New Physics from Cosmic Neutrinos:Extra Dimensions and Black Holes

Jonathan Feng

UC Irvine

1st ANITA Collaboration Meeting, UCI

24 November 2002

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 2

UHE Neutrinos

• Probe astrophysical sources, given standard model interactions

• Probe new fundamental physics, given standard cosmogenic source

N Black Hole is the largest, most robust interaction predicted by extra dimensions

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 3

The Standard Model

• Where’s gravity?

• Many deep problems, but one obvious one:

For protons, gravity is 10-36 times weaker.

• Equal for mproton = mPlanck ~ 1018 GeV, energies far beyond experiment.

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 4

Gravity Is Weak

gravity

EM

Str

engt

h

r

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Extra Dimensions

• Suppose photons are confined to D=4, but gravity propagates in n extra dimensions of size L:

For r L, Fgravity ~ 1/r2

For r L, Fgravity ~ 1/r2+n

Garden Hose

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gravity

EM

Str

engt

h

r

…

1/mstrong

Gravity Becomes Stronger

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Strong Gravity at the Electroweak Scale

• Suppose mstrong is 1 TeV, the electroweak

unification scale

• The number of extra dims n then fixes L

• n=1 excluded by solar system, but n=2, 3,… are allowed by tests of Newtonian gravity

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 8

Probing Extra Dimensions

• Modifications of Newtonian gravity at sub-mm scales

• Kaluza-Klein graviton effects at colliders, in supernovae, etc.

• …

• Microscopic black hole production

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• BH creation requires

ECOM > mstrong

(Unique feature: robust and generic for high energies!)

• In 4D, mstrong ~ 1018 GeV, far above accessible energies ~ TeV

• But with extra dimensions, mstrong ~ TeV is possible, can create micro black holes in elementary particle collisions!

BHs from Particle Collisions

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Black Holes at Colliders• BH created when two

particles of high enough energy pass within Schwarzschild radius

• LHC: ECOM = 14 TeV pp BH + X

• Find as many as 1 BH produced per second Dimopoulos, Landsberg (2001)

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Micro Black Hole PropertiesClassically: StableQuantum mechanically: decay through Hawking evaporation

• Lifetime ~ M3 :

MBH ~ Msun forever

MBH ~ TeV 10-27 s

• Temperature TH ~ 1/M :

MBH ~ Msun TH ~ 0.01 K photons

MBH ~ TeV TH ~ 100 GeV q, g, e, , , , , W, Z, h, G

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Collider Signature

• Multiplicity ~ 10-50

• Hadron:lepton = 5:1

• Spherical events with leptons, many jets

De Roeck (2002)

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Black Holes from Cosmic Rays

• Cosmic rays – the high energy frontier

• Observed events with 1019 eV ECOM ~ 100 TeV

• But meager fluxes! Can we harness this energy?

Kampert, Swordy (2001)

24 November 2002 ANITA Collaboration Meeting Feng 14

Cosmic Neutrinos

One Approach:• Cosmic rays create ultra-

high energy neutrinos:

• BH gives inclined showers starting deep in the atmosphere

Feng, Shapere (2001)

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Deep Inclined Showers

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Cosmic Ray Black Holes

• Cosmogenic flux yields a few black holes every minute somewhere in the Earth’s atmosphere

• Current bounds from Fly’s Eye and AGASA comparable to or better than all known bounds (Tevatron, etc.)

Anchordoqui, Feng, Goldberg, Shapere (2002)

Mst

rong

(T

eV)

Lower Bounds for 1 to 7 Extra Dimensions

n=7

n=1

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Auger Observatory

• Auger could detect ~100 black holes per year

• Provides first chance to see black holes from extra dimensions

Mst

rong

(T

eV)

Feng, Shapere (2001)

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Other Cosmic BH Work• Auger, AGASA [Feng, Shapere (2001), Anchordoqui, Goldberg

(2001), Emparan, Masip, Rattazzi (2001), Anchordoqui, Feng, Goldberg (2002)]

• Fly’s Eye/HiRes [Ringwald, Tu (2001), Anchordoqui, Feng, Goldberg, Shapere (2001)]

• AMANDA, IceCube [Uehara (2001), Kowalski, Ringwald, Tu (2002), Alvarez-Muniz, Feng, Halzen, Han, Hooper (2002), Friess, Han, Hooper (2002)]

• RICE [McKay, et al. (2002)]• EUSO/OWL [Iyer Dutta, Reno, Sarcevic (2002)]• p-Branes, Warped Scenarios [Alvarez-Muniz, Halzen, Han, Hooper

(2001), Ahn, Cavaglia, Olinto (2002), Jain, Kar, Panda, Ralston (2002), Anchordoqui, Goldberg, Shapere (2002), Han, Kribs, McElrath (2002), …]

• ANITA?

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What You Could Do With A Black Hole If You Made One

• Discover extra dimensions

• Test Hawking evaporation, BH properties

• Explore last stages of BH evaporation, quantum gravity, information loss problem

• ……

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Conclusions

• Gravity is either intrinsically weak or is strong but diluted by extra dimensions

• If gravity is strong at 1 TeV, extra dimensions will be discovered through black holes from cosmic rays

Anchordoqui, Feng, Goldberg, Shapere (2001)

Mst

rong

(T

eV)