and –ir verbs in the conditional, simply add one of the following to the infinitive:
ÍaÍasÍaÍamosÍaisÍan
CONDITIONAL
Juan es el chico más inteligente de la clase.John is the smartest boy in the class.
María es la chica más delgada de la clase.Mary is the thinnest girl in the class.
Definativearticle
noun Mas(menos) Adjective de
Change to yo’
Change opposite vowel
Ar e
Er/ir a
Tenga-TVenga-vDe-DVaya-VSea-SHaga-HEste-ESepa-S
A pronoun is a word that is used instead of the name of a person or thing.
Ex.: he, him, she, her, they, them
As the name implies, subject pronouns are the pronouns to use for the subject of the sentence.
When the pronoun acts as the object of a preposition, a different set of pronouns is used.
preposition
When you’re pointing out specific things, you use demonstrative adjectives and pronouns.
Eso, esto, aquello refer to a situation or ideas, not to specific nouns.
Accent marks denote pronouns which take the place of a noun.
All demonstratives always agree in gender and number in the noun it modifies.
DEMONSTRATIVES