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Renewable Fuels 5 th Annual Green Technologies Conference IEEE IEEE Ch IEEE IEEE Hl Helena L L. Chum April 5 April 5 th 2013 , 2013 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

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Page 1: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

Renewable Fuels

5th Annual Green Technologies Conference

IEEEIEEE Ch IEEEIEEE H lHelena LL Chum

April 5April 5th 2013 2013

NREL is a national laboratory of the US Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC

Outline

bull Renewable FuelsRenewable Fuels bull Biomass and Bioenergy Today C di i i i i d l ibull Commoditization existingdeveloping

bull Sustainabilityy Considerations to Impprove Agriculture and Forestry and integrate bioenergygy

bull Lignocellulosic Biofuels Integrated Systems Research at DOErsquos Laboratories and partners Research at DOE s Laboratories and partners

bull Global Considerations

2

velop

Renewable Fuels De

Aquatic Biomass

ping Tech Macroalgae nologies Early stage

RampDH O2

Aquatic

H2

Lignocellulose

C b iCyanobacteria

Commercial Food bullEthanol

Short Rotation Crop residues Crops bullBiodiesel Microalgae Grasses Woody Biomass and MSW bullBiomethane

3

Traditional Biomass 61

Modern Biomass 41

The current global energy system is dominated by fossil fuels

Low Biomass Use Effi i 6 1 Efficiency 61

Medium‐High Biomass Use Efficiency 41

2008 Energy Sources Shares of Total Global Primary Energy Supply

2008 El t i it h

2008 Heat Demand

All renewables share 27 bull Traditional biomass 17

cooking stovesheating

bull Modern biomass 8 district heating

bull Solar thermalgeothermal 2

4

2008 Electricity shares

Globa

l PPrimary EEn

ergy

Supp

ply [EJyyr]

Resource Potentials

5

6 6

Bioenergy

Ethanol BiodieselBiodiesel Total

7

Latitude soil conditions biomass type matter

CancerCapricornCapricorn Cancer 8

US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks

EPA Ad d Bi f l th h ld ith LUC EPA Advanced Biofuel threshold with LUC

EU RED 35 GHG wo LUC

Other Lifecycle uncertainty modeled Chum Warner Seabra Macedo Biofpr

9

ancial

l from

barrel

BR Weather High sugar

market prices Global fin

acollapse

oil

$60 to

$130

$

10

h

US

P tha U

S Drough

high

corn pr

Prod

uctio

nan

10

gas

ht

rices

higher

oline

Commoditization of Biofuels

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

4

Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover

nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields

bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture

Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )

EtOH Production

41787

87

34 22 18

(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield

N Fertilizer Plant

Corn Farming

Other Chemicals

245

89 Other Chemicals

Corn Transportation

EtOH Transportation

Farming Machinery

Nitrate recovery

cornWoody biomass

ProductionSource GREET

Algal blooms from excess nutrients

corn

13

Source USEPA

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus

Native grasses

Woody biomass

Fairbury IL

Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field

Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL

YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer

Nitrou

soxide em

ission

ss in

bu

fffer

(kg Nha)

YYields

(tonsha)

5050

40

30

20

10

0

40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0

50

Vegetation in buffer

Switchgrass

Miscanthus

Perennial grasses ground cover

N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER

Vegetation in buffer

Nitrate

leeaching

(kg Nha)

40

30

20

1010

0

NONO3 ‐ LEACHING

0 5 10 15

14

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated

Supply Chains Systems and Impacts

Multiple

Feedstocks Products

Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply

15

134 b

How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost

43 bgy43 bgy

134 bgy 23 bgy

wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy

2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022

2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US

bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass

d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply

Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

Adding Cellulosic Ethanol

19

King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 2: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

Outline

bull Renewable FuelsRenewable Fuels bull Biomass and Bioenergy Today C di i i i i d l ibull Commoditization existingdeveloping

bull Sustainabilityy Considerations to Impprove Agriculture and Forestry and integrate bioenergygy

bull Lignocellulosic Biofuels Integrated Systems Research at DOErsquos Laboratories and partners Research at DOE s Laboratories and partners

bull Global Considerations

2

velop

Renewable Fuels De

Aquatic Biomass

ping Tech Macroalgae nologies Early stage

RampDH O2

Aquatic

H2

Lignocellulose

C b iCyanobacteria

Commercial Food bullEthanol

Short Rotation Crop residues Crops bullBiodiesel Microalgae Grasses Woody Biomass and MSW bullBiomethane

3

Traditional Biomass 61

Modern Biomass 41

The current global energy system is dominated by fossil fuels

Low Biomass Use Effi i 6 1 Efficiency 61

Medium‐High Biomass Use Efficiency 41

2008 Energy Sources Shares of Total Global Primary Energy Supply

2008 El t i it h

2008 Heat Demand

All renewables share 27 bull Traditional biomass 17

cooking stovesheating

bull Modern biomass 8 district heating

bull Solar thermalgeothermal 2

4

2008 Electricity shares

Globa

l PPrimary EEn

ergy

Supp

ply [EJyyr]

Resource Potentials

5

6 6

Bioenergy

Ethanol BiodieselBiodiesel Total

7

Latitude soil conditions biomass type matter

CancerCapricornCapricorn Cancer 8

US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks

EPA Ad d Bi f l th h ld ith LUC EPA Advanced Biofuel threshold with LUC

EU RED 35 GHG wo LUC

Other Lifecycle uncertainty modeled Chum Warner Seabra Macedo Biofpr

9

ancial

l from

barrel

BR Weather High sugar

market prices Global fin

acollapse

oil

$60 to

$130

$

10

h

US

P tha U

S Drough

high

corn pr

Prod

uctio

nan

10

gas

ht

rices

higher

oline

Commoditization of Biofuels

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

4

Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover

nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields

bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture

Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )

EtOH Production

41787

87

34 22 18

(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield

N Fertilizer Plant

Corn Farming

Other Chemicals

245

89 Other Chemicals

Corn Transportation

EtOH Transportation

Farming Machinery

Nitrate recovery

cornWoody biomass

ProductionSource GREET

Algal blooms from excess nutrients

corn

13

Source USEPA

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus

Native grasses

Woody biomass

Fairbury IL

Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field

Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL

YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer

Nitrou

soxide em

ission

ss in

bu

fffer

(kg Nha)

YYields

(tonsha)

5050

40

30

20

10

0

40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0

50

Vegetation in buffer

Switchgrass

Miscanthus

Perennial grasses ground cover

N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER

Vegetation in buffer

Nitrate

leeaching

(kg Nha)

40

30

20

1010

0

NONO3 ‐ LEACHING

0 5 10 15

14

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated

Supply Chains Systems and Impacts

Multiple

Feedstocks Products

Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply

15

134 b

How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost

43 bgy43 bgy

134 bgy 23 bgy

wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy

2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022

2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US

bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass

d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply

Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

Adding Cellulosic Ethanol

19

King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 3: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

velop

Renewable Fuels De

Aquatic Biomass

ping Tech Macroalgae nologies Early stage

RampDH O2

Aquatic

H2

Lignocellulose

C b iCyanobacteria

Commercial Food bullEthanol

Short Rotation Crop residues Crops bullBiodiesel Microalgae Grasses Woody Biomass and MSW bullBiomethane

3

Traditional Biomass 61

Modern Biomass 41

The current global energy system is dominated by fossil fuels

Low Biomass Use Effi i 6 1 Efficiency 61

Medium‐High Biomass Use Efficiency 41

2008 Energy Sources Shares of Total Global Primary Energy Supply

2008 El t i it h

2008 Heat Demand

All renewables share 27 bull Traditional biomass 17

cooking stovesheating

bull Modern biomass 8 district heating

bull Solar thermalgeothermal 2

4

2008 Electricity shares

Globa

l PPrimary EEn

ergy

Supp

ply [EJyyr]

Resource Potentials

5

6 6

Bioenergy

Ethanol BiodieselBiodiesel Total

7

Latitude soil conditions biomass type matter

CancerCapricornCapricorn Cancer 8

US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks

EPA Ad d Bi f l th h ld ith LUC EPA Advanced Biofuel threshold with LUC

EU RED 35 GHG wo LUC

Other Lifecycle uncertainty modeled Chum Warner Seabra Macedo Biofpr

9

ancial

l from

barrel

BR Weather High sugar

market prices Global fin

acollapse

oil

$60 to

$130

$

10

h

US

P tha U

S Drough

high

corn pr

Prod

uctio

nan

10

gas

ht

rices

higher

oline

Commoditization of Biofuels

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

4

Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover

nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields

bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture

Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )

EtOH Production

41787

87

34 22 18

(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield

N Fertilizer Plant

Corn Farming

Other Chemicals

245

89 Other Chemicals

Corn Transportation

EtOH Transportation

Farming Machinery

Nitrate recovery

cornWoody biomass

ProductionSource GREET

Algal blooms from excess nutrients

corn

13

Source USEPA

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus

Native grasses

Woody biomass

Fairbury IL

Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field

Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL

YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer

Nitrou

soxide em

ission

ss in

bu

fffer

(kg Nha)

YYields

(tonsha)

5050

40

30

20

10

0

40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0

50

Vegetation in buffer

Switchgrass

Miscanthus

Perennial grasses ground cover

N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER

Vegetation in buffer

Nitrate

leeaching

(kg Nha)

40

30

20

1010

0

NONO3 ‐ LEACHING

0 5 10 15

14

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated

Supply Chains Systems and Impacts

Multiple

Feedstocks Products

Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply

15

134 b

How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost

43 bgy43 bgy

134 bgy 23 bgy

wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy

2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022

2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US

bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass

d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply

Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

Adding Cellulosic Ethanol

19

King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 4: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

Traditional Biomass 61

Modern Biomass 41

The current global energy system is dominated by fossil fuels

Low Biomass Use Effi i 6 1 Efficiency 61

Medium‐High Biomass Use Efficiency 41

2008 Energy Sources Shares of Total Global Primary Energy Supply

2008 El t i it h

2008 Heat Demand

All renewables share 27 bull Traditional biomass 17

cooking stovesheating

bull Modern biomass 8 district heating

bull Solar thermalgeothermal 2

4

2008 Electricity shares

Globa

l PPrimary EEn

ergy

Supp

ply [EJyyr]

Resource Potentials

5

6 6

Bioenergy

Ethanol BiodieselBiodiesel Total

7

Latitude soil conditions biomass type matter

CancerCapricornCapricorn Cancer 8

US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks

EPA Ad d Bi f l th h ld ith LUC EPA Advanced Biofuel threshold with LUC

EU RED 35 GHG wo LUC

Other Lifecycle uncertainty modeled Chum Warner Seabra Macedo Biofpr

9

ancial

l from

barrel

BR Weather High sugar

market prices Global fin

acollapse

oil

$60 to

$130

$

10

h

US

P tha U

S Drough

high

corn pr

Prod

uctio

nan

10

gas

ht

rices

higher

oline

Commoditization of Biofuels

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

4

Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover

nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields

bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture

Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )

EtOH Production

41787

87

34 22 18

(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield

N Fertilizer Plant

Corn Farming

Other Chemicals

245

89 Other Chemicals

Corn Transportation

EtOH Transportation

Farming Machinery

Nitrate recovery

cornWoody biomass

ProductionSource GREET

Algal blooms from excess nutrients

corn

13

Source USEPA

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus

Native grasses

Woody biomass

Fairbury IL

Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field

Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL

YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer

Nitrou

soxide em

ission

ss in

bu

fffer

(kg Nha)

YYields

(tonsha)

5050

40

30

20

10

0

40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0

50

Vegetation in buffer

Switchgrass

Miscanthus

Perennial grasses ground cover

N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER

Vegetation in buffer

Nitrate

leeaching

(kg Nha)

40

30

20

1010

0

NONO3 ‐ LEACHING

0 5 10 15

14

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated

Supply Chains Systems and Impacts

Multiple

Feedstocks Products

Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply

15

134 b

How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost

43 bgy43 bgy

134 bgy 23 bgy

wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy

2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022

2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US

bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass

d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply

Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

Adding Cellulosic Ethanol

19

King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 5: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

Globa

l PPrimary EEn

ergy

Supp

ply [EJyyr]

Resource Potentials

5

6 6

Bioenergy

Ethanol BiodieselBiodiesel Total

7

Latitude soil conditions biomass type matter

CancerCapricornCapricorn Cancer 8

US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks

EPA Ad d Bi f l th h ld ith LUC EPA Advanced Biofuel threshold with LUC

EU RED 35 GHG wo LUC

Other Lifecycle uncertainty modeled Chum Warner Seabra Macedo Biofpr

9

ancial

l from

barrel

BR Weather High sugar

market prices Global fin

acollapse

oil

$60 to

$130

$

10

h

US

P tha U

S Drough

high

corn pr

Prod

uctio

nan

10

gas

ht

rices

higher

oline

Commoditization of Biofuels

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

4

Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover

nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields

bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture

Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )

EtOH Production

41787

87

34 22 18

(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield

N Fertilizer Plant

Corn Farming

Other Chemicals

245

89 Other Chemicals

Corn Transportation

EtOH Transportation

Farming Machinery

Nitrate recovery

cornWoody biomass

ProductionSource GREET

Algal blooms from excess nutrients

corn

13

Source USEPA

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus

Native grasses

Woody biomass

Fairbury IL

Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field

Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL

YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer

Nitrou

soxide em

ission

ss in

bu

fffer

(kg Nha)

YYields

(tonsha)

5050

40

30

20

10

0

40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0

50

Vegetation in buffer

Switchgrass

Miscanthus

Perennial grasses ground cover

N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER

Vegetation in buffer

Nitrate

leeaching

(kg Nha)

40

30

20

1010

0

NONO3 ‐ LEACHING

0 5 10 15

14

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated

Supply Chains Systems and Impacts

Multiple

Feedstocks Products

Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply

15

134 b

How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost

43 bgy43 bgy

134 bgy 23 bgy

wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy

2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022

2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US

bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass

d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply

Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

Adding Cellulosic Ethanol

19

King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 6: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

6 6

Bioenergy

Ethanol BiodieselBiodiesel Total

7

Latitude soil conditions biomass type matter

CancerCapricornCapricorn Cancer 8

US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks

EPA Ad d Bi f l th h ld ith LUC EPA Advanced Biofuel threshold with LUC

EU RED 35 GHG wo LUC

Other Lifecycle uncertainty modeled Chum Warner Seabra Macedo Biofpr

9

ancial

l from

barrel

BR Weather High sugar

market prices Global fin

acollapse

oil

$60 to

$130

$

10

h

US

P tha U

S Drough

high

corn pr

Prod

uctio

nan

10

gas

ht

rices

higher

oline

Commoditization of Biofuels

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

4

Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover

nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields

bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture

Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )

EtOH Production

41787

87

34 22 18

(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield

N Fertilizer Plant

Corn Farming

Other Chemicals

245

89 Other Chemicals

Corn Transportation

EtOH Transportation

Farming Machinery

Nitrate recovery

cornWoody biomass

ProductionSource GREET

Algal blooms from excess nutrients

corn

13

Source USEPA

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus

Native grasses

Woody biomass

Fairbury IL

Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field

Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL

YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer

Nitrou

soxide em

ission

ss in

bu

fffer

(kg Nha)

YYields

(tonsha)

5050

40

30

20

10

0

40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0

50

Vegetation in buffer

Switchgrass

Miscanthus

Perennial grasses ground cover

N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER

Vegetation in buffer

Nitrate

leeaching

(kg Nha)

40

30

20

1010

0

NONO3 ‐ LEACHING

0 5 10 15

14

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated

Supply Chains Systems and Impacts

Multiple

Feedstocks Products

Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply

15

134 b

How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost

43 bgy43 bgy

134 bgy 23 bgy

wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy

2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022

2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US

bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass

d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply

Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

Adding Cellulosic Ethanol

19

King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 7: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

Bioenergy

Ethanol BiodieselBiodiesel Total

7

Latitude soil conditions biomass type matter

CancerCapricornCapricorn Cancer 8

US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks

EPA Ad d Bi f l th h ld ith LUC EPA Advanced Biofuel threshold with LUC

EU RED 35 GHG wo LUC

Other Lifecycle uncertainty modeled Chum Warner Seabra Macedo Biofpr

9

ancial

l from

barrel

BR Weather High sugar

market prices Global fin

acollapse

oil

$60 to

$130

$

10

h

US

P tha U

S Drough

high

corn pr

Prod

uctio

nan

10

gas

ht

rices

higher

oline

Commoditization of Biofuels

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

4

Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover

nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields

bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture

Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )

EtOH Production

41787

87

34 22 18

(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield

N Fertilizer Plant

Corn Farming

Other Chemicals

245

89 Other Chemicals

Corn Transportation

EtOH Transportation

Farming Machinery

Nitrate recovery

cornWoody biomass

ProductionSource GREET

Algal blooms from excess nutrients

corn

13

Source USEPA

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus

Native grasses

Woody biomass

Fairbury IL

Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field

Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL

YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer

Nitrou

soxide em

ission

ss in

bu

fffer

(kg Nha)

YYields

(tonsha)

5050

40

30

20

10

0

40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0

50

Vegetation in buffer

Switchgrass

Miscanthus

Perennial grasses ground cover

N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER

Vegetation in buffer

Nitrate

leeaching

(kg Nha)

40

30

20

1010

0

NONO3 ‐ LEACHING

0 5 10 15

14

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated

Supply Chains Systems and Impacts

Multiple

Feedstocks Products

Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply

15

134 b

How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost

43 bgy43 bgy

134 bgy 23 bgy

wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy

2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022

2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US

bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass

d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply

Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

Adding Cellulosic Ethanol

19

King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 8: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

Latitude soil conditions biomass type matter

CancerCapricornCapricorn Cancer 8

US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks

EPA Ad d Bi f l th h ld ith LUC EPA Advanced Biofuel threshold with LUC

EU RED 35 GHG wo LUC

Other Lifecycle uncertainty modeled Chum Warner Seabra Macedo Biofpr

9

ancial

l from

barrel

BR Weather High sugar

market prices Global fin

acollapse

oil

$60 to

$130

$

10

h

US

P tha U

S Drough

high

corn pr

Prod

uctio

nan

10

gas

ht

rices

higher

oline

Commoditization of Biofuels

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

4

Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover

nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields

bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture

Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )

EtOH Production

41787

87

34 22 18

(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield

N Fertilizer Plant

Corn Farming

Other Chemicals

245

89 Other Chemicals

Corn Transportation

EtOH Transportation

Farming Machinery

Nitrate recovery

cornWoody biomass

ProductionSource GREET

Algal blooms from excess nutrients

corn

13

Source USEPA

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus

Native grasses

Woody biomass

Fairbury IL

Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field

Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL

YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer

Nitrou

soxide em

ission

ss in

bu

fffer

(kg Nha)

YYields

(tonsha)

5050

40

30

20

10

0

40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0

50

Vegetation in buffer

Switchgrass

Miscanthus

Perennial grasses ground cover

N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER

Vegetation in buffer

Nitrate

leeaching

(kg Nha)

40

30

20

1010

0

NONO3 ‐ LEACHING

0 5 10 15

14

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated

Supply Chains Systems and Impacts

Multiple

Feedstocks Products

Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply

15

134 b

How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost

43 bgy43 bgy

134 bgy 23 bgy

wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy

2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022

2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US

bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass

d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply

Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

Adding Cellulosic Ethanol

19

King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 9: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks

EPA Ad d Bi f l th h ld ith LUC EPA Advanced Biofuel threshold with LUC

EU RED 35 GHG wo LUC

Other Lifecycle uncertainty modeled Chum Warner Seabra Macedo Biofpr

9

ancial

l from

barrel

BR Weather High sugar

market prices Global fin

acollapse

oil

$60 to

$130

$

10

h

US

P tha U

S Drough

high

corn pr

Prod

uctio

nan

10

gas

ht

rices

higher

oline

Commoditization of Biofuels

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

4

Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover

nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields

bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture

Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )

EtOH Production

41787

87

34 22 18

(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield

N Fertilizer Plant

Corn Farming

Other Chemicals

245

89 Other Chemicals

Corn Transportation

EtOH Transportation

Farming Machinery

Nitrate recovery

cornWoody biomass

ProductionSource GREET

Algal blooms from excess nutrients

corn

13

Source USEPA

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus

Native grasses

Woody biomass

Fairbury IL

Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field

Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL

YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer

Nitrou

soxide em

ission

ss in

bu

fffer

(kg Nha)

YYields

(tonsha)

5050

40

30

20

10

0

40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0

50

Vegetation in buffer

Switchgrass

Miscanthus

Perennial grasses ground cover

N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER

Vegetation in buffer

Nitrate

leeaching

(kg Nha)

40

30

20

1010

0

NONO3 ‐ LEACHING

0 5 10 15

14

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated

Supply Chains Systems and Impacts

Multiple

Feedstocks Products

Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply

15

134 b

How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost

43 bgy43 bgy

134 bgy 23 bgy

wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy

2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022

2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US

bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass

d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply

Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

Adding Cellulosic Ethanol

19

King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 10: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

ancial

l from

barrel

BR Weather High sugar

market prices Global fin

acollapse

oil

$60 to

$130

$

10

h

US

P tha U

S Drough

high

corn pr

Prod

uctio

nan

10

gas

ht

rices

higher

oline

Commoditization of Biofuels

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

4

Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover

nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields

bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture

Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )

EtOH Production

41787

87

34 22 18

(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield

N Fertilizer Plant

Corn Farming

Other Chemicals

245

89 Other Chemicals

Corn Transportation

EtOH Transportation

Farming Machinery

Nitrate recovery

cornWoody biomass

ProductionSource GREET

Algal blooms from excess nutrients

corn

13

Source USEPA

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus

Native grasses

Woody biomass

Fairbury IL

Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field

Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL

YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer

Nitrou

soxide em

ission

ss in

bu

fffer

(kg Nha)

YYields

(tonsha)

5050

40

30

20

10

0

40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0

50

Vegetation in buffer

Switchgrass

Miscanthus

Perennial grasses ground cover

N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER

Vegetation in buffer

Nitrate

leeaching

(kg Nha)

40

30

20

1010

0

NONO3 ‐ LEACHING

0 5 10 15

14

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated

Supply Chains Systems and Impacts

Multiple

Feedstocks Products

Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply

15

134 b

How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost

43 bgy43 bgy

134 bgy 23 bgy

wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy

2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022

2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US

bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass

d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply

Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

Adding Cellulosic Ethanol

19

King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 11: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

4

Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover

nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields

bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture

Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )

EtOH Production

41787

87

34 22 18

(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield

N Fertilizer Plant

Corn Farming

Other Chemicals

245

89 Other Chemicals

Corn Transportation

EtOH Transportation

Farming Machinery

Nitrate recovery

cornWoody biomass

ProductionSource GREET

Algal blooms from excess nutrients

corn

13

Source USEPA

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus

Native grasses

Woody biomass

Fairbury IL

Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field

Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL

YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer

Nitrou

soxide em

ission

ss in

bu

fffer

(kg Nha)

YYields

(tonsha)

5050

40

30

20

10

0

40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0

50

Vegetation in buffer

Switchgrass

Miscanthus

Perennial grasses ground cover

N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER

Vegetation in buffer

Nitrate

leeaching

(kg Nha)

40

30

20

1010

0

NONO3 ‐ LEACHING

0 5 10 15

14

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated

Supply Chains Systems and Impacts

Multiple

Feedstocks Products

Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply

15

134 b

How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost

43 bgy43 bgy

134 bgy 23 bgy

wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy

2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022

2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US

bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass

d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply

Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

Adding Cellulosic Ethanol

19

King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 12: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

4

Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover

nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields

bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture

Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )

EtOH Production

41787

87

34 22 18

(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield

N Fertilizer Plant

Corn Farming

Other Chemicals

245

89 Other Chemicals

Corn Transportation

EtOH Transportation

Farming Machinery

Nitrate recovery

cornWoody biomass

ProductionSource GREET

Algal blooms from excess nutrients

corn

13

Source USEPA

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus

Native grasses

Woody biomass

Fairbury IL

Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field

Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL

YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer

Nitrou

soxide em

ission

ss in

bu

fffer

(kg Nha)

YYields

(tonsha)

5050

40

30

20

10

0

40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0

50

Vegetation in buffer

Switchgrass

Miscanthus

Perennial grasses ground cover

N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER

Vegetation in buffer

Nitrate

leeaching

(kg Nha)

40

30

20

1010

0

NONO3 ‐ LEACHING

0 5 10 15

14

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated

Supply Chains Systems and Impacts

Multiple

Feedstocks Products

Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply

15

134 b

How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost

43 bgy43 bgy

134 bgy 23 bgy

wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy

2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022

2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US

bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass

d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply

Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

Adding Cellulosic Ethanol

19

King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 13: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

4

Biomass production and nitrogen recovery bull Growing bioenergy crops on underproductive land to recover

nitrogen in ground water from nearby corn fields

bull Increasing overall productivity while mitigating noneasing over productivity while mitig ting non‐point source Incr all a point source pollution and GHG emissions from agriculture

Share of GHG Emissions for Corn Ethanol (t t l f 5 630 l ith d t dit )

EtOH Production

41787

87

34 22 18

(total of 5630 ggal with co‐product credits) N2O from Cornfield

N Fertilizer Plant

Corn Farming

Other Chemicals

245

89 Other Chemicals

Corn Transportation

EtOH Transportation

Farming Machinery

Nitrate recovery

cornWoody biomass

ProductionSource GREET

Algal blooms from excess nutrients

corn

13

Source USEPA

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus

Native grasses

Woody biomass

Fairbury IL

Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field

Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL

YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer

Nitrou

soxide em

ission

ss in

bu

fffer

(kg Nha)

YYields

(tonsha)

5050

40

30

20

10

0

40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0

50

Vegetation in buffer

Switchgrass

Miscanthus

Perennial grasses ground cover

N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER

Vegetation in buffer

Nitrate

leeaching

(kg Nha)

40

30

20

1010

0

NONO3 ‐ LEACHING

0 5 10 15

14

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated

Supply Chains Systems and Impacts

Multiple

Feedstocks Products

Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply

15

134 b

How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost

43 bgy43 bgy

134 bgy 23 bgy

wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy

2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022

2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US

bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass

d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply

Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

Adding Cellulosic Ethanol

19

King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 14: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

Fairbury IL

Biomass mitigating nitrate transport 4 ft under a corn field

Landscape placement of biomass crop for by‐design sustainability DeNitrification‐DeComposition model results and field validation in Fairbury IL

YIELDS60 Corn ‐ no buffer

Nitrou

soxide em

ission

ss in

bu

fffer

(kg Nha)

YYields

(tonsha)

5050

40

30

20

10

0

40 35 30 25 20 15 1010 5 0

50

Vegetation in buffer

Switchgrass

Miscanthus

Perennial grasses ground cover

N2O EMISSIONS IN BUFFER

Vegetation in buffer

Nitrate

leeaching

(kg Nha)

40

30

20

1010

0

NONO3 ‐ LEACHING

0 5 10 15

14

Negri et al ANL DOE OBP Program Review obpreview2011govtoolsus Years simulated

Supply Chains Systems and Impacts

Multiple

Feedstocks Products

Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply

15

134 b

How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost

43 bgy43 bgy

134 bgy 23 bgy

wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy

2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022

2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US

bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass

d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply

Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

Adding Cellulosic Ethanol

19

King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 15: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

Supply Chains Systems and Impacts

Multiple

Feedstocks Products

Increase Resiliency of Biofuels and Products Supply

15

134 b

How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost

43 bgy43 bgy

134 bgy 23 bgy

wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy

2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022

2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US

bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass

d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply

Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

Adding Cellulosic Ethanol

19

King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 16: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

134 b

How Much Lignocellulosic Biomass and at what cost

43 bgy43 bgy

134 bgy 23 bgy

wwwbioenergykdfnet Ethanol 129 bgy Biodiesel 088 bgy

2005 Potential to displace ~30 of petroleum‐derived gasoline by 2022

2011 BTS (Billion Ton Study) 1 billion tons per year non‐food lignocellulosic biomass could become available for $60dry ton at the farm gate in the US

bullCounty level data and sustainability considerations included bullSupply logistics for more uniform feed under development eg pre‐processing depots link biomass

d i h fi f d lproducers with refiners for year round supply

Microalgae oils ‐ preliminary estimate at ~5 billion gallons per year 16

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

Adding Cellulosic Ethanol

19

King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 17: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

K Johnson httpwwwglobalbioenergyorgfileadminuser_uploadgbepdocs2013_events GBEP_Bioenergy_Week_Brasilia_18‐23_March_2013310_JOHNSONpdf

Adding Cellulosic Ethanol

19

King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 18: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

Adding Cellulosic Ethanol

19

King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 19: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

King D OR Inderwildi and A Willi (2010) ThWilliams (2010) The Future of Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 20: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

ca ot ate t e

f

Biomass Value Chain Revenue Potentials

rdquobio‐based products are hellip bio based products are a realistic supplement to fossil‐based products but that they cannot mitigate the rising

King D OR Inderwildi and A Williams (2010) The Future of

t g s g demand for fossil fuelsrdquo

( ) Industrial Biorefineries 210610 World Economic Forum White Paper CologneGeneva Switzerland 40 pp

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 21: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

22

22

Many options for road transport ndash hybrids electric etc

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 22: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

U S DoD

US DOE EERE Bioenergy Technologies Office Integrated Biomass Refineries Portfolio

USDA Civilian

US DoD NAVY

USDA p fo

res

ent

ergy

crop

elop

men

t

y logistics

nd re

sidu

e

rsion

ns more

tsvelopm

e

and taxhellip

a En

deve

b Sup

ply

crop

s an

c Con

ver

optio

n

Two or

mprod

uct

ology Dev

uct d

ema

nty

RFS2

d

Techno

e Prod

uncertain

Market SuretySurety

Aviation and Military Fuels are areas of opportunity with few competing options

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 23: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

2424

Hydrocarbons

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 24: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

25

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 25: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

Contributors bull Ethan Warner Yimin Zhang Rich Bain (NREL) bull Michael Wang Christina Negri et al (ANL) bull Virginia Dale Keith Kline et al (ORNL) bull Kristen Johnson and Alison Goss Eng (DOEEEREBETO) bull Isaias Macedo and Joaquim Seabra (UNICAMP) bull CTBE and ICONE colleagues bull IPCC SRREN Chapter 2 and Annex II contributors bull IEA Bioenergy Agreement Strategic Project Monitoring Sustainability Certification of Bioenergy CollaboratorsSustainability Certification of Bioenergy Collaborators

bull IEA Task 38 Climate Change Effects of Biomass and Bioenergy SystemsBioenergy Systems

bull IPCC 5th Assessment Report ndash WGIII Bioenergy Annex colleagues

bull SCOPE Project Biofuels and Sustainability Colleagues

26

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 26: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

Web sites and Resources

bull DOEEEREBioenergy Technologies Office httpwww1eereenergygovbiomass

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsreplacing_barrel_overviewpdf

httpwww1eereenergygovbiomasstechnology_pathwayshtml

h 1 bi df b 2012 dfhttpwww1eereenergygovbiomasspdfsmypp_november_2012pdf

httpmapsnrelgovbioenergyatlas

httpswwwbioenergykdfnethttpswwwbioenergykdfnet

bull Chum H A Faaij J Moreira G Berndes P Dhamija H Dong B Gabrielle A Goss Eng W L h k O C i I i K i d 2011W Lucht M Mapako O Masera Cerutti T McIntyre T Minowa K Pingoud 2011 Bioenergy In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O Edenhofer R Pichs‐Madruga Y Sokona K Seyboth P Matschoss S K d T Z i k l P Ei k i G H S S hlouml C St h ( d )]S Kadner T Zwickel P Eickemeier G Hansen S Schloumlmer C von Stechow (eds)] Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom and New York NY USA httpsrrenipcc‐wg3de

27

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 27: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

Acknowledgments

bull The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of DOEEERE sponsored the work described inDOEEERE sponsored the work described in the Sustainability Program Valerie Sariski R d Di Reed Directtor and BETOrsquos kknowlleddgeabled BETOrsquo bl staff

28

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 28: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

Exam

ples

ologies ‐ ‐E

ng Techn

oDevelop

inrcial and D

Comme

29

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 29: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

30

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 30: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

httpwwwisoorgisorio_20_forging_action_with_agreementpdf

Economy+Global Level Environment+

Social Responsibility+Social Responsibility+ Millennium Development Goals

bull International Standards Organization (UN +)International Standards Organization (UN +) bull Rio 1992 ndash ISO Series of Environmental Standards (14000)Standards (14000)

bull 2006ndash ISO Series on Social Responsibility ( )(26000)

bull Rio+20 ISO to foster SustainableSustainable Development

Sustainability Standards for

Forestry Agriculture

Bioenergy

SustSus ainable Deainable vev lopmentlopment De e t

amp more areas (economy and ecosystems) for

31

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 31: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

DNV sustainability services Third party certification is a credible tool to show a company commitment to sustainable development DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification DNV Business Assurance provides sustainable biofuels certification according the RSB and the ISCC certification schemes

RSB certification requires compliance with 12 principles and criteria The audit will address the following topics

1 Legality 2 Impact assessment and stakeholder consultation 3 Planning monitoring and continuous improvement 4 Greenhouse gas emissions 5 Human and Labour Rights 6 Local Development amp Food Security 7 Conservation (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 8‐10 Soil Water and Air protection 11 Use of technology inputs and management of wastes 12 Land Rights

ISCC certification addresses the following topics bull Conservation (Biodiversity amp Ecosystem Services) and land with high carbon stock bull Soil water amp air and the application of Good Agricultural Practices bull Working conditions bull Human labour and land use rights Responsible community relations bull Legality bull Good management practice bull Greenhouse gas emissions

RSB and the ISCC standards comply to the EU RED Directive

32

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 32: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

33

Efroymson et al (2013) Environmental Management 52291‐306 Dale et al (2013) Ecological Indicators 2687‐102

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 33: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

Photosynthetic Microorganisms

US DOE (2009) National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap US Department of Energy Biomass Program Washington DC USA 214 pp

34

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 34: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

Routes to Algal Biofuels Defining Defining a Biofuels Portfolio Portfolio From

MicroalgaeMicroalgae Fuel

Interm

ediate

Microalgae Macroalgae

Lipids orHydrogen Carbohydrates Biomass

Hydrocarbons

Syngas Methane

Alkanes or AlcoholsHydrogen Biodiesel FT Liquids Methane

ldquoGreen Dieselrdquo (Ethanol)

35

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 35: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

36

Preliminary systems design and assessments guided by sustainability indicators

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 36: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

IEA

Biofuels Sustainability

Regional Initiatives

National Initiatives1 International

Bodiesrsquo Initiatives ISO TC24813065

under development

European Committee for Standardization (CEN TC383)

EU RED ‐ Renewable Energy Directive

Global

FAO OECD IDB IFC UNEP

IDB Bi f l

Global Multi‐

stakeholder Voluntary Schemes2

GBEP

US Council on Sustainable Biomass

Schemes2

Greenergy (Brazilian Bi th l ifi ti Sustainable Biomass

Production (CSBP)

R d bl S i bl

Bioethanol verification programme)

2012 IFC The Netherlands Renewable Energy

Transport Regulation

IDB Biofuels Sustainability

Balanced Scorecard

UK Low Carbon

Sweden‐Brazil SEKAB Supply Chain Verifiable US Renewable

F l S d d

2012 IFC Sustainability Framework

Regulation

California (US) Low Carbon Fuel UK Renewable

Vehicle Partnership

Fuels

Sustainable Ethanol

German BiofueI Quota Law‐Ordinance for

BonSucro (Better Sugarcane

Fuel Standard (RFS2)

Standard (LCFS) Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

Sustainability Requirements

(Better Sugarcane Initiative)

Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)

Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS)

International Sustainability and Carbon Certification System (ISCC)

Biomass Biofuels voluntary scheme (2BSvs)

NTA 8080 NTA 8081 p y ( )y ( ) ( ) ( )

Source NREL (Chum Warner) UNICA 21813

1Australia Sub‐national NSW 2Some comply with ISEAL Alliance Facilitating multilateral organizations

National sub‐ or supra‐national governments

multilateral financing banks KEYS

Voluntary scheme holders from private sector association non‐governmental organizationshellip Color indicates country

originating scheme or country of application g goriginating scheme or country of application

37

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets
Page 37: New Renewable Fuels · 2020. 9. 23. · Renewable Fuels 5 th. Annual Green TechnologiesConference. IEEEIEEE. HlHelena L. Ch. um. April 5. th, 2013. NREL is a national laboratory of

bull

ndash

GHG Emissions Reductions Targets

US Volumetric Goal bull Energy Independence amp Security Act 2007

o 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 36 billion gallons renewable fuel by 2022 ndash 21 billion gallons cellulosic + advanced biofuels (EPA is waiving volume based on projection of future production each year)

bull Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) biofuels penetration goals are based on specific GHG reductions from the fossil fuel replaced considering a full consequential LCA model with LUC

reduction BiomassBiomass‐based diesel based diesel 5050

ndash Advanced biofuels 50 ndash Corn grain‐based ethanol 20 ndash Cellulosic Biofuels Cellulosic Biofuels 6060

EU Volumetric Goal CertifiedCertified reduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasolinereduction of 35 GHG emissions reduction relative to diesel or gasoline o 10 Biofuel target ndash proposed to be halved ndash concerns ILUC o About 70 producers and bundlers of US corn ethanol meet the European standards

bull Indirect Land Use changge mayy be added to GHG bull Sugarcane or corn ethanol ILUC 4 times lower than biodiesel

38

  • Cover Page
  • Outline
  • Renewable Fuels
  • Resource Potentials
  • Bioenergy
  • US Brazil Bilateral Sustainability Benchmarks
  • Commoditization of Biofuels
  • Biomass production and nitrogen recovery
  • Adding Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Biomass Value Chain
  • Contributers
  • Web sites and Resources
  • Acknowledgments
  • Complex set of options
  • Global Level
  • DNV sustainability services
  • Biofuel supply chain
  • Photosynthetic Microorganizms
  • Routes to Algal Biofuels
  • GHG Emissions Reduction Targets