newsletter of the human rights treaties division no 24

8/10/2019 Newsletter of the Human Rights Treaties Division No 24

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OHCHR HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES DIVISION

Newsletter No. 24 / July -September 2014

Last June, the Chairpersons of the ten human rightstreaty bodies held their annual meeting, the first one

after the adoption of the landmark General Assemblyresolution 68/268 on the strengthening of the treaty body

system. In her video-message, the then HighCommissioner for Human Rights, Navi Pillay,congratulated the Chairpersons for placing the treatybodies on the map as a system during theintergovernmental process on treaty body strengthening.She welcomed the natural alliance between treaty bodiesand her Office which, together, had accomplished whatmany had deemed impossible the first successfulstrengthening of the human rights treaty bodies in 40years, for the benefit of right-holders and consideredtreaty body strengthening a key achievement of hertenure. The High Commissioner emphasized that thetreaty bodies and OHCHR were different and

independent actors. The General Assembly had made

this clear in its resolution 68/268 by conferring certainresponsibilities on the treaty bodies and others on theOHCHR. She highlighted that the treaty bodies and theOffice had aligned interests but distinct roles to play and

that each would be judged separately in the Secretary-

Generals biennial report to the Assembly. The HighCommissioner therefore encouraged the Chairpersons tocontinue their leadership role.

The year 2015 is approaching fast and will bring changeto our collective work. In less than three months, thetreaty body system will enter a new era. In this newcontext, we will continue to do our outmost to provide theten human rights expert committees and theirstakeholders with the highest possible standard ofprofessional support as we strongly believe we can allmake a difference in improving human rights worldwide.This is part of our commitment as the UN's Human

Rights Office.

Message from the Director

The treaty body system enters a new era


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OHCHR -HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES DIVISION Newsletter No. 24 / July -September 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EDITORIAL Message from the Director 1

HIGHLIGHT Chairpersons act on General Assembly encouragement to harmonize treatybody working methods 3

Informal consultation of Treaty Body Chairpersons with States 4

RECENT

DEVELOPMENTS

General discussion by the Committee on the Elimination of DiscriminationAgainst Women on the right to education

4

Calls on Human Rights Council to convene a special session onIraq's human rights situation

5

Migrant domestic workers: How to protect the least protected 5

Childrens rights in a digital age6

Celebrating 25thanniversary of the Convention on the Rights of the Child viaGoogle Hangouts 6

Call for universal ratification of the Convention against Torture 7

You, in this room, are making a real difference to childrens live 7

Committee on Enforced Disappearances Urgent Action Procedure 8INTERVIEW

Interview with Maurice Kamto, member of the UN international LawCommission 10

CAPACITY-

BUILDING

Treaty Body training to help the Government of Mali fulfil its reportingobligations 12

Gender and statistics: Pacific region civil servants learn importance of genderperspective in statistics for reporting to treaty bodies

12

Myanmar considers ratifying ICESCR, CAT and OPAC 13

SPT Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture visits Nicaragua 13

INTERVIEW

Interview de Maurice Kamto, membre de la Commission du droit internationalde lONU 14

NEW OHCHR publications 16

OTHERS Latest signatures, ratifications and accessions 17

Latest State Party reports received 19

Info on OHCHR Human Rights Treaties Division 21

Tools and links 22


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OHCHR -HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES DIVISION

Harmonizing the working methods of the Committeeswas top of the agenda for the 26 thannual meeting

of the Chairpersons of the 10 international human rightstreaty bodies that took place in June 2014 in Geneva,just weeks after the General Assemblys landmarkresolution on treaty body strengthening.

The meeting, presided by Malcolm Evans, Chairpersonof Subcommittee on the Prevention of Torture, withEmmanuel Decaux, the Chairperson of the Committeeon Enforced Disappearances, as Vice-Chairperson,specifically considered (1) the simplified reportingprocedure; (2) the conduct of constructive dialogue; and(3) the format for concluding observations.

The meeting included, as usual, consultations withStates, representatives of civil society and theInternational Coordinating Committee of national humanrights institutions. The Chairpersons also discussedreprisals against individuals and groups cooperatingwith the treaty bodies.

The Chairpersons welcomed the encouragement givenby the General Assembly to the treaty bodies inparagraph 38 of resolution 68/268 to enhance theChairpersons role on procedural matters. This includesformulating conclusions on issues related to workingmethods, generalizing good practices andmethodologies among all treaty bodies, ensuringcoherence across the treaty bodies and standardizingworking methods. They reiterated the decision taken atprevious Chairpersons'meetings that the Chairpersonsshould adopt measures on working methods andprocedural matters that are common across the treaty

body system and have been discussed by eachcommittee. Such measures should be implemented byall treaty bodies unless a committee subsequentlydissociates itself from them.

On the simplified reporting procedure, the Chairpersonsechoed the encouragement contained in article 1 of GA

resolution 68/268 that treaty bodies which examineperiodic reports should consider making such aprocedure available after 1 January 2015. They alsoendorsed the view that treaty bodies might considermaking a simplified process available for initial reports.Each treaty body ought to consider revising its existingreporting guidelines with a view to ensuring that StatesParties are able to submit reports that conform to theseguidelines and to the new word limits detailed inparagraph 16 of the treaty body strengtheningresolution.

The Chairpersons also recommended the alignment ofexisting practices for the constructive dialogue and theformat of concluding observations. They endorsed astandard guidance note on the constructive dialoguebetween the State party and a treaty body as well as astandard framework for concluding observations, notingthe need for each treaty body to be able to exerciseflexibility in the application of these models to meetspecific needs.

On reprisals against individuals and groups cooperatingwith the treaty bodies, the Chairpersons invited all treatybodies which have not yet done so to establish aRapporteur on reprisals to take the necessary steps toprevent, protect against, investigate and pursue

accountability of acts of intimidation or reprisals. Theyalso decided to develop and adopt a joint treaty bodypolicy against reprisals at their 27th meeting in June2015 and to include reprisals as a standing item on theagenda of the annual Chairpersons meeting. At their25th annual meeting, the Chairpersons had alreadydecided to include late and non-reporting by Statesparties as a standing item on the annual agenda.

At next year's annual meeting, the Chairpersons willconsider, in addition to any follow-up to this yearsmeeting:

A common policy by the treaty body system on

intimidation and reprisals;

The possible alignment of the consultation processfor the elaboration of general comments;

Late and non-reporting by States parties;

The Post-2015 Development Agenda;

Capacity-building and technical cooperation in lightof GA resolution 68/268.

In closing, the Chairpersons recommended that theannual Chairpersons meeting rotate between Geneva,New York and the regions.

For the full report of the 26 th meeting of Chairpersons,

please click here.

More information about the Chairpersons' activities isavailable on the following webpagehttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/AnnualMeeting/Pages/MeetingChairpersons.aspx

Chairpersons act on General Assembly encouragement toharmonize treaty body working methods


Soledad Cisternas Reyes (CRPD), Nigel Rodley (HRCttee), NicoleAmeline (CEDAW), Zdzislaw Kedzia (CESCR), Kirsten Sandberg(CRC), Emmanuel Decaux (CED), Malcolm Evans (SPT), FranciscoCarrion Mena (CMW), Felice Gaer (Vice-Chair of CAT), Jose FranciscoCalitzay (CERD) (not on the picture), at the 26th Meeting ofChairpersons, Geneva, June 2014 OHCHR/Danielle Kirby
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During their annual meeting, per usual practice, theChairpersons of the 10 treaty bodies held informal

consultations with States.

Malcolm Evans, Chairperson of the annual meeting,opened the meeting and welcomed the opportunity for arenewed partnership with States. He expressed support forthe implementation by all actors of General Assemblyresolution 68/268 on treaty body strengthening. Hewelcomed in particular the additional meeting time toreduce the backlog in the consideration of State partyreports and individual communications.

The other Chairpersons of treaty bodies presented theperspectives of their respective committees with regards to

the resolution, underscoring that it respects theindependence and impartiality of treaty bodies and theirmembers, and pointed to the specificities of individualtreaties. Overall, they expressed their readiness toharmonize the committees working methods, on the basisof good practices, and to make their procedures moreefficient, taking into account the distinct nature of eachtreaty and treaty body. Specifically, the Chairpersons sawthe resolution as an instrument to enhance the protectionof human rights and to simplify the work of States parties

when drafting the reports, including through the newly

approved capacity-building programme. Increased visibility,

strengthened implementation of the treaties and enhancedcapacity of national protection systems were identified as

joint objectives.

States present at the meeting considered the adoption ofresolution 68/268 by the General Assembly a milestonesince it reinvigorated the treaty body system and placed iton the map. Expeditious implementation of its provisionswas considered essential to achieve strengthenedprotection on the ground. States also called for a reductionof the backlog, the harmonization of working methods, inparticular the generalization of the simplified reportingprocedure, the increased use of technology such asvideoconferencing and webcasting, and enhancedtechnical assistance to States parties.

While several States stressed the distinct responsibilities oftreaty bodies, States parties and OHCHR in theimplementation of the resolution on treaty bodystrengthening, they considered the implementation of theresolution a matter of priority. Some delegations inquiredabout ways in which the role of the Chairpersons of treaty

bodies could be strengthened.

States call for expeditious implementation by treaty bodies ofGA resolution on treaty body strengthening

Informal consultation of Treaty Body Chairpersons with States


In recent decades,huge strides have

been made in boosting

girls' attendance atschool and enablingthem to match theeducational achieve-ment of boys. Howev-er, disparities persist,

particularly in the moredisadvantaged regionsof the world. UNICEFestimates that in 2011

girls made up morethan half of the57 million children of

primary school age out of school.

On 7 July 2014, the Committee on the Elimination ofDiscrimination against Women (CEDAW) held a half-daydiscussion on the right of girls and women to education. Thediscussion, organized by OHCHR with the support from

UNICEF and UNESCO, was the first step toward drafting aGeneral Recommendation aimed at supporting efforts bygovernments to bridge the remaining gaps that prevent girlsfrom going to school and achieving the same career

outcomes as boys.

UN Human Rights Chief (at the time), Navi Pillay, speaking at

a gathering on girls right to education, welcomedimprovements made in providing in access to education, buthighlighted the shocking inequalities in a number of States

and regions.

Women are still under-employed, underpaid and otherwiseundermined in fields ranging from their personal autonomyto participation in politics, their unequal domestic burdens

and the far greater violence that they endure, Navi. Pillaysaid.

The continuing disparity between sexes shows how existingeducation systems have not addressed the strategic needs ofgirls and women. This issue will be a major focus ofCEDAW's General Recommendation on the right to

education, which is being drafted in accordance witharticle10 of the CEDAW Convention.

The expert speakers at the discussion considered the legalframeworks for girls' and women's right to education andrelevant jurisprudence; the gaps between legal and policy

measures; and strategies to enhance access to employment

and political participation through adequate education.

The CEDAW Committee intends to adopt its GeneralRecommendation on the right to education by December2016.

Women attending the classes at Abu

Shouk Internally Displaced Persons (IDP)

Camp's Women Center, in North Darfur,

Sudan UN Photo/Albert Gonzalez

Farran

General discussion by the Committee on the Elimination of

Discrimination Against Women on the right to education"Education unlocks the door to all other rights"


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The Committee on the Elimination of RacialDiscrimination (CERD), using information and

testimonies from multiple sources, activated its earlywarning and urgent action procedures at its 85 th sessionby adopting a decision in the context of the periodicreview of Iraq.

Specifically, the Committee requested the HumanRights Council to convene a special session on thehuman rights situation in Iraq to consider establishing acommission of inquiry to examine the causes of theconflict, the origins and actions of the Islamic State in

Iraq and the Levant and associated groups (ISIL), andthe forces and problems involved. The commission ofinquiry would present its findings and recommendationsto the Council, including ways to prosecute and punishthose responsible for crimes against humanity. TheCommittee also urged the UN Secretary-General torequest the Security Council to approve and deploy aUN peace force as a temporary emergency measure, inorder to create a safe zone in the plain of Niniveh.

Shortly after the CERD's decision, the Human RightsCouncil, on 1 September 2014, convened a specialsession on the human rights situation in Iraq andadopted a resolution which condemned, in the

strongest possible terms, the systematic violations and

abuses of human rights and violations of internationalhumanitarian law resulting from the terrorist actscommitted by ISIL. The Council urged all relevantparties to take action to protect civilians, in particularwomen and children, and to ensure respect for theirrights. The Council also requested the HighCommissioner for Human Rights to build the capacity ofthe Government of Iraq to protect and promote humanrights and to dispatch a mission to Iraq to investigatealleged violations and abuses of international humanrights law committed by ISIL, to establish the facts and

circumstances of such abuses and violations, with aview to avoiding impunity and ensuring fullaccountability and to report back to the Council at its28thsession on the implementation of the resolution.

CERD created early warning measures and urgentaction procedures in 1993. Early warning measuresseek to prevent problems from escalating into conflictand may include confidence-building steps tostrengthen and reinforce racial tolerance, particularly tostop the resumption of conflict where it has previouslyoccurred. Urgent action procedures allow theCommittee to respond to situations which requireimmediate attention in order to prevent or limit serious

violations of the Convention.

Calls on Human Rights Council to convene a special session onIraq's human rights situation

Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination uses early warningand urgent action procedure for Iraq


Migrant domestic workers: How to protect the least protected

Migrant domestic workers are among the mostunprotected in the labour force due to the

isolated nature of their work and their dependence ontheir employers, Pablo Ceriani from the Committee onMigrant Workers told a panel discussion on DecentWork for Migrant Domestic Workers held on 4September in Geneva. The event organized by OHCHRand the International Labour Organization (ILO) broughttogether national and international experts.

Domestic migrant workers were often excluded fromnational labour protection laws and overlooked bypublic services, said Ceriani, who called on all States toratify the Convention on Migrant Workers and theirFamilies (CMW) to enhance the protection of migrantworkers worldwide.

Michelle Leighton, Chief of Labour Migration Branch ofILO, said changing public perceptions and attitudes

towards migrant domestic workers was essential if theirlabour rights were to be improved. She also said theILO 189 Domestic Workers Convention was a relevant

instrument for assessing the minimum standards ofprotection for such workers, and was complementary tothe broader CMW framework.

Trade union and civil society representatives sharedgood practices that have helped to protect the rights ofmigrant domestic workers around the world. Oneexample was the adoption of a Code of Conduct forRecruitment Agencies for Domestic Workers inLebanon, initiated by ILO and OHCHRs field presencein Beirut.

More initiatives are planned by OHCHR and ILO toraise awareness about the need to better protect labourrights of migrant domestic workers. One that isexpected to galvanize international attention andsupport is the Global Action Programme on DomesticWorkers and their Families which will involverepresentatives from trade unions and workers,employers, civil society, academics and other

stakeholders.


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OHCHR -HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES DIVISIONOHCHR -HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES DIVISION Newsletter No. 24 / July -September 2014

Children's rights in the digital age

Over 170 people participate in the Committee on the Rights of the Child'sDiscussion Day on Digital media and childrens rights

On 12 September 2014, the Committee on theRights of the Child (CRC) held a Day of General

Discussion (DGD) on digital media and childrens rightsin Geneva to gain a deeper understanding of childrensuse of digital media and make more specificrecommendations to States parties to the Convention.Over 170 participants from governments, NGOs,academia, national human rights institutions, and UNagencies attended the discussion day. Children wereinvited to share their opinions and experiences viaTwitter and Facebook during the event.

Kirsten Sandberg, Chairperson of the CRC, said it was

precisely because information and communicationtechnologies (ICT) and social media were an increasingpart of children's lives that the Committee had chosenthis issue for discussion and reflection. Digital media

provide children with vast opportunities to learn,participate, play, work and socialise, she toldparticipants. At the same time we must acknowledgethat online interaction may expose children to newforms of harm that have to be tackled. The balancebetween empowerment and protection has to be found,she said.

Key issues identified during the discussion includeaccess to ICT for different groups of children, digitalliteracy, safety concerns, cooperation between variousactors, including the private sector, and data collection.The Committee plans to issue a report with concreterecommendations that will guide States parties toimprove children's equal and safe access to digitalmedia and ICT.

Celebrating 25th anniversary of the Convention on theRights of the Child via Google+ Hangouts

OHCHR held four Google+ Hangout sessions to mark the 25 thanniversaryof the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Children from 14 different

countries (Australia, Belgium, Dominican Republic, Gambia, Japan, Lebanon,Nepal, Peru, Philippines, Tanzania, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay and Yemen)participated in the dialogue, discussing children's rights in their countries withmembers of the Committee on the Rights of the Child.

During the sessions, viewers were prompted to take part in the conversationvia Twitter, Google+ and Facebook, by sending in their questions andcomments.

The Hangout sessions can be replayed by clicking on the following links:

Session 1 (in English): http://sm.ohchr.org/CRC25session1Session 2 (in Arabic): http://sm.ohchr.org/CRC25session2

Session 3 (in English): http://sm.ohchr.org/CRC25session3

Session 4 (in Spanish): http://sm.ohchr.org/CRC25session4

The four sessions combined registered 1,004 views. The first sessionattracted most viewers (442 views) and the fourth session had the highestaverage views duration (10 minutes). Most viewers (15%) were watching fromSwitzerland.
http://sm.ohchr.org/CRC25session1http://sm.ohchr.org/CRC25session2http://sm.ohchr.org/CRC25session2http://sm.ohchr.org/CRC25session3http://sm.ohchr.org/CRC25session3http://sm.ohchr.org/CRC25session4http://sm.ohchr.org/CRC25session4http://sm.ohchr.org/CRC25session4http://sm.ohchr.org/CRC25session3http://sm.ohchr.org/CRC25session2http://sm.ohchr.org/CRC25session1


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To date, the Convention against Torture has beenratified by 156 States. In March 2014, the

Governments of Chile, Denmark, Ghana, Indonesia andMorocco marked the Convention's 30th anniversary bylaunching a global initiative for the universal ratificationand implementation of the Convention against Torture(CAT): the Convention against Torture Initiative 2014 -2024 (CTI). The CTI aims to help States overcomeobstacles to ratifying and implementing the Conventionthrough technical support and State-to-State

cooperation. The Association for the Prevention ofTorture (APT) was designated to support the initiative.

The first CTI Annual Forum was held in September 2014in Switzerland and brought together high-level

representatives of 18 governments from different

regions, who discussed ways of overcoming barriers toratification.

We must reinvigorate our collective efforts to combattorture and ill-treatment and achieving universalratification of the Convention is an important step indoing so, said Flavia Pansieri, Deputy HighCommissioner for Human Rights, in her keynote speechto the Forum, which saw the participation of ClaudioGrossman, Chair of the Committee against Torture,Malcolm Evans, Chair of the Subcommittee onPrevention of Torture and Juan Mendez, SpecialRapporteur on Torture.

A provisional global survey of States' compliance withCAT obligations, undertaken by the APT and theInternational Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims(IRCT), was presented at the Forum to facilitatediscussions. The study provides an overview of theimplementation of CAT by States parties. It analysesnational reports to the Committee against Torture andthe concluding observations of the Committee based on13 indicators covering a range of obligations derivingfrom the Convention.

In closing, participants confirmed the value of the CTIand discussed strategies to move it forward. Following

the Forum, the five core group member countries of theInitiative briefed the Human Rights Council at its 27thsession. CTI plans to organize a high-level meeting inNew York during the 69th session of the UN GeneralAssembly.

Call for universal ratification of the Convention against Torture

First annual forum of the Convention against Torture Initiative 2014-2024

Government representatives and UN experts at the CTI Forum APT

You, in this room, are making a real difference to childrens lives.

Child Helpline International reviews 10 years of the Committee on the Rights of the Childrecommendations on Childrens Right to be Heard

C

oncluding observations

are not just words onpaper, they make a realdifference to people's lives.That was the messagebrought to Geneva byinternational NGO, Child

Helpline International (CHI), which reviewed 10 years ofCRC recommendations by the Committee on the Rightsof the Child. The CHI report, launched on 8September2014 in Palais Wilson, analyses the impact of the CRC 'srecommendations on the establishment andstrengthening of national child helplines in 129countries.

The report describes the correlation between referencesto a child helpline in the Concluding Observations andthe creation or improvement of helpline services forchildren, while acknowledging that other factors, such aspolitical and financial and technical resources, also play

a role. According to the report, if a child helpline wasmentioned in the CRC's Concluding Observations, ittook on average 2.5 years for services to be installed orscaled up. Without a reference in the ConcludingObservations, it took on average 3.4 years. Childhelplines are crucial access points for national childprotection services, such as intervention and rescue, sothis difference can have profound long-term effects onthe lives of children and young people.

CHI Executive Director Nenita La Rose presented thereport to CRC members, congratulating them on theeffect their work was having on the ground. You, in thisroom, are making a real change in childrens lives outthere, she said.

CHI has submitted 181 NGO reports to the CRC since2004, advocating for nation-wide helplines services forchildren.
http://www.childhelplineinternational.org/resources/reports/chi-and-the-committee-on-the-rights-of-the-childhttp://www.childhelplineinternational.org/resources/reports/chi-and-the-committee-on-the-rights-of-the-childhttp://www.childhelplineinternational.org/resources/reports/chi-and-the-committee-on-the-rights-of-the-child


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Committee on Enforced Disappearances Urgent Action Procedure

CED member Rainer Huhle, on why the procedure is an innovative and key tool forhelping victims and their families

What is the urgent action procedure of theCommittee on Enforced Disappearances (CED)

and how important is it?

The urgent action Procedure is one of the mostinnovative elements included by article 30 of theConvention on Enforced Disappearances, the mostrecent human rights treaty. Its aim, put simply, is to helpto locate a disappeared person; hence it has ahumanitarian purpose. It can be initiated by the family ofthe disappeared person or their legal representatives,their counsel or any person authorized by them, as wellas by any other person having a legitimate interest. Thereare no precedents of such procedure in other treatybodies.The only conditions for admission are that the disap -pearance occurred after the Convention came into forcein the State party, that sufficient information is providedfor the Committee to act upon, and that the case hasbeen presented to a competent body of the State Party,where such a possibility exists. This does not mean thatdomestic remedies must have been exhausted, but

simply that the authorities must have been informed ofthe referred disappearance.

What is the timeframe for the procedure?

As its name suggests, urgency is key. The Committeetherefore acts as quickly as possible. Usually, it sends aletter to the State party concerned within 24 hours afterhaving received the request. The Committee asks theState party to take immediate action to locate thedisappeared person.

The State partys reply is shared with the authors of theurgent action request, so that they can comment and givetheir view on the situation. The authors comments allowthe Committee to further analyse the situation and tomake recommendations to the State on the development

of the case, and on the situation of the persons involved.

To date, States parties have been very cooperative. Butwhen a State does not reply, the Committee can requesta meeting with the Permanent Representative of theState in Geneva. And if a State party does not cooperatewith the procedure, this is mentionned in theCommittees report to the General Assembly.

How many cases have been submitted to CED underthe urgent action procedure?

So far, the Committee has received 29 requests for

urgent action, 17 of which have been registered andactivated. In all these cases, the Committee is inpermanent contact with the State party concerned. Theothers were not admissible as they related to enforceddisappearances that occurred in States that are notparties to the Convention.

Article 30 of the Convention allows the Committee torequest the State party to take all the necessarymeasures, including interim measures, to locate andprotect the person concerned. How does it work andwhat kind of interim measures can the Committeerequest from the State party?

The Committee can request the State party to providethe protective and interim measures that are necessaryto locate and protect the person. This means thatmeasures are requested so that the disappeared personis located, but also that she or he is not subjected totorture or mistreatment for example.

Protective and interim measures can also be requestedto protect the complainant, witnesses, the family of thedisappeared person or their counsel, or any personparticipating in the investigation. Often, the family ofdisappeared persons receive threats and pressure that

discourage them from going on with their research andaction. The interim and protection measures arerequested by the Committee to protect them from suchacts, to enable the persons to continue with their actionto find out what has happened to the disappeared

Rainer Huhle, CED Member OHCHR/Danielle Kirby


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person. The protection depends on what the State partywill propose. But the Committee is here to ensure thatthese measures are indeed adopted, and it maintainspermanent contact with the State party to check on whathas been put in place to protect those in need, such aspolice protection, or relocation, etc. Such measures canalso concern a place, an object, a grave, or any otherelement which could be necessary to locate thedisappeared person. For example, there could be athreat that a grave or a place of detention shall beaffected, where the disappeared person could belocated. Interim measures could be requested by theCommittee to protect such places.

Since March this year, the Committee has adopted anew format for the submission of urgent actionrequests. Could you tell us about this?

The main purpose of the new format is to facilitate thesubmission of urgent action requests. It clarifies theconditions of admissibility of urgent action requests andlists the information the Committee needs to register andactivate the urgent action procedure.

The new format was designed taking into accountcomments, questions and the experience of thoseengaged in the procedure - whether States parties,victims or authors of urgent action requests. The formatmay need further modification in the future to evolve withchanging needs and circumstances.

I would like to add that the format is not compulsory: asimple written communication can be sufficient to submitan urgent action request, as long as it has all thenecessary information. The format is only a guidancetool. We must not forget that the aim of the procedure isto locate the disappeared person, and that theinformation provided as to her or his characteristics andas to the circumstances of the disappearance isimportant for the investigation and, we all hope, to locateher or him.

I want to highlight that the Committee manages theprocedure in a very transparent manner. The informationand answers provided to the Committee are shared withall parties, always in a way that makes it possible tokeep the identity of the author strictly confidential, unlessthe author prefers otherwise.

Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to expressthe Committees appreciation for civil societyorganizations around the world for their support andcollaboration, for providing information to us, andassisting the victims. The information they provide on theprocedure and on how to use it is fundamental for theprocedure to work. I also want to acknowledge the vitalrole of OHCHR staff both in the field and at headquartersfor the work of the Committee.


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At its 64th session in August 2014, the UNInternational Law Commission (ILC) adopted the

draft articles on the expulsion of aliens for the purposeof codification and the progressive development ofinternational law. The ILC has worked on the topic fornine years under the rapporteurship of Maurice Kamto.The ILC decided to recommend to the GeneralAssembly to: a) take note of the draft articles on theexpulsion of aliens in a resolution and to encouragetheir widest possible dissemination; b) to consider, at a

later stage, the elaboration of a Convention on the basisof the draft articles. The draft articles on the expulsionof aliens address the human rights of a person subjectto expulsion during the entire process. During thedrafting process, the ILC paid tribute to the work of theTreaty bodies. Indeed, the positions of the HumanRights Committee, the Committee against Torture andthe Committee for the Elimination of RacialDiscrimination are widely reflected, enhancing treatybodies interpretative authority and visibility.

To date, the UN International Law Commission hasworked on codification and the progressive

development of international law. Now, theCommission decided to approach the proceduraland substantial aspects of human rights protectionof foreigners being expelled. How did this projectcome about, what prompted the Commission toinclude it in its agenda, and why did you agree toserve as a Special Rapporteur on this matter?

Back in 1949, Sir Hersch Lauterpacht alreadymentioned the expulsion of foreigners and statelesspersons in his Study of International Law, expressingthe view that arbitration practice had sufficiently clarifiedthe law in this area.

Only in 1998, at its 50th session, did the InternationalLaw Commission consider The law related to theexpulsion of foreigners as a possible item on itsagenda, thereby following a suggestion by its PlanningCommittee.

At its 52ndsession (2000), the Commission included thesubject Law related to the expulsion of foreigners in itslong-term work program. The General Assembly, inresolution 55/152 (12 December 2000), took note of thisinclusion.

On 6 August 2004, at its 56 th session, the Commission

decided to include the topic Expulsion of foreigners inits ongoing work program and appointed me as SpecialRapporteur, a decision approved by the GeneralAssembly in resolution 59/41(2 December 2004).

I accepted the honor of this appointment withouthesitation. The expulsion of foreigners is not only a very

topical matter, but a major subject of international lawon the crossroads of traditional inter-State relations andthe more recent imperative of human rights protection.

As Special Rapporteur on this subject which is presentin jurisprudence as well as in doctrine at least since thelate XIXth century, I look forward to contributing to thedevelopment of international law.

What are the main provisions of the draft articles,and how do they relate to the protection of humanrights?

The 31 draft articles strike a delicate balance between

the rights of the State and the rights of the foreignerfacing expulsion. They balance the preservation ofState sovereignty with the human rights protection ofthe foreigner concerned, whether he or she is legally or

Interview with Professor Maurice Kamto,Member of the UN International Law Commission

The expulsion of foreigners is not only a very topical issue, but also a majortopic of international law, at the crossroads of inter-state relations

and human rights protection

OHCHR/Danielle Kirby


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illegally on the evicting States territory.

While the right to expel persons from the State isconfirmed, it is subjected to certain conditions ofsubstance and form, as well as to limitations arisingfrom the protection of the rights of foreigners facingexpulsion.

Taking into account the sensitivity of the subject,what are the main challenges you encountered inyour work, in legal terms and at a procedural level,and in particular in your engagement with Staterepresentatives in the 6th Commission of theGeneral Assembly?

In general, unlike some other issues that theCommission has addressed, there was no scarcity ofState practice, with the exception maybe of two or threeprovisions for which there was little practice.

In fact, there is abundant State practice on the matter.

For example, a large part of the case law used tolegislate State liability for internationally wrongful actsrelated to cases of expulsion of foreigners for whichthere is abundant jurisprudence and a resolution of theInternational Law Institute since the late XIXth century.

The difficulty was mostly to analyze this vast quantity ofmaterial and an abundant doctrine, and to extract acoherent practice and trends from it.

Most striking was the reluctance of some States in the6th Commission of the General Assembly to thelegislation and progressive development of internationallaw on this matter. However, this reluctance evaporated

once States saw the totality of the draft articles adoptedby the Commission in its first reading.

In any case, we further refined the draft articles to takeinto account States observations and suggestions onthe text adopted at its first reading. While it is hard tosatisfy each State individually, we tried hard to addresstheir concerns within the limitations of what istechnically possible under existing international law allof this because we believe that the Commission is thereto serve States.

Human rights treaty bodies, in particular the HumanRights Committee and the Committee againstTorture, have produced ample material on thesubject, both through statements and generalcomments, which you cited in the draft articles.What do you believe will be the impact of thismaterial? Do you see it as a recognition of the workof the human rights treaty bodies and theirauthority when it comes to the interpretation andimplementation of the treaties they monitor?

It seemed natural for me to refer to the treaty bodiesjurisprudence and I did not consider how this wouldimpact the draft articles, since that question did notarise within the Commission. Treaty bodies are

established by States Parties with a mandate tointerpret the respective treaties. It seems to me that theinterpretation of treaty provisions by treaty bodies canbe considered an authentic interpretation, because in a

way States parties express themselves through thetreaty bodies.

Therefore, it makes sense to pay careful attention towhat treaty bodies are saying on this subject.Incidentally, I believe that our references to thisjurisprudence may contribute to strengthening the

authority of treaty body jurisprudence. Conversely, theinclusion of these references may facilitate theacceptance of our work by State parties.

Ultimately, I also see in our effort a way for theCommission to contribute to the overall strengthening ofthe UNs international human rights law system.

Which provisions are legislative in nature andwhich concern the progressive development ofinternational law?

Under its mandate, the Commissions mission is tocodify and to progressively develop international law.

Sometimes, the customary nature of certain rules is soestablished that there can be no doubt in saying thatthey fall in the category of codification. But thedistinction between codification and progressivedevelopment is not always so clear-cut. Therefore, theCommission only rarely indicates which provisionsqualify as codification and which ones qualify asprogressive development of international law as bothaspects fall within its mandate. We have strived toidentify the rules which in our view would constitute theapplicable law to foreigners expulsion underinternational law today.

What will happen after the final adoption of the draftarticles by the Commission and their referral to theGeneral Assembly? Should we expect a newconvention?

By adopting the draft articles and their commentary onthe expulsion of foreigners at its second reading, theCommission has fulfilled its mission. The Commissioncan be proud of its outstanding contribution to one ofthe important aspects of contemporary internationallaw, especially as it concretely affects peoples lives ina world where international migration is becoming amassive phenomenon that is likely to last. From there, itis up to States to play their role in the General

Assembly. The ultimate decision is theirs only.

The original interview in French can be read onpage 14.

Maurice Kamto is a professor of international

law from Cameroon. He is the former Chair and

member of the UN International Law

Commission. He is also a member of the Institut

de droit international. Maurice Kamto has been

designated as Counsel for States in international

litigation, in particular before the International

Court of Justice. He has published widely on

international law.


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Treaty Body training to assist the Government of Malifulfil its reporting obligations

Mali has ratified all nine core international human

rights treaties and two optional protocols with areporting procedure. As at 15 September 2014, Mali had10 overdue reports to the treaty bodies, including 6initial reports and 4 periodic reports

Improving Malis preparation and submission of reportsto the Treaty Bodies was therefore the focus of aworkshop in Bamako in August jointly run by the HumanRights Division of MINUSMA (HRD-MINUSMA) and theHuman Rights Treaties Division of OHCHR.

The training, organised at the request of theGovernment of Mali, was attended by members of the

countrys Inter-ministerial Committee for treaty body re-porting (Comit interministriel dappui llaborationdes rapports initiaux et priodiques de mise en uvredes conventions ratifies par le Mali (CIMERAP)). Civil

society representatives also participated and there wereobservers from local donors and the UN Country Team.

This workshop is a proof of the determination of theMalian government to fulfil its international obligations,said Malick Coulibaly, the Minister of Justice, at theopening of the workshop.

CESCR member Virginia Bras Gomes facilitated theworkshop from 4 to 6 August together with OHCHRstaff to help CIMERAP to prepare and submit longoverdue reports. The event was a useful forum for civilservants and other participants to discuss thechallenges in relation to treaty body reporting. Tools andmethodologies were presented to strengthen the inter-

ministerial committee and to prepare reports.

At the end of the workshop, participants adopted anaction plan with recommendations for the Government.They called on the Government to prioritize treaty bodyreporting as a means to improve the human rightssituation in Mali and requested additional resources forthe Inter-Ministerial Committee. It was also recom-mended that a National Human Rights Commission beestablished in conformity with the Paris Principles.MINUSMA was asked to continue to support the actionplan and monitor its implementation.

Link to Youtube videohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2mG2z9OtSA

Gender and statistics: Pacific region civil servants learn importance ofgender perspective in statistics for reporting to treaty bodies

How to integrate a gender perspective into statisticalanalysis and human rights reporting was the focus

of a regional workshop in Fiji in August organized by theSecretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) in

cooperation with the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat(PIFS), the Asia Development Bank (ADB) and theUnited Nations Statistics Division (UNSD).

Some 70 officials took part, the majority from NationalStatistics Offices (NSO) and Ministries in charge oftreaty body reporting and promoting gender equality inthe region. Participants learned how to integrate agender perspective into national statistical systems. Theimportance of collecting gender-specific data to fosterthe development of policies and programs to advancegender equality and facilitate reporting by States in theregion to the UN human rights treaty bodies was also

stressed.

Participants said the main challenges they faced werethe lack of coordination and communication betweenMinistries and national statistics offices, and limited

access to data (particularly on-line). They called for theirnational statistics systems to be strengthened.Participants also stressed the need to improve publicofficials' knowledge of the UN treaty body system.

Given the high turnover of officials in charge of treatybody reporting, it had proved challenging to buildinstitutional knowledge and experience. Participantsurged governments to set up national reporting andcoordination mechanisms to ensure that accumulatedexpertise was preserved and continuity was ensured.

You can learn more about these topics in the followingpublications:

UN Gender StatisticsManual: Integrating aGender Perspective intoStatistics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2mG2z9OtSAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2mG2z9OtSAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2mG2z9OtSAhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/genderstatmanual/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/genderstatmanual/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/genderstatmanual/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/genderstatmanual/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/genderstatmanual/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/genderstatmanual/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/genderstatmanual/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/genderstatmanual/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/genderstatmanual/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2mG2z9OtSA


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Myanmar considers ratifying ICESCR, CAT and OPAC

To date, Myanmarhas ratified three

out of nine core

international humanrights treaties: theConvention on theElimination of AllForms ofDiscrimination againstWomen (CEDAW), the

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities(CRPD), and the Convention on the Rights of the Child(CRC) and its Optional Protocol on the sale of children,child prostitution and child pornography (OPSC).

In July 2014, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Myanmar,in collaboration with OHCHRs Regional Office forSouth-East Asia, organized a workshop in the capital,Nay Pyi Taw, to explore the ratification of theInternational Covenant on Economic, Social andCultural Rights (ICESCR), the Convention againstTorture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or DegradingTreatment or Punishment (CAT) and the OptionalProtocol to the CRC on the involvement of children inarmed conflict (OPAC).

The workshop was opened by the Deputy Minister ofForeign Affairs and brought together representatives ofall relevant ministries, the Attorney Generals Office andthe Presidential legal and political advisers as well asparliamentarians and the Myanmar National HumanRights Commission (MNHRC). Representatives of UNagencies and NGOs, including Amnesty Internationaland Child Soldiers International also attended theworkshop. Virginia Dandan, a former Chair of theCommittee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights(CESCR) participated as a resource person and guidedthe discussions throughout the workshop.

Participants looked at concrete steps necessary prior toratifying the treaties, such as the review of domesticlegislation, policies and programmes. They alsoconsidered the implementation of the treaties and

monitoring of progress, as well as reporting obligationsand complaints procedures. During the discussion,participants acknowledged that the workshop wasinstrumental to advance technical cooperation betweenthe Government and OHCHR. They stressed the needfor further technical assistance to get the treaties ratifiedand implemented.

The Subcommittee onPrevention of Torture

(SPT) urged theGovernment of Nicaraguato take steps to improveconditions of detention inthe country at the end of itsfirst regular visit to thecountry in May 2014.

The situation of personsdeprived of their liberty inNicaragua is extremely

worrying, said EnriqueFont, who headed the fourstrong SPT delegation.We trust that our findings

and recommendations will be used by the Government ofNicaragua to eliminate any form of ill-treatment in places ofdeprivation of liberty and to improve conditions ofdetention.

During their visit, the SPT members visited places ofdeprivation of liberty, including police stations, prisons,juvenile detention facilities and migrant detention centres.They also interviewed prison and police staff as well as

persons deprived of their liberty and their families, in aprivate and confidential manner.

The SPT conducted its visits together with representativesof Nicaraguas national human rights institution,Procuradura para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos

(PDDH), which is the designated national preventivemechanism for the prevention of torture.

"The Procuraduria para la Defensa de los DerechosHumanos should play an active role in the prevention oftorture and ill-treatment of persons deprived of their libertythrough periodic visits to places where people aredetained, followed by recommendations to the authoritiesthat must be monitored, said Mr Font. It is also importantthat the PDDH monitors that no reprisals are taken againstpersons deprived of their liberty after their interviews withus.

At the end of the visit the delegation members metPresident Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua. They briefed thePresident and stressed how important it was for theNicaraguan authorities to make the SPTs report of its visitpublic.

In accordance with the Optional Protocol to theConvention against Torture (OPCAT), the SPT will send aconfidential final report to the Government of Nicaragua.The State party can request the publication of the report,which promotes transparency and will allow the Stateparty to request financial resources to fulfil therecommendations made by the SPT, by accessing the

Special Fund created for this purpose.

Nicaragua ratified the OPCAT in 2009 and designated theProcuradura para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos(PDDH) as a national preventive mechanism (NPM) inJanuary 2012.

SPT delegation withOmbudsperson, Omar Cabezasduring NPM capacity-building

sessions (from the left: HansPetersen, Enrique Font, JudithSalgado and Emilio Gines) OHCHR

Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture visits Nicaragua


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Lors de sa 64me session, en aot 2014, laCommission du droit international de lONU (CDI) a

adopt le projet darticles sur l'expulsion destrangers aux fins de la codification et ledveloppement progressif du droit international. La CDIa travaill sur le sujet pendant neuf ans sous lgide deson rapporteur Maurice Kamto. La CDI a dcid derecommander l'Assemble gnrale: a) de prendrenote du projet d'articles sur l'expulsion des trangers

dans une rsolution et dencourager la diffusion la pluslarge possible; b) d'examiner, un stade ultrieur,llaboration d'une convention sur la base du projetd'articles. Les projets d'articles sur lexpulsion destrangers portent sur les droits fondamentaux dunepersonne faisant l'objet dune expulsion durant tout leprocessus. Au cours du processus de rdaction, la CDIa rendu hommage au travail des organes de traits. Eneffet, les positions du Comit des droits de lhomme, duComit contre la torture et du Comit pour lliminationde la discrimination raciale sont largement refltes,renforant lautorit interprtative et la visibilit desorganes de traits.

La Commission du droit international de lONU ajusque-l travaill sur la codification et ledveloppement progressif du droit internationalgnral. L, avec le sujet sur lexpulsion destrangers, la Commission a dcid de toucher laprotection des droits de lhomme en substance eten procdure de la personne expulse. Pouvez-vousnous parler de la gense de ce projet, ce qui adcid la Commission linscrire son agenda etpourquoiavez-vous accept den tre le Rapporteurspcial?

Cest en 1949 dj que Sir Hersch Lauterpachtmentionna dans son Etude du droit international en vuede sa codification le droit relatif lexpulsion destrangers et des apatrides, estimant que la pratiquearbitrale avait suffisamment clairci le droit en lamatire pour quune telle tentative soit possible.

Il a fallu attendre 1998 pour qu sa 50e session, laCommission du droit international prenne note durapport du Groupe de planification identifiant, entreautres, le sujet Droit relatif lexpulsion destrangers comme pouvant figurer au programme detravail long terme de la Commission.

sa 52e

session, en 2000, la Commission a inscrit lesujet intitul Le droit relatif lexpulsion destrangers son programme de travail long terme.LAssemble gnrale a pris note de cette inscription

dans sa rsolution 55/152 du 12 dcembre 2000. sa56e session, la Commission a dcid, le 6 aot 2004,dinscrire le sujet Expulsion des trangers sonprogramme de travail en cours, et ma nommRapporteur spcial pour ce sujet. LAssemblegnrale a approuv cette dcision de la Commissiondans sa rsolution 59/41 du 2 dcembre 2004.

Jai ressenti cette dsignation comme un grand honneur,ce dautant plus que je fus propos cette fonction en

mon absence. Je lai donc accepte sans hsitation.Lexpulsion des trangers est non seulement unequestion trs actuelle, mais encore un des grands sujetsdu droit international classique, mlant les questions desrapports intertatiques et la problmatique pluscontemporaine de la protection des droits de la personnehumaine. Il ma sembl quen exerant les fonctions deRapporteur spcial sur ce sujet qui est prsent dans lajurisprudence et doctrine au moins depuis la f in du XIX

e

sicle, il y avait l une belle occasion dapporter unecontribution significative au dveloppement du droitinternational.

Quelles sont les dispositions principales de ceprojet d'articles ? Quelle incidence dans laprotection des droits de l'homme?

Le projet darticles qui compte 31 articles au totalrepose sur un quilibre patiemment construit entre lesdroits de ltat et ceux de ltranger objet dexpulsion,entre la ncessaire prservation de la souverainet deltat expulsant et limpratif de la protection des droitsde la personne humaine de ltranger concern, quil setrouve lgalement ou illgalement sur le territoire deltat expulsant.

Cest ainsi qualors que le droit dexpulser de ltat est

expressment affirm, il est tout aussi clairementindiqu que lexercice de ce droit est soumis certaines conditions de fond et de procdure ainsi qudes limites quimposent la protection des droits destrangers objet dexpulsion.

Le sujet tant sensible, quelles sont les principalesdifficults que vous avez rencontres lors de votretravail de rdaction, dabord sur le plan juridique etsur le plan processuel, en particulier de la part destats la 6eCommission?

Contrairement certains sujets que la Commission a eu traiter, de manire gnrale on na pas t confront

la raret de la pratique des tats, lexception prs dedeux ou trois dispositions pour lesquelles cette pratiquentait pas abondante. Dans certains cas mme ctaitplutt labondance. Je rappelle quune bonne partie de

Interview de Maurice Kamto,Membre de la Commission du droit international de lONU

Lexpulsion des trangers est non seulement une question trs actuelle,mais encore un des grands sujets du droit international, lintersection des

questions intertatiques et des droits de lhomme.



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la jurisprudence qui a servi la codification du droit dela responsabilit de ltat pour fait internationalementillicite tait relative des affaires dexpulsion destrangers pour lesquelles il existe une abondantejurisprudence arbitrale et une rsolution de lInstitut dedroit international depuis la fin du XIXe sicle. Ladifficult consistait plus souvent analyser cette masse

importante de matriau laquelle il faut ajouter unedoctrine foisonnante pour en extraire une pratiqueconcordante ou des tendances affirmes.

Le plus tonnant a t les rticences de certains tatsau sein de la VIeCommission de lAssemble gnrale lgard de la codification et du dveloppementprogressif du droit international en cette matire. Mais jecrois que ces rticences se sont considrablementestompes depuis que les tats ont eu entre les mainsla totalit du projet darticles adopts par la CDI enpremire lecture. En tout tat de cause, nous avonsencore poli le projet darticles en seconde lecture en

tenant compte pratiquement de toutes les observationset suggestions faites par les tats sur le texte adopt enpremire lecture. Il est difficile de donner entirementsatisfaction chaque tat pris individuellement, maisnous avons vraiment fait notre mieux pour faire droit leurs proccupations dans les limites de ce qui esttechniquement possible au regard du droit internationalen vigueur; car nous estimons que la CDI est au servicedes tats et quelle ne travaille par pour elle-mme.

Les organes des traits des droits de lhomme ontproduit une riche jurisprudence sur le sujet tant autravers des constations du Comit des droits de

lhomme que du Comit contre la torture, que lesObservations gnrales ("General Comments").Vous y avez fait rfrence de manire abondantedans votre projet d'articles. Quel en sera l'impact depart et d'autre ? Est-ce une plus grandereconnaissance du travail men par les organesdes traits et lautorit de ces organes quant l'interprtation et lapplication des conventionsdont ils assurent le contrle?

Il ma paru naturel de faire rfrence la jurisprudence des organes des traits sansdailleurs chercher savoir si cela aura un impact dansun sens ou dans un autre. La question ne sest pose aucun moment au sein de la Commission. Les organesdes traits sont institus par les tats parties aux traitsconcerns et sont dots de comptencesinterprtatives. Linterprtation quils peuvent faire cetgard me semble assez proche de ce que lon appelleune interprtation authentique, car dune certainemanire travers ces organes ce sont les tats partiesaux traits qui se prononcent. Il me parat ds lorsassez logique dtre attentif ce quils disent ce sujet.Au demeurant, je crois que notre rfrence cettejurisprudence pourra contribuer renforcer lautoritde celle-ci et, linverse pourra contribuer faciliterlacceptation du rsultat de nos travaux par les tatsparties. Jy vois aussi, en dfinitive, une manire pourla CDI dapporter une contribution au systme globalonusien de renforcement du droit international desdroits de lhomme.

Quelles sont les dispositions qui relvent de lacodification et celle qui relvent du dveloppementprogressif?

Aux termes de son Statut, la CDI a pour mission ledveloppement progressif et la codification du droitinternational. Il arrive que la nature coutumire de

certaines rgles soit ce point tablie que lon ne courtaucun risque de se tromper en disant quelles relventde la codification. Mais il nen est pas toujours ainsi, etla distinction entre le dveloppement progressif et lacodification nest pas toujours aussi nette dans tous lescas. Cest pourquoi il est trs rare que la Commissionindique quelles dispositions relvent de tel ou tel autreaspect, les deux aspects entrant dans son mandat.Nous nous sommes efforcs de dgager les rgles qui, notre avis, constitueraient le droit applicable lexpulsion des trangers en droit internationalaujourdhui.

Quelle sera la suite donne ce projet d'articlesaprs son adoption finale par la Commission et sonrenvoi l'Assemble gnrale? Pourrions-nousnous attendre une Convention?

En adoptant en seconde lecture le projet darticles surlexpulsion des trangers et son commentaire, laCommission sest acquitte de sa mission sur ce sujet.Elle peut lgitimement tre fire davoir, ce faisant,apport une contribution remarquable un des aspectsimportants du droit international contemporain, dautantplus important quil touche concrtement la vie desgens dans un monde o les migrations internationalesdeviennent un phnomne massif et durable. Il revient

dsormais aux tats de jouer leur rle eux, au sein delAssemble gnrale. La dcision ultime leurappartient souverainement.

Maurice Kamto est professeur de droitinternational du Cameroun. Il est lancien

prsident et membre de la Commission du droitinternational de lONU. Il est galement membrede lInstitut de droit international. MauriceKamto a t dsign comme avocat pour lestats dans le contentieux international, en

particulier devant la Cour internationale deJustice. Il a publi de nombreux articles sur ledroit international.


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PUBLICATIONS

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: Training Guide -Professional Training Series No. 19 (HR/P/PT/19, 153 pp).Following the entry into force of the Convention and its Optional Protocol, OHCHR has developed thisTraining Guide to help national stakeholders to implement these two instruments. The Training Guideprovides basic information on a rights-based approach to disability, on the fundamental elements of theConvention and its Optional Protocol, and on the processes underlying their ratification, implementationand monitoring. The Training Guideis available inEnglishonly. Translations in the other UN official la

Practical guides for civil society

How to follow up on UN Human Rights Recommendationsin Arabic, English, French,

Russian and Spanish http://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/CivilSociety.aspx

United Nations Human Rights Councilin Arabic, English, French, Russian and Spanish.http://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/CivilSociety.aspx

Selected Decisions of the Committee against Torture (HR/CAT/PUB/1)is now available in Spanish,as well as inEnglish.

Individual Complaint Procedures under the United Nations Human Rights Treaties(Fact Sheet 7 Rev.2)isnow available in the 6 official UN languages.
http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/CRPD_TrainingGuide_PTS19_EN%20Accessible.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/CRPD_TrainingGuide_PTS19_EN%20Accessible.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/CivilSociety.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/CivilSociety.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/CivilSociety.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/CivilSociety.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/SDecisionsCATVolIsp.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/SDecisionsCATVolIsp.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/SDecisionsCATVolIen.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/SDecisionsCATVolIen.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/PublicationsResources/Pages/FactSheets.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/PublicationsResources/Pages/FactSheets.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/FactSheet7Rev.2.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/SDecisionsCATVolIsp.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/PracticalGuideNGO_en.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/AboutUs/CivilSociety/HowtoFollowUNHRRecommendations.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/CRPD_TrainingGuide_PTS19_EN%20Accessible.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/PublicationsResources/Pages/FactSheets.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/SDecisionsCATVolIen.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/SDecisionsCATVolIsp.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/CivilSociety.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/CivilSociety.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/CRPD_TrainingGuide_PTS19_EN%20Accessible.pdf


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LATEST TREATY SIGNATURES, RATIFICATIONS AND ACCESSIONS

July -September 2014

OP-ICESCR Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social andCultural Rights

Ratification by Costa Rica (23 September 2014)

OP-CEDAW Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms ofDiscrimination against Women

Ratification by Tajikistan (22 July 2014)

CAT Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatmentor Punishment

Accession by Eritrea (25 September 2014)

OP-CAT Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman orDegrading Treatment or Punishment

Accession by Mozambique (01 July 2014)

OPSC-CRC Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale ofchildren, child prostitution and child pornography

Signature by Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (09 September 2014) Ratification by Haiti (09 September 2014)

OPAC-CRC Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on theinvolvement of children in armed conflict

Ratification by Guinea Bissau (24 September 2014)

OPIC-CRC

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights to the Child on acommunications procedure

Ratification by Andorra (25 September 2014) Signature and Ratification by Ireland (24 September 2014) Accession by Monaco(24 September 2014)

CMW International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workersand Members of their Families

Signature by Madagascar(24 September 2014)

CRPD Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Ratification by Congo(02 September 2014) Ratification by Grenada(27 August 2014) Ratification by Guyana(10 September 2014) Ratification by Guinea Bissau (24 September 2014) Signature by Samoa (24 September 2014)

OP-CRPD Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Ratification by Congo(02 September 2014) Accession by Denmark (not in Greenland) (23 September 2014) Ratification by Gabon (01/07/2014)

CED International Convention for the Protection of all Persons from Enforced

Disappearance Ratification by Togo(21 July 2014) Signature by Angola(24 September 2014)

Newsletter No 18 / Oct. -Nov. -Dec. 2012OHCHR -HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES DIVISIONOHCHR -HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES DIVISION Newsletter No. 24 / July -September 2014
http://treaties.un.org/Pages/Treaties.aspx?id=4&subid=A&lang=enhttp://treaties.un.org/Pages/Treaties.aspx?id=4&subid=A&lang=enhttp://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-3-a&chapter=4&lang=enhttp://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-3-a&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-8-b&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-8&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-8&chapter=4&lang=enhttp://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-9&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-9-b&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-9-b&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-c&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-c&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-b&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-b&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-b&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-b&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-d&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-d&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-d&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-d&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-d&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-d&chapter=4&lang=enhttp://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15&chapter=4&lang=enhttp://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15-a&chapter=4&lang=enhttp://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15-a&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-16&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-16&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-16&chapter=4&lang=enhttp://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15-a&chapter=4&lang=enhttp://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-d&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-d&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-b&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11-c&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-9-b&chapter=4&lang=enhttp://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-9&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-8&chapter=4&lang=enhttps://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-8-b&chapter=4&lang=enhttp://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-3-a&chapter=4&lang=enhttp://treaties.un.org/Pages/Treaties.aspx?id=4&subid=A&lang=en


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Newsletter No 18 / Oct. -Nov. -Dec. 2012OHCHR -HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES DIVISION

To find out which countries have ratified the international human rights treaties:http://indicators.ohchr.org/

For information on the status of ratification and signature by States of UN human rightstreaties, as well as reservations and declarations:http://treaties.un.org/Pages/Treaties.aspx?id=4&subid=A&lang=en

An overview of the ratification status is also available at:http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/Treaty.aspx

Status of ratification of international human rights instruments

(As of 30 September 2014)

http://indicators.ohchr.org/http://indicators.ohchr.org/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/Treaties.aspx?id=4&subid=A&lang=enhttp://treaties.un.org/Pages/Treaties.aspx?id=4&subid=A&lang=enhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/Treaty.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/Treaty.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/Treaty.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/Treaty.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/Treaty.aspxhttp://indicators.ohchr.org/http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/Treaty.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/Treaty.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/Treaty.aspxhttp://treaties.un.org/Pages/Treaties.aspx?id=4&subid=A&lang=enhttp://indicators.ohchr.org/


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OHCHR -HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES DIVISION Newsletter No 19 / Jan. -Feb. -March 2013

Ghana

CCPR Initial report CCPR/C/GHA/1(10/09/2014)

CMW Initial report CMW/C/GHA/1 (31/08/2014)

Malawi CEDAW 7thperiodic report CEDAW/C/MWI/7(04/07/2014)

Rwanda

CCPR 4thperiodic report CCPR/C/RWA/4(11/07/2014)

CERD 18th-20thperiodic report CERD/C/RWA/18-20(11/07/2014)

Seychelles CRPD Initial report CRPD/C/SYC/1(19/09/2014)

AFRICA

Japan CEDAW 7th8thperiodic report CEDAW/C/JPN/7-8(05/09/2014)

Nepal CRPD Initial report CRPD/C/NPL/1(29/08/2014)

KINDLY NOTE THAT ANY DOCUMENT AND/OR CORRESPONDENCE FOR OHCHR

SHOULD BE SENT [email protected]

LATEST STATE PARTY REPORTS RECEIVED

JULY -SEPTEMBER 2014

ASIA AND THE PACIFIC


Jordan CAT 3rdperiodic report CAT/C/JOR/3(03/07/2014)

Tunisia CED Initial report CED/C/TUN/1 (25/09/2014)

United Arab Emirates CEDAW

2nd-3rdperiodic report CEDAW/C/ARE/2-3(11/07/2014)

NORTH AFRICA

AND MIDDLE EAST
http://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/AfricaRegion/Pages/GHIndex.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/AfricaRegion/Pages/GHIndex.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CCPRhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CMWhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/AfricaRegion/Pages/MWIndex.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CEDAWhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CEDAW%2fC%2fPRT%2f8-9&Lang=enhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CEDAW%2fC%2fPRT%2f8-9&Lang=enhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/AfricaRegion/Pages/RWIndex.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CCPRhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CCPR%2fC%2fRWA%2f4&Lang=enhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CCPR%2fC%2fRWA%2f4&Lang=enhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CERDhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CERD%2fC%2fRWA%2f18-20&Lang=enhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CERD%2fC%2fRWA%2f18-20&Lang=enhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/AfricaRegion/Pages/SCIndex.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CRPDhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CRPDhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRPD%2fC%2fSYC%2f1&Lang=enhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRPD%2fC%2fSYC%2f1&Lang=enhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/AfricaRegion/Pages/AfricaRegionIndex.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/AfricaRegion/Pages/AfricaRegionIndex.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/AsiaRegion/Pages/JPIndex.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CEDAWhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CEDAW%2fC%2fJPN%2f7-8&Lang=enhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CEDAW%2fC%2fJPN%2f7-8&Lang=enhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/AsiaRegion/Pages/NPIndex.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CRPDhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CRPDhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRPD%2fC%2fNPL%2f1&Lang=enhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRPD%2fC%2fNPL%2f1&Lang=enmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/AsiaRegion/Pages/AsiaRegionIndex.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/AsiaRegion/Pages/AsiaRegionIndex.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/MENARegion/Pages/JOIndex.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CAThttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CAThttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CAT%2fC%2fJOR%2f3&Lang=enhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CAT%2fC%2fJOR%2f3&Lang=enhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/MENARegion/Pages/TNIndex.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CEDhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/MENARegion/Pages/AEIndex.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CEDAWhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CEDAWhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CEDAW%2fC%2fARE%2f2-3&Lang=enhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CEDAW%2fC%2fARE%2f2-3&Lang=enhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/MenaRegion/Pages/MenaRegionIndex.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/MenaRegion/Pages/MenaRegionIndex.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/MenaRegion/Pages/MenaRegionIndex.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/MenaRegion/Pages/MenaRegionIndex.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/MenaRegion/Pages/MenaRegionIndex.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CEDAW%2fC%2fARE%2f2-3&Lang=enhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CEDAWhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/MENARegion/Pages/AEIndex.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CEDhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/MENARegion/Pages/TNIndex.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CAT%2fC%2fJOR%2f3&Lang=enhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CAThttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/MENARegion/Pages/JOIndex.aspxhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/AsiaRegion/Pages/AsiaRegionIndex.aspxmailto:[email 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KINDLY NOTE THAT ANY DOCUMENT AND/OR CORRESPONDENCE FOR OHCHR

SHOULD BE SENT [email protected]

LATEST STATE PARTY REPORTS RECEIVED

JULY -SEPTEMBER 2014

OHCHR -HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES DIVISION Newsletter No 19 / Jan. -Feb. -March 2013OHCHR -HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES DIVISION Newsletter No. 24 / July -September 2014

Austria CAT 6thperiodic report CAT/C/AUT/6(17/07/2014)

Bulgaria CRPD

Initial report CRPD/C/BGR/1(23/07/2014)

Denmark CAT 6th-7th periodic report CAT/C/DNK/6-7(29/09/2014)

Georgia CERD 6th-8thperiodic report CERD/C/GEO/6-8(03/07/2014)

Iceland CEDAW 7th8thperiodic report CEDAW/C/ISE/7-8(31/07/2014)

Liechtenstein CAT 4th periodic report CAT/C/LIE/4 (30/09/2014)

PolandCommonCoreDocument

HRI/CORE/POL/2014(19/09/2014)

PortugalCommonCoreDocument

HRI/CORE/PRT/2014 (27/08/2014)

Russian Federation

CRPD Initial report CRPD/C/RUS/1(09/09/2014)

CEDAW 8thperiodic report CEDAW/C/RUS/8(04/08/2014)

CRPD Initial report CRPD/C/SVN/1(05/08/2014)Slovenia

CCPR 3rdperiodic report CCPR/C/SVN/3 (17/07/2014)

Spain CERD 21st-23rd periodic report CERD/C/ESP/21-23

(05/08/2014)

Turkey CAT 5th periodic report CAT/C/TUR/5(29/09/2014)

EUROPE, NORTH AMERICA

AND CENTRAL ASIA

LATIN AMERICA

AND THE CARIBBEAN

Antigua and BarbudaCRC 2nd-4thperiodic report CRC/C/ATG/2-4

(10/07/2014)

Cuba CRPD

Initial report CRPD/C/CUB/1(19/09/2014)

SurinameCommonCoreDocument

HRI/CORE/SUR/2014(05/09/2014)
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/ENACARegion/Pages/ATIndex.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CAThttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CAThttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CAT%2fC%2fAUT%2f6&Lang=enhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CAT%2fC%2fAUT%2f6&Lang=enhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/ENACARegion/Pages/BGIndex.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CRPDhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CRPDhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRPD%2fC%2fBGR%2f1&Lang=enhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRPD%2fC%2fBGR%2f1&Lang=enhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/ENACARegion/Pages/DKIndex.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CAThttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CAThttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CAT%2fC%2fDNK%2f6-7&Lang=enhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CAT%2fC%2fDNK%2f6-7&Lang=enhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/ENACARegion/Pages/GEIndex.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CERDhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CERD%2fC%2fGEO%2f6-8&Lang=enhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CERD%2fC%2fGEO%2f6-8&Lang=enhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/ENACARegion/Pages/ISIndex.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CEDAWhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CEDAW%2fC%2fICE%2f7-8&Lang=enhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CEDAW%2fC%2fICE%2f7-8&Lang=enhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/ENACARegion/Pages/LIIndex.aspxhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CAThttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/SessionsList.aspx?Treaty=CAThttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=HRI%2fCORE%2fBGR%2f2014&Lang=enhttp://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=HRI%2fCORE%2fBGR%2f2014&Lang=enhttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/c