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Notes on Contributors

Sariel Birnbaum: PhD candidate in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.Published “Historical Writing of Sayyid Al-Qimni” in Qeshet Hakhadasha(Hebrew).

Hanita Brand: Lecturer of Arabic and Hebrew literatures at the AcademicCollege of Tel Aviv-Yaffo. Coauthor of Adwaa Daniya: A Guide for HighSchool Teachers of Arabic (Tel Aviv: Massada, 2002, in Arabic). Publishednumerous articles on Palestinian and Israeli women’s literature and onthe construction of Palestinian national narrative.

Mahmud Ghanayim: Professor and Chair, Department of Arabic andIslamic Studies, Tel Aviv University. Author of A Magic Journey. PalestinianFiction in Israel: Between Literature and Politics (Wiesbaden, Germany,2008); On the Structure of the Text: Study on Emil Habibi’s Novel, “TheStrange Story of the Disappearance of Sa`is Abi al-Najs the Pessoptimist”(Jatt, Israel, 1987, in Arabic); Stream of Consciousness in Modern ArabicNovel: A Stylistic Study (Beirut, 1992, in Arabic); Arduous Orbiting: TheCourse of Palestinian Fiction in Israel (Haifa, 1995, in Arabic); in additionto numerous articles in scholarly journals.

Meir Litvak: Associate Professor at the Department of Middle Eastern andAfrican History, Senior Fellow the Dayan Center for Middle EasternIranian Studies at Tel Aviv University. Author of Shi`i Scholars ofNineteenth Century Iraq: The `Ulama’ of Najaf and Karbala’ (Cambridge,1998); coauthor of From Empathy to Denial: Arab Responses to theHolocaust (London and New York, 2009). Edited Middle Eastern Societiesand the West: Accommodation or Clash of Civilizations? (Tel Aviv, 2006).

Michael Milshtein: Fellow at the Dayan Center for Middle Eastern andAfrican Studies. Author of Between Revolution and State: Fatah and thePalestinian Authority (Tel Aviv, 2004, Hebrew); Hamas: A Social Profile(Tel Aviv, 2008, Hebrew).

Esther Webman: Research Fellow at the Moshe Dayan Center for MiddleEastern and African Studies and the Roth Center for the Study of Anti-Semitism and Racism, Tel Aviv University. Coauthor of From Empathy toDenial: Arab Responses to the Holocaust (London: Hurst and New York:Columbia University Press, 2009). Published numerous articles on Arabanti-Semitism, on Islamist ideology, and on Middle Eastern responses toglobalization.

238 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

Abbas, Mahmud (Abu Mazen), 61,69, 159

‘Abd al-Hamid II, 152‘Abd al-Jawad, Salih, 64, 78, 93‘Abd al-Nasir, Gamal, 33, 51, 142, 151‘Abd Rabbuh, Yasir, 61‘Abd al-Rahman, ‘A’isha, 172‘Abdullah, Siham, 184‘Abidi, Mahmud al-, 100Abu-‘Arkub, Khadija, 183Abu Lughod, Ibrahim, 76, 88, 108Accad, Evelyne 176Acre, 30, 42, 61, 67, 80, 82, 83Aegean Sea, 113‘Ahd al-, 2Ahl al-dhimma, 63Al-Ahram, 45Al-Ahram Weekly, 38Algeria, 159, 187, 188‘Ali, Naji al-, 92, 94Amman, 104, 208Anderson, Benedict, 7, 8, 10, 11, 145,

146, 164, 234Al-Aqsa. For al-Aqsa Intifada, see

Intifadamartyr’s brigade, 123Mosque, 107, 119, 120, 123, 132,

141, 165Society, 89, 96

Arab Cultural Organization, 104Arab Higher Committee, 2, 3Arabian Gulf, 100Arabian Peninsula, 99, 100, 150Arabic, 2, 5, 6, 8, 23, 29, 34, 38, 42, 88,

92–94, 98, 100, 118, 126–29, 139,

147, 159, 189, 197–99, 203, 207,213, 216

Arabism, 2, 8, 11, 22–23, 30, 51, 98,100, 103–4, 126, 141–42, 151

Arab League, 3Arab League Summit, 1964, 52

‘Arafat, Jamil, 88Arafat, Yasser, 33, 53–55, 57, 58, 64,

66, 69Aramaic, 117, 118Archeology, 101, 112, 115, 116, 121‘Arif, ‘Arif al-, 38, 73, 91, 100, 101, 126Arksey, Hilary, 175Art(s), 16, 42, 55, 57, 78–82, 90, 93,

106, 108, 186, 196‘Ashrawi, Hannan, 118Assad, Hafiz al-, 142Association of Forty, 85‘Atallah, Rawda, 87‘Atallah, Suhayl, 201Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal, 152Auschwitz, 37, 158‘Awawda, Wadi‘a, 87, 89‘Awd, Sa‘ud ‘Awd, 107Al-‘Awda Organization, 78, 86, 92‘Awdah, Iman, 88‘Awwad, Hanan, 183‘Ayn Hud (Ein Hod), 84, 85, 87, 96‘Ayn Jalut, 119, 145Al-Ayyam (daily), 42, 57, 66, 67, 82, 92,

166, 167, 210

Ba‘ath, 51Badil, 45, 87Badr, Liyana, 181

Index

Baghdad, 119Bakhari, Baha’ al-, 82Bakri, Muhammad, 40, 83Balad Party, 52Balfour (Declaration), 50, 119, 138,

155, 160Ballas, Shimon, 23, 80, 94, 214Banna, Hasan al-, 145, 154Banu-Can‘an tribe, 100Barakat, Taysir, 82Barghuthi, ‘Abd al-Latif al-, 106Barghuthi, Amal Kharisha al-,

180, 188Barghuthi, ‘Umar Salih al-, 99, 126Al-Barwa, 73, 79Basel, 50Basil, Abu, 117Basiso, Mu‘ayn, 79Al-Bayan, 41, 45Baybars, 143, 145Baydas, Riyad, 194–96, 212, 213Bedouins, 107, 108, 113Beersheba, 56, 67–68, 92Beisan, 56Ben Gurion, David, 64Bilad Al-Sham, 2, 11Bir‘am, 85, 86, 90, 94, 95Bir Zayt University, 75, 78, 82, 92,

104, 109Bishara ‘Azmi, 29, 52, 66, 86, 87Bowman, Glen, 2, 11, 21, 24Budayri, Musa al-, 75Byzantine, 107, 148–50

Caetani, Leone, 99Camp David, 120Canaanites, 5, 12, 13, 16, 18, 21, 23,

97–134, 139, 148, 150, 160, 163,165

Cana‘na, Sharif, 183, 184capitalism, 7–8Christianity/Christians, 2, 8, 16, 34, 62,

85, 101, 118, 123, 132, 141,147–50, 157, 165

cinema, 31, 38, 41, 42, 83, 94colonialism, 50, 102, 138, 152, 159

commemoration, 14–16, 19–21, 25–27,32–34, 37–39, 55, 57–59, 75,88–90, 92, 116, 131, 172

Committees of Working Women, 180Communism, 3, 51, 82, 143, 197–98,

200–201Party, Israel, 79, 104, 105, 107,

197–99, 202, 210, 211community of memory, 19, 48, 72, 90,

95, 103Company of Arabic Books, 198Connerton, Paul, 171–73, 177–79, 181Cooke, Miriam, 175, 183Cooperative Company of Jewish

Workers in Palestine, 198countermemory, 21, 172, 173Covenant, Palestinian, 32, 106, 136, 147Crusades, 101, 127, 140, 150

Crusaders, 102, 119, 144, 145, 148,150, 160, 165, 170

Culture Ministry, Palestinian, 50Cyprus, 210

Dabbagh, Mustafa Murad al-, 73, 91,100, 101, 110, 126, 129, 133, 141,163, 164

Dajjani, Ahmad Sidqi al-, 32, 43Dakkak, Ibrahim, 27Damascus, 9, 91, 94, 106, 126, 147,

148, 178, 182Blood Libel, 147

Dar Al-Dhakira, 55Darwish, Mahmud, 34, 54–56, 73,

75, 79, 80, 90, 92, 93, 111, 141,162, 214

Dawaiymeh, 41Dawud, Bishara, 159Dead Sea, 117–18

Scrolls, 117Declaration of Independence

Israeli, 10Palestinian 1988, 10, 11, 109

Declaration of 1965, PLO, 32Deir al-Balakh, 61Deir Yassin, 40, 92

project, 40

240 INDEX

Department of Culture, Palestinian, 104diaspora

Jewish, 34, 35, 124Palestinian, 49, 52, 71, 76, 77, 86,

104, 115, 170

Ein Hod. See ‘Ayn HudElections, January 2006, Palestinian,

51, 58, 125Emorites, 100Encyclopedia Palaestina. See Palestinian

EncyclopediaEnloe, Cynthia, 174, 180Ethnie, 7, 11Europe(an), 7, 8, 11, 16, 34, 50, 63, 77,

99, 147, 159, 160, 167, 181

Al-Fajr, 106, 111, 198Faluji, ‘Imad al-, 54Fanni, Dr. Ibrahim al-, 115Faruqi, Sulayman Taji al-, 29Fatah, 4, 21, 23, 32, 51–53, 56–59, 66,

68, 81, 103, 112, 118, 123, 152,154, 156, 186

Al-Fatat, 2Faurisson, Robert, 34, 43Fayyad, Tawfiq, 81, 93, 200, 201Federation of Charitable

Associations, 180Filastin (biweekly), 8Filastin al-Muslima (monthly), 59, 68Filastin al-Thawra, 106, 108, 110Foucault, Michel, 172–74, 180France/French, 9, 11, 15, 34–36, 159Franklin-Lytle, Paula, 11, 24

Galilee, 67, 73, 82, 84, 85, 88, 107,108, 204

Gaza Strip, 4, 27, 28, 32, 39, 49, 53,58–59, 61, 66, 73, 82, 86, 89, 111,129, 154, 170

Gellner, Ernest, 5–7, 12Gerber, Haim, 9 Germany, 158–60, 166

German(s), 35, 36, 63, 64, 77, 91,159, 160, 167, 168

Gershoni, Israel, 14Gertz, Nurith, 41Ghazaleh, Ilham Abu, 183Ghitani, Jamal al-, 209Giacaman, Rita, 185Glavanis-Grantham, Kathy, 185, 187Greek Orthodox Church/Christians,

85, 148Greeks, 63, 100, 117Gush Emunim, 124, 162

Haaretz, 208Habash, Sakhar, 53Habibi, Emile, 81, 84, 94, 197, 198,

203–5, 207, 209, 210, 212,215, 216

Haddad, Michel, 198Haddad, Yvonne, 179, 180Hadith, 119, 121, 122, 141, 200Haidar, Aziz, 3, 22, 23Haifa, 41, 67, 72, 80, 83, 88, 93, 198,

203, 204, 207, 215Al-Hakawati, 83, 116Halbwachs, Maurice, 13, 17–18Hamas, 10, 12, 16, 20, 21, 58, 59, 89,

112, 114, 117, 119, 121, 123–25,136, 142–49, 153, 154, 160, 161

Hamas Charter, 136, 142–45, 147, 149Hamid, Salim, 115Hanna, ‘Atallah, 148Haqiqat al-Amr, 198Harkabi, Yehoshafat, 23, 42, 43, 66,

72, 126Hasan, Bilal al-, 118Hasan, Nizar, 83Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. See

JordanAl-Hayat (daily), 35, 38Al-Hayat al-Jadida (daily), 38, 57, 118,

159, 160Hazima, Ibrahim, 82Hebrew

Language, 23, 72, 81, 83–85, 117,120, 140, 210, 212

People, 100, 110, 111, 113, 116, 120,157, 167

INDEX 241

Hijra, 35Hillawi, Majid, 34, 35Histadrut, 197, 199, 210Hittin, 102, 123, 164Hobsbawm, Eric, 5–7, 12Holocaust, 10, 27, 28, 34–40, 43–45,

61, 77, 78, 86, 93, 147, 158–61,167, 168

Husayn, Rashid, 80, 198Husayni, ‘Abd al Qadir al-, 31,

154, 156Husayni, Faysal al-, 187Husayni, Mufti Hajj Amin al-, 2,

102, 153Husayni, Muhammad Baqir al-, 107Husayni, Musa Kazem al-, 2Hut, Shafiq al-, 31, 78, 92

Ibrahim, Hanna, 81, 197, 199Ibrahim, Hasan, 137Ibrahim, Saad Eddin, 29Ibrahim, Sun‘allah, 209Ikrit, 85, 95, 96Imperialism, 9, 98, 108, 149, 152, 153Initiative Committee to Defend the

Rights of the Uprooted of1948—Citizens of the State ofIsrael, 87

International Women’s Day, 185Intifada

Al-Aqsa, 40, 58–60, 64, 75, 89, 123,142, 164, 170

First, 16, 20, 32, 106, 135, 151, 179,182–86, 188, 210

Iraq, 2, 6, 9, 48, 83, 105, 107, 113, 123,156, 165, 197, 198, 212–14

Al-‘Isa, ‘Isa and Daud, 8‘Isa, Maruth, 89Islamic Movement, in Israel (IM), 89Israel, State of, 3, 10, 27, 29, 36, 55,

78, 84, 86, 87, 97, 169, 194, 197,198, 205

Arab citizens, of, 10, 19, 80, 90, 138,193, 202, 203

Israelites, 100, 106, 110–11, 113–15Al-Isra’ wal-Mi‘raj, 102, 119, 120, 149

Istiqlal Party, 98Al-Ittihad, 197–98, 208‘Izzat, Mahmud ‘Arfa, 29

Jabra, Ibrahim Jabra, 48, 50, 65Al-Jadid, 107, 198, 201Jaffa, 8, 41, 56, 61, 67, 78, 83, 88, 90,

91, 177, 199Jahiliyya, 112, 114, 145Al-Jama‘a al-Islamiyya (daily), 29Jebusites, 100, 117, 120Jenin, 40, 60, 69Jerusalem, 2, 9, 27, 72, 75, 83, 100, 102,

107, 110, 112, 116, 119–22,139–41, 148–51, 155, 158, 184,186, 187, 193

Jerusalem Center for Research andDocumentation, 115

Jerusalem Women’s Studies Center, 184Jesus, 118, 141, 147, 148, 157jihad, 32, 68, 124, 141, 143, 144, 153, 154Al-Jihadiyya, 154Al-Jihad al-Muqaddas, 154John Paul II, 37, 118Jordan (Hashemite Kingdom of

Jordan), 4, 8, 9, 24, 28, 32, 33,40, 44, 45, 51, 66, 71, 77, 92, 98,104, 123, 128, 131, 156, 173, 178,204, 208

Jordanian University, 104Jordan River, 9, 100, 146Judaism, 100, 113, 116, 118, 157Juha, Amia, 82

Kafr Eyn Siniya, 55Kafr Kana, 84Kafr Qasem massacre, 87Kanafani, Ghassan, 30, 80, 88Kansteiner, Wulf, 15, 25Karmi, ‘Abd al-Karim al-, 56, 79Karmi, Ghada al-, 71–72, 75Kawar, Amal, 181, 185Khadr, Hasan, 61, 74Khalidi, Rashid, 34, 35, 38, 62, 76,

139, 152Khalidi, Salah al-, 143

242 INDEX

Khalidi, Tarif, 99Khalidi, Walid al-, 28, 73, 139, 159Khalifa, Sahar, 172, 184Khalil Sakakini Cultural Centre, 38Khalil, Umm. See Salama, SamihaKhalili, Ghazi al-, 177Khan Yunis, 61Khater, Hasan, 158Khatib, Amin al-, 181, 186Khatib, Hajj Muhammad Nimr al-, 72Khazars, 100, 113, 154Khleifi, George, 41Khouri, Elias, 37, 41, 81Khouri, Rami, 40Kimche, Jon and David, 159Knesset, 52, 86, 95, 211Knight, Peter, 175Kuthrani, Wajih, 151

Labadi, Fadwa, 184Land Day, 87Latin America, 8Lebanon, 3, 4, 9, 28, 56, 71, 77, 79,

82, 83, 107, 154, 175, 177, 179,183, 210

Mount, 107, 108Le Bon, Gustave, 58Levinger, Matthew, 12, 25Literature, Arabic, 43, 80, 175, 194,

200, 206, 208–10, 214Lonni, Ada, 34Lowenthal, David, 18, 21, 25, 173, 189Lubani, ‘Isa, 201, 202Lydda, 41, 208, 209

Ma‘alul, 84, 86Ma‘ariv, 208Mahfuz, Najib, 88Majd al-Krum, 88Mana‘, ‘Adel, 88Mana‘, Hashim Salih, 171, 182, 187Mandate, British, 2, 7, 9, 32, 98–101,

103, 104, 106Manfaluti, Mustafa Lutfi al-, 206Mapam, 198Masalha, ‘Umar, 102

Mash’harawi, Rashid al-, 83Mash‘ur, Lufti, 89Massad, Joseph A., 36Mawlid al-Nabi, 102Mazini, Ibrahim ‘Abd al-Qadir al-, 28Mecca, 35, 141, 149, 151Media, Palestinian, 40, 53, 62, 111, 112,

119, 122, 135–68, 183, 199Medina, 35, 141, 143, 147Mediterranean, 100Metahistory, 138, 144–45, 149, 160million persons’ march, the, 33, 57Ministry of Education, Palestinian, 55,

129, 131missionary activity, 6Mongols, 119, 143, 144Mount Carmel, 85Mu‘ammar, Khaled, 177Mujtama‘ al- (journal), 198Muhammad, ‘Awad Muhammad, 35Muhammad, the Prophet, 35, 102,

112, 119–21, 123, 141, 143, 147,149, 153

Muslim Brotherhood, 58, 89, 141, 145,153, 154

Muslim-Christian associations, 155Muwaylihi, Muhammad al-, 200, 206myths, 10–11, 18, 21, 27–35, 48–49, 58,

61, 71, 73–75, 97, 112, 114, 115,117, 119, 121, 122, 138–40, 146,148–50, 152, 160–62

Nabi Musa festival, 102Nablus, 52, 116, 124, 187, 204Naffa‘, Muhammad, 209Naja, Ibrahim Abu, 57Najib, George, 80Nakba, 3–4, 10, 14–17, 21, 27–96,

103, 116, 117, 125, 36, 140, 155,172, 181

Day, 88Nashashibi, Nasser al-Din al-, 80Nasro, Fathiyya, 75Nassar, ‘Azzam, 74Nassar, Issam, 30Nasser. See ‘Abd al-Nasir, Gamal

INDEX 243

Natsheh, Rafiq al-, 152Natshe, Yusuf Sa‘id al-, 106Nazareth, 84–86, 118, 147, 164,

198–204, 215Arab Culture Society of, 87

Nazis, 37, 78, 156, 158–60Nazism, 36, 158–60, 167

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 172Nora, Pierre, 13, 14, 17, 55, 123Nusseibeh, Sari, 62

Occupied Territories, 86, 104, 205, 209October clashes, 2000, 87–89Oslo Accords, 58, 83, 111, 181, 187Ottoman(s), 6, 8, 71, 72, 89, 107, 108,

151, 161Ottoman Empire, 2, 5, 6, 62, 108,

151, 152Pax Ottomanica, 8

PalestineMandatory, 9, 10, 47, 84, 129, 145,

146, 153Ottoman, 8

Palestine Liberation Organization(PLO), 4, 10, 12, 19, 20, 27, 31, 32,36, 49, 51, 58, 59, 64, 71, 73, 78,79, 83, 87, 103–7, 110, 111, 136,139–41, 146, 152, 126, 160, 173,180, 181, 182, 184, 186

Provisional Political Program, 39Palestinian Authority, 33, 73, 76, 160Palestinian Encyclopedia, 81, 104–6Palestinian Executive Committee, 2Palestinian National Authority (PNA),

12, 34, 38, 53–59, 62, 73–74,76–78, 81, 86–89, 97, 111–15,117–21, 124–25, 135–68

textbooks, 32, 55, 66–67, 114,118–19, 122–24, 132, 135, 146,161

Palestinian National Charter, 1964, 39Palestinian National Theater. See al-

HakawatiPalestinian Women’s Film Festival,

186–87

Pan-Arabism. See ArabismPartition Plan, 1947, 3, 27, 50, 63, 190peace process, 32, 91Pedersen, Birgitte Rahbek, 179People’s Appeal, Palestinian, 34, 37Persian(s), 111, 121, 123Peteet, Julie, 176Philistines, 100, 113Press, 8, 27, 76, 81, 104, 115, 126, 136,

146, 186, 197, 208Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 146, 147poetry, 16, 30, 31, 79, 80, 82, 90, 105,

107, 171, 172, 175, 182Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine (PFLP), 24, 59, 88

Qa‘awar, Jamal, 80Qa‘awar, Najwa, 80Qashu‘a, Sayyid, 81, 89Qasim, Samih al-, 105, 107Qassam, ‘Izz al-Din al-, 31, 109, 124,

154Qaymari, Ata, 34Qidwa, Jarir al-, 121Al-Quds (daily), 38, 62, 82Al-Quds, 150

University, 62, 75Qudwa, Jarir al-, 151Qur’an, 8, 113, 117, 121, 122, 132,

133, 143, 147, 153, 157, 158, 161,167, 179

Al-Ra’id (journal), 198Ramallah, 55, 83, 180, 187, 204, 215Ramli, Kushajim al-, 107Al-Raya (daily), 153rebellion, of, 1936–1939, 2, 28, 29,

32, 126, 148, 149, 152–54,165, 166

Refugees, 3, 4, 19, 21, 29–33, 36, 38, 39,47, 51, 52, 54, 56, 59–64, 71, 72,76, 78–87, 90, 137, 177, 181, 196,208, 209

Camps, 3, 4, 14, 28, 32, 38, 40, 52,59–61, 63, 72, 77, 82, 83, 86,177–79

244 INDEX

return, Palestinian, 29, 31–34, 38, 39,41, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54, 56, 59–64,72–87, 181, 208

Israeli law, of, 38Al-Risala (daily), 147Riyan, Shaykh Kamal, 89Russia, 41, 56, 108

Sa‘adi, Shaykh Farhan al-, 154Sadik, ‘Adli, 159Al-Safafari, 85Safed (Safad), 41, 56, 108Saffuriyya, 83, 85Safi, Talal al-, 106, 111Saghiya, Hazim, 35Saladin, 102, 143, 148, 150–51, 161Salama, Samiha, 180Salibi, Kamal, 158Samrin, Raja’, 182, 187Sarsur, Shaykh Ibrahim, 137Sayigh, Rosemary, 3, 22, 23, 37, 44, 45,

66, 75, 185, 191, 192Sayigh, Yezid, 75 Schwartz, Barry, 15Semites, 99–100, 110Sha‘ath, Ghalib, 83Sha‘ban, Buthayna, 173, 178, 181, 182,

186, 188Shahwan, Najla, 183Al-Shajara, 82Shakeel, Hadia, 177Shammas, Anton, 41, 81, 210, 212Shamut, Isma‘il, 82Sha‘shuwwa‘, Salim, 198Shawa, Hajj Zafer al-, 153Shfar‘am, 194Shihabi, Zlikha, 179Shufani, Elias, 139, 147, 153, 155, 160Al-Sinara (weekly), 89Sirhan, Nimer, 50Sisalem, ‘Issam, 113, 120sites of memory, 13, 14, 16, 55,

97, 123Sitta, Salman Abu, 39, 41, 60, 76Sivan, Emmanuel, 49, 123, 150Sliman, Ilya, 83

Smith, Anthony, D., 7, 10–12,23–24, 65

Spain, 29, 37Spengler, Oswald, 144Society for Invigorating the

Family, 180Solomon, King. See SulaymanSomekh, Sasson, 209Sorel, Georges, 58Soviet Union, 6Stein, Kenneth, 178Steinberg, Mati, 31, 42, 66Strum, Philippa, 183Sulayman, (King Solomon), 121, 157,

158, 167Supreme Court (Israeli), 85Supreme Monitoring Committee, 88Supreme Muslim Council (SMC),

101, 102Sykes-Picot Accord, 50Syria/Syrian/Syrians, 2, 4, 9, 21–23, 28,

49, 61, 80, 83, 94, 99, 105, 109,143, 154, 155, 166, 173, 195

Taha, Muhammad ‘Ali, 81, 93, 199,209, 214, 216

Tamari, Salim, 33, 41, 43, 45, 69, 76,91, 92

Tamoun, 183Tartars, 145Tawtin, 62, 69, 82Tel Aviv University, 193Temple (Jewish), 110, 120, 121, 139,

149, 151Torah, 118, 165Toynbee, Arnold, 144Transjordan. See JordanTuma, Emile, 105, 107, 108, 197Tunisia, 182Tuqan, Fadwa, 52, 79, 172, 175, 182,

190Turk, Rif‘at, 88Turki, Fawaz, 23, 42, 66, 72Turks, 23, 63, 108, 151, 152Tut, Mahmud al-, 79Tutah, Khalil, 99, 126–28, 131

INDEX 245

‘ulama’, 153, 154‘Umar, Caliph, 148–50, 202‘Umar, Zahir al-, 108, 124Umayyads, 107, 110UNESCO, 106Union of Arab Poets, 198United States of America, 1, 15, 26, 43,

72, 76, 92, 139, 148, 159, 160, 168,180, 210

Ur Salem, 116

Wall, Western, 120, 121, 141, 163War

1967, 30, 31, 77, 102, 202, 203, 2081973, 31World War I, 2, 9, 20, 98, 121World War II, 63, 77, 143, 158, 159

West Bank, 4, 27, 28, 32, 39, 42, 49, 53,58, 61, 66, 68, 71, 73, 86, 89, 104,110, 111, 125, 128, 154, 170, 172,173, 180–82, 184, 188, 189, 191,192, 204, 208

White paper, 1922, 9Winkler, H.A., 99

Women’s AssociationArab, 179Jaffa, 177

Yasin, Sheikh Ahmad, 136, 145Yasin, Subhi, 101, 126, 127Al-Yawm (daily), 198Yiftachel, Oren, 11

Zabidi, Subhi, 83Za‘ter, Tal al-, 177Zerubavel, Yael, 16, 18, 136, 137Zionism, 88, 97–99, 102, 105, 108–111,

116, 122–25, 138, 142, 147,150–56, 159–61

Zionist(s), 2, 3, 9, 11, 19, 31–36, 40, 50,98–100, 102, 105, 109, 113–15,118, 120–22, 137, 145–47, 151,154, 156, 157, 159–62, 198, 199

Congress, 50immigration, 3, 122movement, 2, 100, 112, 140, 158–61

Ziyad, Abu Ziyad, 62, 69Zurayq, Qustantin, 28, 33, 42, 43

246 INDEX