soybean research in euralis semences - …€¦ · soybean research in france: the actors ... •...

1

SOYBEAN RESEARCH

IN EURALIS SEMENCES

24 Nov 2016

Confidential – for internal use only2

DESCRIPTION OF A NON GM BREEDING

PROGRAM FOR EUROPEAN MARKET


Soybean Research in France

• The ACTORS

• Soybean Research in EURALIS Semences

• Views on the European market

• Breeding scheme

• European evaluation

• Joint work through the GIE

• Breeding departures

• Genetic pools

• Predictive equations

• Genetic resources


Soybean Research in France: the actors

• Private Soybean seed companies

Euralis Semences is the leader

• > 50% market share in France

• Non GM soybean breeding since 1975

• 1 association: GIE SOJA (Group Interest Economical)

• - The private French seeds companies

• - Terres UNIVIA (Inter-industries group for oils and vegetable proteins)

• - Terres INOVIA (Agronomical research institute on oil and protein crops)


What are the main earliness segments in Europe ? (only certified seeds considered)

Market develops in East, so breeding should focus more on Early groups (000 to 0).


Breeding Scheme

Year 1: New crosses: 60 per year

F1 plant in the greenhouse

Year 2: Bulk of F2 plants

Year 3: Bulk of F3 plants

Year 4: Bulk of F4 plants, harvest of individual

plants

Year 5: plant lines F5 in the nursery

Year 6: First year experimentation

Year 7: Second year experimentation (locations

across Europe)

Year 8:First year Application


A European Soybean Breeding & Testing networkPresent in each soybean area in Europe

: Soybean Breeding Center (Toulouse)

: Seed factory (Pau + Cherkassy UA)

: Breeding & testing trials


Help of Molecular activities

• Increasing use of Molecular Markers :

• Use of a high density chip 6K SNP (BARCSoySNP6K)

• SNP from the 50K chip (Song et al. 2013)

• Speed up soybean genetic progress (DNA map, optimal crosses)

• Genetic diversity :

• Objectives :

• Genetic resources to optimize the choice of the new departures

• Genetic structuration of the germplasm

• Varieties at pre-application stage to avoid DUS problem


Joint work through the GIE

Breeding activities based at Montpellier (at INRA : Institute National Research

Agronomic, station of Mauguio).

• - New crosses in greenhouses

• - F0 in summer

• - F1 generation in greenhouse during winter (speed up genetic progress)

• Average

•

•

10

15

20

25

30

2003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015

Succ

ess

rat

e (

%)

Year

Success rate for the crossesfrom 2003 to 2015


Joint work through the GIE

• Development of 4 Genetic pools

• Protein pool (Medium – Late)

• Elite pool (for yield, Medium - Late)

• Improved pool (yield and protein, Medium - Late)

• In 2015 creation of a new genetic pool « Early High Protein »

• Molecular project to find specific marker for male sterile gene ms2 used in the pools

• Support to pre-application evaluation in some locations

• NIRS (Near Infra Red Spectroscopy) calibration for protein and oil

• Work on anti-nutritional factors (FAT) KTI and BBI (peptides)

• Objective: develop NIRS calibration (fast and cheap method) => screen genetic material

N Mini Max Moy R² SECV

Protéines 603 30,4 49 40,72 0,9637 0,721


• Made from 125 samples (30 samples in 2012 + 50 in 2013 + 45 in 2014)

Oil & Proteins Calibration with NIRS

Oil content in % of MTQProteins content in % of MTQ

Oil content from the 125 samples varies from 12,9% to 23%

%


• Correlation between OIL content (crude %) and PROTEIN content (crude %)

Oil & Proteins Calibration with NIRS

Correlation coefficient

Oil content in f (prot)

Linear (oil content in f(prot)

Proteins content (% MTQ)

Oil

co

nte

nt

(% M

TQ

)


The Soybean GENETIC PROGRESS is slow compared to corn!

(Unip-Arvalis sources)

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Ql/Ha

SOYBEANWith 50% Farm saved seeds

CORN With Hybrid technology

+ 0.17 Ql / year

+ 1.33 Ql / year


How to speed up the genetic progress to

increase Yield & Proteins for farmers ?

• Research is very costly. To speed up soybean genetic

progress, it is necessary to :

• 1- Use diversified source of genetics => “heterosis”

effect

• 2- Use certified seeds to finance research &

breeding


Use of Genetic Resources today by EURALIS

• The origins

• French INRA collection: 1370 pedigrees, some off them present in the World

Collection

• Specific INRA Collection: 457 pedigrees (no present in the World Collection)

• EURALIS Collection

COLLECTION GLOBALE

1370 accessions

COLLECTION SPECIFIQUE

457 accessions

CORE-COLL 50

accessions


But world soybean germplasm is huge,

especially in China !

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

There are 170.000 accessions in the world, including 45.000 are unique ones

70 000

60 000

50 000

40 000

30 000

20 000

10 000

0


Use of Genetic Resources today by EURALIS

• EURALIS has no breeding collaboration with China yet

• EUCLEG project in 2015

• Global project on legume crops, interest for EURALIS on Soybean

• Withdraw of the Euralis candidature because seed flow was only from France to China and

no reciprocity

• Expectation: opening of China to germplasm exchanges with reciprocity

• Exchanges with private companies with MTA

• Import of genotypes from the World Collection (USDA)

• Purchase of genetic available on the market


2- Use of certified seeds to speed up genetic

progress

- Soybean is a pure line (and not a hybrid) with easy

development of farm saved seeds.

- From 1 ha of soybean seeds certified purchased,

farmers can cover 160 000 ha in 4 years without

paying anything anymore to the breeder

Year ha

2014 1

2015 20

2016 400

2017 8 000

2018 160 000

- Research investment is not profitable

If farmers were using certified seeds, research budget would

dramatically increase followed by genetic progress : higher soybean

yield & proteins for farmers and industries.


THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

soybean research in euralis semences - …€¦ · soybean research in france: the actors ... •...

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