new trends in mobile computing: medical applications and localization solomon atnafu, phd department...

New Trends in Mobile Computing: New Trends in Mobile Computing: Medical Applications and LocalizationMedical Applications and Localization

Solomon Atnafu, PhDDepartment of Computer Science,

Addis Ababa [email protected]

The Second Session of the Committee on DevelopmentThe Second Session of the Committee on DevelopmentInformation, Science and TechnologyInformation, Science and Technology

CODIST-IICODIST-II2-5 May 2011, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia2-5 May 2011, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia



Outline1. Overview2. Trends in Mobile Applications3. Case Mobile Applications

– mHealth Applications,– Localization Examples

4. Recommendations





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1. Overview• Mobile computing:

– A computing facility with a feature of mobility. A computer is expected to be transported during normal usage.

• Three aspects of Mobile Computing: – mobile communication, – mobile hardware, and – mobile software.

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mobile hardware

Development

1973

2009/10

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http://www.google.com.et/imgres?imgurl=http://www.phonello.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/cell-phone-first.bmp&imgrefurl=http://www.phonello.com/others/history-of-cellular-phones-part-1/&usg=__koHxCslUtJEMyhRteseKmSauDKI=&h=400&w=400&sz=469&hl=en&start=14&zoom=1&itbs=1&tbnid=gTqgIip7Z6JtwM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=124&prev=/search%3Fq%3DHistory%2Bof%2Bwireless%2BCommunication%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1007%26bih%3D496%26gbv%3D2%26tbm%3Disch&ei=V-_ATaHPCIau8gO4jP3UBQ

Wireless Communication Technology Developments

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From the age of telegraph to ad-hoc networks

2. Trends in Mobile Applications

Mobile phone microscopy (CellScope):- a standard camera-enabled mobile phone microscope (University of California, Berkeley, 2008)- magnification of up to 50X,- estimated resolution of 1.2 µmDr. Martin Cooper,

1973; first cell phone

(Take-Along Telephones)http://www.cellular.co.za/cellphone_inventor.htm

More than 30 years

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Mobile Phone Based Applications:

Mobile phones for data collection and delivery of information from remote sites:7CODIST-II

Data from the field compiled and sent by SMS

Formatted SMS:TEST 170 150 120 20 18 45 135

Server at central location

How the system Works:

Report is generated at the server side

RapidSMS : availing almost Real-time data to decision makers from any corner of a country via SMS based Application (introduced by UNICEF).

Open Data Kit (ODK) • By a group at the University of Washington supported by

Google;

• Mobile Internet Access, Web-based,

• Allows to capture, submit, store and report data as diverse as text, video, audio, images, barcodes, and GPS readings.– Kenya- HIV treatment program in a home-based testing and

counseling program,

– Brazil- forest tree inventory

– Uganda- customers data collection

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Sana is a standard-focused open-source system that supports audio, images, location-based data, text, and in the future, video for telemedicine and other relevant applications.

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sana

• Efficiency,• Communication,• Mobility, • Coverage• Economical advantage

What is the Problem?

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3. Case Mobile Applications:Department of Computer Science,

Addis Ababa University1. Epidemic and Communicable Disease Surveillance Data Reporting and

Medical Cases Communication System; by Solomon Atnafu, Andualem Workneh, Yonan Getachew.

2. Mobile Health and Demographic-Data Reporting and Communication System: a mHealth system for the Case of the Butajira Rural Health Program; by Solomon Atnafu, Andualem Workneh, Yonan Getachew.

3. The “ ” ሀለሐ Virtual Ethiopic Keyboard for Smart Phones; by Andualem Workneh, Yonan etachew, Solomon Atnafu,

4. Perpetual Ethiopic Calendar, Organizer and Diary System for Android Based Smart Phones; Zenebe Nigussie and Solomon Atnafu,

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Epidemic and Communicable Disease Epidemic and Communicable Disease

Surveillance Data Reporting and Medical Surveillance Data Reporting and Medical

Cases Communication System Cases Communication System

Solomon Atnafu, Andualem Workneh, Yonan Getachewemails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa University

November 10, 2010M4D 2010, Kampala, Uganda

This project is partially supported by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) through the UNECA-Finland Cooperation for ICT Development in Africa.

The Current Practice• Existing Practice Analyzed

(Data Collected from the Public Health Emergency Management Center of the Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Resource Institute, FMoH).

–Data collection formats acquired (Case based Reporting Format, Epidemic Disease Reporting Formats)

–Cases are reported using paper based formats;

–health extension workers health center Woreda health office Regional health bureau FMoH.

–Currently, about twenty communicable diseases were identified and are under close surveillance,

–Some of them need to be reported immediately, others on weekly basis,

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Problems Identified – Depending on the case reporting can be by telephone,

– But, there are places where there is no telephone access,

– Sending completed reports to the desired site is time taking,

– Disease cases may be reported after a long delay,

– Delayed reporting of cases is too costly and very sensitive,

– Manual data analysis is error prone and time consuming,

– Even though the report reaches on time, analysis may take time since it requires data entry of all forms received,

– Entering the paper based data in to computer applications (ex. Excel) is also error prone and a time consuming task,

– The need for efficient data collection and analysis is high! 14CODIST-II

• Requirement Analysis Conducted, Actors Identified.

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Implementation• Selection of the Development Environment The client device (the mobile phone device) selected:

– Android OS based phone,

Criterion:

– Free and Open Source OS,

– Future trend of development and application,

– Localization capability,

– Availability of applications,

– Others: Handset layouts, Storage, Connectivity, Messaging, Web browser, Java support, Media support, Development environment, Market, support of manufacturers, etc.

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• Development of the Client System

The first Screen of the Application

The icon of the

application Installed

on the phone

List of functionalities of the application on the

mobile phone

Case Reporting form with save and send

options

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The Server Side system

• Basic functionalities of the server side system:– The type of message can be Medical case reporting or assistance

request, so it identifies the type of message accepted and store appropriately.

– A number of messages are expected to be received at a time, Therefore the system should be able to manage this.

– Provide a two way communication between the client (mobile phones in the fields) and the server. This includes sending messages, receiving messages and providing communication history where the sent and received messages can be viewed.

– Keep track of the contact details of the users who communicate with the system.

– Different users with different access levels will use the web application, therefore manage the users of the system and provide security.

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Server Side System Components:

• User Manager– Logging in to the System– Using the User Manager

• Creating New User/Contact• Editing User/Contact

• Message Manager– Sending SMS messages– View Sent Messages– Receiving SMS Messages

• Forms Manager– Viewing & Editing Received Forms

• Report Generator

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Received Form List

Custom Report 20

Some screenshots of the server side Interfaces:

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• Contributions:– Instant delivery of reports,

– Rapid communication Between professionals and field workers,

– Zero data entry time,

– Zero or highly reduced error rate,

– Higher transparency and accountability,

– Medical assistant (Tele-consultation), build confidence on quality of data, instant delivery of critical messages to field workers,

– Highly simplified and fast report generation,

– Opens the way for other similar applications.

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The “ ” ሀለሐ Virtual Ethiopic Keyboard for Smart Phones

Andualem Workneh, Yonan Getachew, Gedion TAMENE, Solomon Atnafu, emails:, [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected] , [email protected]

November 11, 2010M4D 2010, Kampala, Uganda

This project is partially supported by UNECA

Addis Ababa University

• The Ethiopic Character Set

– Amharic is the working language of the federal government of Ethiopia (a country with a population of more than 80 million) and is spoken and written as a first or second language in many parts of the country.

– Among the other languages that use Ethiopic script are Tigrigna, Guragegna, Agewigna, and many other languages in the southern region of Ethiopia.

– Tigrigna is a language for about nine million people particularly in Tigrai region of Ethiopia and in Eretria.

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• Virtual keyboards: For mobile computing devices - The virtual keyboard fits on their small screen size, hence the best choice in many situations.

The Challenges –Keyboard design

• Keyboard Mapping and Input Methods (Many Efforts since the 1980’s)

Standard Keyboard Mapping:

• Typewriter layout,

• Phonetic layout;

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Advantage:

• As a result of many efforts Ethiopic is Unicode supported.

• Ethiopic Unicode (1200 – 137F)

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Standard Key-pad for mobile phones

Ethiopic Key-pad for mobile phones

Composing Template-based Text

The mobile phone input method design

By Shiferaw Abebe, Solomon Atnafu and Samuel Kinde, Department of Computer Science, Addis Ababa University

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Basic Character selection set component

NonBasic Character selection component

Figure: Proposed Layout for the virtual Ethiopic keyboard

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Virtual Ethiopic Keyboard: - System Layout Design

Implementation

The System Development Environment

• Android operating system based smart phones are selected.

• The basic reasons to choose Android platform are that:

– It uses Freetype, a free and open source bitmap and vector font engine, which supports Unicode text layout and glyph rendering. Ethiopic Unicode fonts, such as Microsoft's Nyala and GFZ's Geez Free Zemen, can be used to render text using Freetype on the Android platform. Other platforms such as the Palm OS lack the internationalization support required to fully meet the needs of Ethiopic software development.

– It comes with immediate availability to mobile versions of Google search, Google Maps, and Google Products that allow independent developers to create their own array of applications at a much less restrictive cost.

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Virtual Ethiopic Keyboard System (VEK)

29Figure : VEK on Android Emulator

The Main Panel

The Top Panel

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Figure: on the Android based HTC G1 smart phone

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Figure: (A)-The panel for Ethiopic and Amharic numerals and Mathematical symbols; (B)- the Virtual QWERTY keyboard.

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Contribution• YES, WE CAN

– YES; Technology can and should embrace culture,

– a virtual keyboard layout is designed for more than 340 Ethiopic characters,

– multi-script text writing is supported, users can switch between our VEK and the Virtual QWERTY keyboard.

– Any mobile application can be localized,

– Opens the way to include other smart phones, such as Nokia and other mobile operating systems.

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Mobile Health- and Demographic-Data Mobile Health- and Demographic-Data Reporting and Communication System Reporting and Communication System for the Butajira Rural Health Projectfor the Butajira Rural Health Project

BySolomon Atnafu, Project Manager ([email protected])Andualem Workneh, Developer

Yonan Getachew, Developer

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Addis Ababa, EthiopiaMarch 2010

This project is partially supported by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) through the UNECA-Finland Cooperation for ICT Development in Africa.

The BRHP aimed to:• Assess the fertility, mortality, nuptiality and migration trends

and determinants;

• Analyze public health and health behavioral determinants of mortality;

• Assess the coverage and utilization of health services in the area in relation to health needs of the people;

• Build and strengthen research and training capacity; and

• Develop local capacity in the prevention and control of disease.

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• What are the problems?– Sending completed reports of the enumerators from Rural Kebeles to

to Woreda Health Posts, or to higher health offices and then to a central project office is time taking,

– cases that need immediate interventions may be reported after a long delay, while delayed reporting of cases could be too costly and very sensitive,

– Even though the report reaches on time, analysis may take time since it requires data entry of all the forms received,

– Entering the paper based data in to computer applications is also error prone and time consuming task,

– As a result, an obvious question of efficiency is on the air; CODIST-II 35

Current Practice: Reporting and Data Collection•Manual: data collected on paper based forms, compiling, analysis and reporting

The Butajira Rural Health Program-

Actor’s interaction and operations CODIST-II 36

Health Professional

Report HD Data

Get Assistance View

Report

Generate Report

Remove User

Register User Assistance

Give Assistance

View Report

Enumerators

System Administrator

Requirement Analysis . . .USE CASES DIAGRAM

Analysis and Design conducted

• The client side: – An Android based smart Phone,– With virtual Ethiopic keyboard and mobile virtual QWERTY

keyboard,– Data can be collected in both Amharic and English

languages,

• The Server Side:– A server with MySQL database, – Reports can be generated in a required format,– web based interface to allow medical professionals and

the system administrator have access to the system,

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Implementation

Client Side: Mobile Health- and Demographic-Data Reporting and Communication System - Some screenshots

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Server Side System Components:

• User Manager– Logging in to the System– Using the User Manager

• Creating New User/Contact• Editing User/Contact

• Message Manager– Sending SMS messages– View Sent Messages– Receiving SMS Messages

• Forms Manager– Viewing & Editing Received Forms

• Report Generator

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Screen shot of Birth Form List

Screen shot of Birth Report

• Contributions:– Instant delivery of reports,– Rapid communication Between professionals and field workers,– Almost Zero data entry time,– Zero or highly reduced error rate, – Higher transparency and accountability,– Medical assistant (Tele-consultation), build confidence on quality

of data, instant delivery of critical messages to field workers,– Highly simplified and fast report generation, – Enables faster decision making,– Amharic Virtual Ethiopic Keyboard for Android Phones,– Localization of the Android Phone,– Development of the Mobile Health- and Demographic-Data

Reporting and Communication System,– Opens the way for other similar applications.

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ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITYDEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIESMASTER’S PROJECT DEFENCE

Perpetual Ethiopic and European Calendar Perpetual Ethiopic and European Calendar and Organizer System for an Android Based and Organizer System for an Android Based

Smart Phones.Smart Phones.

By: Zenebe Nigussie

Advisor: Solomon Atnafu (PhD)

June 24, 2010

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The Ethiopian Calendar system

Ethiopian Calendar system is based on solar system having 365 or 366 (during leap year) days per year.

It has 13 months, 12 of them with 30 days each and one month with 5 or 6 (leap year) days per year.

Religious Holidays

• Christian Holidays

• Muslim Holidays National Holiday (Non-Religious)

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Analysis and Design

• For the development of the system different requirements are identified.

• The functional requirements that identified are represented in the use case shown next slide.

• The architecture of the system that meets the requirements of the system is depicted in the next slide.

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Implementation• In order to generate the perpetual Ethiopian with the

corresponding Gregorian calendar the algorithm is developed and implemented.

• To determine the date of the holidays, whose date appears at different date from year to year, algorithm is developed and implemented.

• Based on the Ethiopian calendar organizer/scheduler and diary system is developed that support Amharic text.

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Select year Select month45CODIST-II

Diary/schedule or plan

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ContributionsThe main contribution of this project is:

Algorithm is generate that generate the Ethiopian calendar Algorithm is developed that convert Ethiopian date to European date

and compute Ethiopian holydays Architecture of the calendar, organizer and diary system. Developed perpetual Ethiopic and Gregorian calendar based on the

algorithms Designed and implemented organizer/scheduler and diary system for

Android phone that support Ethiopic script

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4. Recommendations• Create awareness (decision makers, medical

personnel, practitioners, students, women, in Schools, etc.),

• Select the appropriate mobile devices for your Application (Cost/Benefit, future trends, etc.)

• Adopt to Local needs (in African context, localization)• Exploit the potential of mobile computing,• Adopt applications to reality of being mobile,

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አአመሰመሰግናግና ለሁ ለሁ

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ThaThank nk YouYou CODIST-II





new trends in mobile computing: medical applications and localization solomon atnafu, phd department...

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