new-style artificial reefs and facilities for the culture and stock enhancement of apostichopus...
TRANSCRIPT
New-style Artificial Reefs and Facilities
for the Culture and Stock Enhancement
of Apostichopus japonicus
YANG Hongsheng
INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY ,CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
October 20, 2012
Contents
New artificial reefs & facilities2
Look into the future4
Introduction31
Integrated utilization33
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Basic information of A. japonicus
Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) is a
typical temperate species feeding on detritus and other organic
matter. The adults live on muddy and sandy bottoms at
shallower depths, especially area with seaweed or sea grass.
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Distribution of A. japonicus
Along the northwest coast of Pacific ocean, from 35ºN to 44ºN, including Russia Far East , Japan, Korean peninsula and Northern Yellow Sea in China.
Biggest production value
among all the mariculture
species.Aquaculture production(130.3
thousand tons.) accounts for
0.88% of all maritulture
production in 2010.Prodution value ( 26 billion
Yuan) accounts for 15.79% of
all mariculture in 2010.
The Annals of Fishery in China ( 2006-2011 )
Production of A. japonicus seedlings in China ( 0.1 billion )
Production of A. japonicus in China ( ton )
Status of A. japonicus aquaculture in China
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Traditional ways of aquaculture: pond and shallow sea
A. japonicus aquaculture in seawater pond and renewed shrimp pond or
ranching in shallow.
Seabed improvement is needed for building a suitable aquaculture
environment
Facilities: rocks, tiles, bricks, pots, elongated net cages
Cofferdam aquaculture
Pond aquaculture
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Contents
New artificial reefs & facilities2
Look into the future4
Introduction31
Integrated utilization33
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Innovation Points
G1
New artificial reefs & facilities for sea cucumber cultured in non suitable regions
G2
New artificial reefs & facilities for increasing aquaculture production
G 3
New artificial reefs & facilities for realizing the ecological diversity of mariculture system
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Technique Principle and characteristics :Oyster shells are abundant and cost effective
Oyster shells are excellent substrate for microalgae
Can be assembled and deployed easily, and be used to form efficient
upwelling
Mass deployment can form seaweed beds and can provide habitat for
fishes.
1. Oyster shell reefInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Parameters Values
Dimension 40-100cm (diameter)
Weight 25-75kg
Quantity per unit 4-10 single reef
Configuration Cone
Desity of sea cucumber: 17.8 ind/ m 2
Distance from the reefs: < 80 cm
Oyster shell reefInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
In none suitable region in Jiaozhou Bay, the density of
A. japonicus is as high as 17.8 ind/sqm in oyster shell
reefs with11 individuals per reef.
The efficiency of oyster shell reefs production is 5 times
higher using a unique device than manual production,
realizing the large-scale production and implement of
oyster shell reefs.
Oyster shell reefInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Principle and effects :Increase the efficiency of making oyster shell reef
Integrate the supporting and sealing of mesh bag
Protect the workers from being injured
2.Equipement for making Oyster shell reef
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
3.Equipement for Deploying Oyster shell reef
Principle and effects :Increase the efficiency of deployment
20-30 tons per boat
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Wave-proof sinking rope culture facilities solve the macroalgae
culture problem in high current areas.
In Haizhou Bay,Gracilaria lemaneiformis gained 30 times of its
initial weight in 2 months, making a product of 1200kg/acre,
creating a fine habitat and natural bait for A. japonicus bottom
culture.
4. Wave-proof sinking rope culture facilities
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Parameters Values
String length 3-5m
Weight of stone 12-20kg
Buoyancy of Buoy 0.5-1kg
Illumination About 1500lux
Depth 8-12m
Type of bottom All kinds of substrates
Cultured species Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Undaria pinnatifida, Sargassum thunbergii
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Wave-proof sinking rope culture facilities
Innovation Points
G1
New artificial reefs & facilities for sea cucumber cultured in non suitable regions
G2
New artificial reefs & facilities for increasing aquaculture production
G 3
New artificial reefs & facilities for Realizing the ecological diversity of mariculture system
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Artificial reef models
Aperture Colour
Interval Spacing Included Angle
Dimensions :70×70×35cmMaterial :PVC corrugated plate
Dimensions :60×60×60cmMaterial :beton
Dimensions :70×35×35cmMaterial :PVC corrugated plate
Dimensions :40×40×30cmMaterial :PVC plate
Sketch map
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Key parameters of the facility
Distance : 2cm
Bore diameter:2cm
Angle : 15°
Color : Black
Aggregation effect
Optimal parameter
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
We developed this new type reef to perform pool and
cofferdam culture of A. japonicus.
The multi-layer design fully utilizes water body with a
great number of bait organisms habiting on the layers
which attracts A. japonicus to habit.
1. Multi-layer, plate-type reefInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
3. Integrated three-floor artificial reef
Integrated three-floor artificial reef can be used to build
seaweed bed, raise seafood at the bottom of the marine
and gather economic fish.
Each reef can gather 5 A. japonicus and 6 wild
economic fish.
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Innovation Points
G1
New artificial reefs & facilities for sea cucumber cultured in non suitable regions
G2
New artificial reefs & facilities for increasing aquaculture production
G 3
New artificial reefs & facilities for Realizing the ecological diversity of mariculture system
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
22
Principle and characteristics :Increase substrata of seaweed, supply more food
easy to harvest and manage
Escape from high temperature in summer for Chlamys farreri,
increase survival rate and decrease fouling organismssurvival rate :Suspended culture : 54.6±12.3 %
Bottom culture : 86.8±3.5 %
fouling organism
suspended
bottom
1. New system for bottom cultureInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Parameters Values
Side length per unit 1m
Total length 20-30m
Mesh 1-3cm
Water depth 5-30m
New system for bottom cultureInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Form a local seaweed bed
Reasonable scallop density: 300ind/unit ( Shell Height: 3cm )Sea cucumber density can reach 16 ind/ m2
Sea urchin density can reach 6 ind/ m2
New system for bottom cultureInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
2. Facility for co-culture of sea cucmber and shellfish
Realize the ecological breeding mode of mutual benefit for
sea cucumber and shellfish.
The growth rate of A. japonicus reached 0.34% / day.
The feeding capacity of A. japonicus on shellfish biological
sediment reached 159.6 kg/ha.
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
The advancement of cultural facilities
Name Previous condition Present condition Patents
Oyster shell reef
A. japonicus can't live on muddy bottoms.
10-20/m2
ZL200910017420.XZL201010113501.2
Shellfish feces reuse device
The feces fall onto the seabed directly.
The feces can be taken in by A. japonicus. (159.6kg hm-1d-1)
ZL200410020967.2
Seaweed culture facility in open sea area
Gracilaria lemaneiformis can't be cultivated in offshore.
The quantity of Gracilaria lemaneiformis raise to 1.8kg/m2 in 2 months.
ZL200910018386.8
New system for bottom culture
The density of A. japonicus is 1-2 ind/m2 on semi-sandy bottoms in offshore.
10-16 ind/m2 ZL200710162550.3
Multi-layer, plate-type reef
The density of A. japonicus in cofferdam is 7-8 ind/m2
30-42 ind/m2 ZL0810249530.4
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Contents
New artificial reefs & facilities2
Look into the future4
Introduction31
Integrated utilization33
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
1. Mariculture and stock enhancement in the cofferdams
Reef types : Oyster shell reef 、 Integrated three-floor
artificial reef 、 rock
Size and amount : 10-40 ind/500g, or 200 ind/500g, 7.5
ind/m2 to 15 ind/m2.
Season : Spring ang autumn, April, May, October
Water temprature: 8-12℃
Mariculture Ecology & Environment Remediation Group
2. Co-culture of macroalgae-abalone-sea cucumber in bays
Mariculture Ecology & Environment Remediation Group
Constructed habitat: Structure the artificial reef and protect the seaweed
bed
Species : macroalgae, abalone, A. japonicus, and fish
Result: primary producer(phytoplankton, macroalgae), primary
consumer(abalone), sedimentary trophic consumers(A. japonicus), and
swimming fish(Sebastes schlegeli and Lateolabrax japonicus).
3. Co-culture of sea grass-shellfish-sea cucumber in the lagoon
Constructed habitat: The seaweed bed
Species: Zostera marina, shellfish, A. japonicus, and fish
Result: primary producer(phytoplankton, seaweed, algae), primary
consumer(Ruditapes philippinarum), sedimentary trophic consumers(A.
japonicus), and swimming fish(Sebastes schlegeli and Lateolabrax
japonicus).
Mariculture Ecology & Environment Remediation Group
4. Polyculture mode at island areas
Island
The 12m isobath
Near island:
seaweed cultivation to elevate primary production;
A. Japonicus culture; juvenile wild fish recruitment
Off island:
Deploy artificial reefs (ships, concrete); adult wild fish recruitment
Mariculture Ecology & Environment Remediation Group
The reserve for commercial fishes
The breeding ground for A. japonicus
Fish feeding and nursing ground
The reserve for commercial fishes
Contents
New artificial reefs & facilities2
Look into the future4
Introduction31
Integrated utilization33
Look into the future
Develop effective mariculture & stock enhancement
facilities and techniques for sea cucumber.
Monitor and evaluate the bioremediation ability of key
species in coastal area and the bioremediation effect of
specific mode or facility.
Research habitat and resource restoration and the effect
evaluation technology of bay or shallow sea.
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences