CONTENTS

PAGE 1 SOJA DANUBE ASSOCIATION THE INTEREST OF CERTIFIED SOYBEAN EURALIS PORTFOLIO

PAGES 2-3 SOYBEAN CROP’S MANUAL

PAGE 4 HOW TO CHOOSE A SOYBEAN VARIETY? DID YOU KNOW?

DANUBE SOYA ASSOCIATION: A European answer for a sustainable development of GMO free soyaDANUBE SOYA is an international non-profit association based in Vienna which was founded in 2012. The vocation of the Danube Soya Association is to promote the cultivation of sustainable, high quality GMO free soybean in Europe, by catching the added value from the food and feed markets. Organization is present in 16 countries of the Danube region.

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1 Bayern, Baden, Württemberg2 Trentino Alto Adige, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Veneto, Emilia-Romana, Lombardia, Piemont, Vallée d’Aoste3 Dolnoslaskie, Opolskie, Slaskie, Swietokrzyskie, Podkarpackie, Malopolske4 Uschgorod, Tschernowzy, Winniza, Odessa, Lwow, Ternopol, Chmelnizkij, Iwano-Frankovsm

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Danube Soya association brings together businesses and organizations from every link of the value chain: primary processors, compound feed producers, agricultural traders, and many other partners. Danube Soya provides consumers with safe, sustainable, regional and GM-free soya, ensuring animal keepers long-term security of supply. The long term objective of the association is the cultivation of 1.5 million of ha of soybean in the Danube Region without Ukraine. Ukraine will cultivate 2.4 million ha of soybean in a long term. To sum up, Danube Soya is a brand new program that stands for the use of GMO free soybeans for food and feed quality products. Danube Soya map

DO YOU KNOW THE INTEREST OF SOYBEAN CERTIFIED SEEDS?

–Guaranteed potential of the yield;

–Insured quality of future nutritional values;

–Variety purity (99% min) physical quality of the seeds (15% of humidity);

–Good germination (at least 80%) that insures homogeneous growth and harvest;

–GMO free (less than 0,06%);

–O% pollution tolerance for invasive weeds: Cuscute, Avena fatua, Avena ludoviciana, Avena sterilis;

–Diseases toleance: mosaic virus increase with farm seeds, Phialophora gregata (brown stem rot of soybean), Phytophthora megasperma fsp, Glycinea (Seeds contamination);

–Investments in R&D with objective to increase the yield, protein quality / content and diseases tolerance and the soybean germplasm improvement.

FINDYOUR WALL

POSTER

EURALIS: THE LEADER NON GMO SOYBEAN SEED COMPANY

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000Very early

1000 – 1150

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00Early

1150 – 1250

ES MENTORES TENOR

ES DOMINATOR

0Mid-Early

1250 – 1350 ES GLADIATOR

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1350 - 1450

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Soybean certified seeds – it is a guarantee of quality and quantity for the farmers and the industry

EDITORIALIn the world, the soybean crop occupies more than 100 million of ha. Among those surfaces 70-80% are considered to contain GMO traits. American continents represent 87% of total soybean production. This is mainly South American production on more than 50 million of ha, essentially concentrated in Brazil.

The soybean surface in Europe represents only 3% of the world’s total, with more than 4 million of ha in Ukraine and Russia. It is 83% of European surface in 2014. Normally all surfaces are GMO free, but some pollutions were detected due to the use of farm saved seed.

European market demands non GMO soya. In the past, the South America was capable to provide this type of soya. But with the cross pollinations and limited surfaces dedicated to non GMO their offer decreases. That is why Europe had gathers the forces around the industry to secure the supplies on the continent.

From another side, a reform for Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was done with the objective of enhancing the production of European vegetable proteins. Firstly, in order to reduce the dependence from external suppliers, secondly, to reduce the level of animal proteins used in food.

Moreover, soybean remains a profitable crop due to low need of fertilizer and pesticide application and with no high water requirement, if compare to corn. It is also a very good crop for rotation.

All those reasons increase the internal European demand for the soybean.

EURALIS is one of European leaders on the soybean seed market. The company has almost 50 years’ experience in the crop breeding and is bringing its knowledge for the clients. Through the pages of this newsletter we are answering the technical questions that our clients ask frequently. And I invite you to discover the crop of soya with Euralis.

Frederic GUEDJSoybean Projects Manager, Euralis Semences

NEWSLETTERSOYBEAN

The advantages of Soybean1. Good in rotations with cereals, as break the cycle

of some weeds: Diabrotica on corn roots and mycotoxins of cereals

2. No special need of nitrogen due to Rhizobium inoculation

3. Low pesticide inputs to control diseases and insects

4. Moderate water requirements, less than corn. 5. Adaptable to different techniques of cultivation6. Has multiple opportunities for the usage in feed

and food7. Is a focus interest of the European Agricultural

policy to reduce the dependence on vegetable proteins

Purple flower

Petiole

Trifoliolate leaf

Pods

Roots

Node

Stem

Nodules

VC

V1

R1

R5

R7

R8

Source: A. Aigner-IPZ 3c-2012

BAD INOCULATION

GOOD INOCULATION

Source: A. Aigner-IPZ 3c-2012

BAD

6 July 2010, Inoculation testings

GOOD

1. Preparation of the soil Objective: To have a good seed-bed and a good structure of soil for a rapid and homogenous establishment; a good development of root nodulation. To facilitate soil warm up.Soybean can be cultivated on many types of soils. If the cultivation is done without irrigation, it is recommended to avoid soil with weak capacity to hold water (superficial clay-limestone or sandy soils) and to focus on deep soils. Although, limestone soils should also be avoided when the acid level is higher than 10%, as it can cause iron chlorosis and limit the nodulation, as a result to reduce the development of the plant and the yield. A soil crusting during soybean emergence can decrease the future density due to cotyledons damages. That is why the soil work should be done before the planting. Plow the soil and reduce the compactions. You should also limit machine passing and avoid working with wet soil. Rotation of soybean every third year should reduce Sclerotinia disease risk and specific weeds problems.

2. Planting Objective: Succeed a precise homogenous planting based on the maturity of the variety.While sowing soybean, pay attention to the level of precision that you can have with the machinery. More homogenous repartition of seeds you have – better it is.Recommended soil temperature is 10°C or more, in order to have a quick emergence and to reduce the risk of loss caused by soil pests.As for the depth of planting, you should keep the level of 2 cm for early seedling in cold soils condition and crusting soil. From another side for late seeding when soil temperature is more than 10°C with a good structure you can go up to 3-4 cm.Depending on the earliness group the distance between the rows is not the same:

• 18-30 cm for group 000• 18-50 cm for group 00• 25-60 cm for group 0, I and II

If you may have a high Sclerotinia risk, a preferable precaution is to leave 50-60 cm between rows to have better aeration.The earliness of the variety influences the recommended density as well. Depending on the cultivation method and diseases risks level, the density changes:

Earliness Crop method Population Objective (plants/ha)

Density planting with Low risk (kernels/ha)

Density planting with High risk (kernels/ha)

000 Without irrigation 600,000 670,000 750,00000 Without irrigation 550,000 610,000 690,00000 With irrigation 500,000 550,000 625,0000 Without irrigation 500,000 550,000 625,0000 With irrigation 400,000 440,000 500,000I Without irrigation 450,000 500,000 580,000I With irrigation 350,000 390,000 440,000II Without irrigation 400,000 440,000 500,000II With irrigation 300,000 330,000 375,000

3. Inoculation / Fertilisation Objective: to provide the plant with the necessary elements on the right stages.

INOCULATION For a good development of soya, especially at the early stages, the crop needs nitrogen. 25% of the need (100 kg/ha) are coming from the soil, the rest should be given. Inoculation with a bacteria Rhizobium japonicum will help to produce the needed nitrogen. When bacteria touch the roots of the plant we can observe the place of the symbiosis by the appearance of the noodles. The bacteria are fixing the nitrogen of the air and provide it to soybean. From its side, the plant is providing bacteria with carbon. In total 70-80% of nitrogen used by soybean is coming from roots nodules. For a good security, all plots must be inoculated. Calcareous and salty soils (more 35% of salt) must be inoculated obligatory.Inoculation should be done carefully because bacteria and seeds are fragile. Bacteria can be applied: while the planting with turf (most popular), in liquid or filmed solutions, or with specific microgranulates with turf.

FERTILISATION • Phosphor and potassium: Soya crop has moderate needs in microelements, but they are necessary. We can bring the phosphor and potassium during soil preparation. Here are general advices for the inputs:

In Unit Phosphor, units per ha Potassium, units per haYield objective Poor soil Medium soil Rich soil Poor soil Medium soil Rich soil

2,5 T/Ha 40 30 0 40 30 03,5 T/Ha 60 40 0 60 40 0

For acid soil (pH<5,5) and alkaline soil (pH>7,5) phosphor doses has to be low. For salty soils the potassium input shall be low as well.

• NITROGEN: No need to apply nitrogen during planting. But if leaves are getting yellow and if more than 30% of plants are not showing nodules, then it must be given to the plant. Depending on the soil level of nitrogen, you will need to bring 80 - 150 units per hectare according to the yield objective (2,5 - 4,5 t/ha respectively). The application can be done in 1 or 2 fractions. It must be done between the beginning of flowering (R1) and the stage of first pods appearance (R3). Urea nitrogen is preferable and if crop is under irrigation, nitrogen should be given before it.

BAD

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GOOD

Sclerotinia of the soybean

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Susceptible variety Variety with good tolerance

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Sources: CETIUM

4. Weeds control Objective: Prevent the weeds development at critical stages between cotyledons’ emergence and formation of the third node

(you’ll see two trifoliates on the steam). Soybean plant does not cover much the soil. It is very sensitive to weed competition at the early stages of the vegetation cycle.

Depending on the present or expected weeds, herbicide application can be done. There are two suitable moments: either at pre-emergence or at post-emergence stage. Pre-emergence application with common herbicides might be reinforced by the second application after the plants emergence.

From another side, if you need to limit the herbicide application for 1 time, a post-emergence Pulsar 40 has a wide efficiency spectrum. Intervention with Pulsar 40 (imazamox 40g/l) should take place when weeds are at the early stage (2-4 leaves maximum), one month after sowings. If you have the problems with

Polygonum convolvulus, Polygonum lapathifolium and Matricaria it is better to use use Basagran SG (bentazon 87%). Other herbicide products exist depending on different countries. N.B. When using the active moleculas like Pendimethaline and Metribuzin, be aware the the careful dose is very important, as the overdose can have the fatal effects on the soybean plants.

5. Diseases Objective: to take the preventive measures against diseases.

6. Water supply Objective: Increase and secure yield performanceThe easiest option for secure the yield is to get the cultivation under the irrigation. Irrigation on soybean is

recommended not frequently, but during the whole vegetation cycle up to 20 days before the harvest. The irrigation at the first pods maturity stage with brown color can increase the general yield and improve the quality of grains – protein content.If, the irrigation can’t be done the region should have sufficient precipitations. To reach the yield of 3,5-4 tons/ha on the deep soils 100 to 150 mm of precipitations are needed and on the light soils – 200-250 mm.

7. Harvest The maturity is reached when kernels are “jingling” in the pods. To harvest the soybean it is preferable to choose combines equipped with a floating flexible cutterbar and automatic control of header height. Soybeans might be harvested at moisture levels < 20%, but the yield must be stored at 14% of moisture or lower corresponding at the stage when the leaves have fallen.

A floating cutterbar can be used to cut the soybean plants entirely, closer to ground level. Adjust the cleaning fan to provide maximum air. Adjust the chaffer to allow the fan to separate pods and stalk pieces from the soybeans. Adjust the sieve to allow the pass of soy bean only. Adjust the air speed, chaffer and sieve settings during the whole day of harvest, depending on weather conditions and soybeans possible changes.The soya beans are very susceptible to shock and break easily. If the soy beans are destined for food consumption, careful harvest is inevitable, as the requirement is to provide the whole beans. That is why think always about the importance of the harvest adjustments.

SCLEROTINIA: If on the plot sclerotinia have already been observed on different crops, it

means the plot is risky for soya as well. The risk of the disease can also

appear in averagely deep to deep soil if the irrigation is used.

It is advised to adapt irrigation for soya by spacing out irrigation sessions while

increasing the water given per session. To eliminate the sclerotinia risk the best

option is to choose the varieties with a low susceptibility to it and high tolerance to

lodging. Euralis varieties are selected for this matter.

RHIZOCTONIA: A disease that is attacking the roots. It is also common to corn. The attacks are limited to spots on the field. The plant becomes yellow and dry down in time. Avoid the fields where the disease had already been identified, especially on the corn. Limit root asphyxiation risks, by good preparation of the soil, avoiding soil compaction. Avoid easily flooded areas as well.

Soybean on the optimal harvest stage

Maturity levels

PAGE 2 PAGE 3

SOYBEAN SOYBEAN

DO YOU KNOW THE ORIGINS OF SOYBEAN?The Soybean is an ancient crop with more than 4500 years of history. Origins take the roots in North-East Asia, most probably in China. Latin name of Soybean is Glycine hispida (Moench) Maxim (1873), Botanical family of Leguminosae (more 12 000 species), subfamily Papillionideae. Traditional line variety is Cleistogamous with completely closed flower and little cross-pollination (less than 1%). In nature 3 different types of soya exist: determined, semi-determined and undetermined.

A task of the breeders is to find the most suitable combination among different types of soya to get the best results in specific zone.

DO YOU KNOW SOYBEAN DIVERSITY? Germplasm of the soybean is extremely diversified. In the world there are 170 000 identified accessions of soybean. The leader is China with 6 510 accessions. In Europe, the leader country is Russia with more than 1 000 different accessions. The differences can be seen in different ways: in the color of the grains and flowers, in the shape of pods, in the development of the stem and roots systems. Here some examples of different accessions of soybean:

Flowers’ diversity Grains’ diversity Pods’ diversity Plants’ diversity

DO YOU KNOW SOYBEAN UTILITY?Soybean is a very rich and useful crop. Its components are:

I. PROTEIN: among all crops, soybean is one of the richest in protein. It provides all the amino acids needed for a human balanced nutrition. The soybean protein in its composition is close to high quality animal protein, coming from meet. Average level of protein in certified soybean is around 40%

II. OIL: with high level of around 18-20%, the soybean is a source of quality vegetable oil, containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, useful for good health.

III. A LOTS MORE: lecithin, tocopherols, saponins, glycerol, isoflavones and phytoserols, widely used in food processing presenting potential benefits for human health due to the anti-oxidant effects.

HOW TO CHOOSE A SOYBEAN VARIETY? EURALIS is a member of Danube Soya association since its beginning. Euralis is the only company that proposes the full range of varieties in different groups of precocity: from 000 to II. But how to choose correctly the right variety?

All over the world, in total 13 groups of maturity exist. In Europe, the most common earliness groups of soybean are:

000 00 0 I II

very early early mid mid-late late

group

But in Americas, for example, you may also observe some other groups, as X group - the latest one.

Depending on the region, EURALIS recommends different varieties.

Group 000Group 00Group 0Group IGroup II

020040060080010001200140016001800

000 00 0 III

40%

23%

17%12%

8%

Part of European Surfaces (Thousands of ha)

Recommended soybean varieties, depending on the European region

Choose variety according to 5 criteriasQ Earliness: Adapt the choice to the region, sowing date

and calculate the right sowing density.

W Productivity: the potential that you can get with the variety

E Susceptibility to sclerotinia: avoid sensible varieties in critical situation: short rotation, previous crops sensible to sclerotinia or planting in irrigated conditions;

R Lodging resistance: a good behavior makes the harvest easier and limit sclerotinia development;

T Protein content: a high protein content is required by the food industry.

SOYA FOR FOODWhole, dry soybean, tofu, soy drink, soy nuts, soy-based foods, such as frozen desserts and cheddar-flavored soy slices, developed for people suffering from lactose intolerance. Textured soy protein (TSP), soy flour – gluten-free products that can be used in some recipes as a substitute for wheat flour. Miso: a smooth, salty paste made of ground soybeans and used extensively in Japanese cooking. Tempeh – a chunky, tender soybean cake that is a traditional Indonesian food. The diversity of the products confirms the wide usage of soybeans in human healthy nutrition.

SOYA FOR FEED AND INDUSTRYThe most widely used product of soybean crushing is soybean meal (cake) used for livestock and poultry ration to bring high quality proteins. Sometimes we can meet it in pet nutrition preparations. From other side the crop is also used in industry for wood adhesives, rubbers and plastics productions, textiles, resins, printing inks, cosmetics….

Undetermined Determined

To sum up, soya is used widely due to its numerous characteristics and the farmers can easily sell their harvest if they insure its quality.

EURALIS SEMENCES / AVENUE GASTON PHOEBUS - 64231 LESCAR CEDEX - FRANCETEL. + 33 (0)5 59 92 38 38 / FAX. + 33 (0)5 59 92 54 51 - www.euralis-seeds.com

SOYBEAN

DO YOUKNOW

DID YOU KNOW