next generation ip transport
DESCRIPTION
Next Generation IP Transport by Tay Wei Yin, Consulting System Engineer, Cisco IncTRANSCRIPT
Cisco Confidential © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1
Evolution of Next Generation IP Transport
Wei Yin Tay Consulting Systems Engineer, Cisco Systems APJC
Dec 2012
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2
At the end of the session, the participants should be able to: • Understand the technical details of the Unified MPLS for Large
Scare IP Transport system design
• Explain the scale and operational advantages of the Unified MPLS approach over an IGP/LDP design
• Understand the key enabling technologies for Unified MPLS, MPLS DoD, RFC3701, BGP PIC, LFA FRR etc.
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3
• Next Generation Internet Drivers
• Unified MPLS Transport
• Unified MPLS Functional Considerations Resiliency OAM and PM
• Summary and Key Takeaways
• FMC Backup
Next Generation Internet Drivers
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 5
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6
Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global IP Traffic Forecast, 2010–2015
More Devices
More Internet Users
Faster Broadband Speeds
More Rich Media Content
Key Growth Factors
Nearly 15B Connections 4-Fold Speed Increase
3 Billion Internet Users 1M Video Minutes per Second
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 7
§ MPLS does already satisfy number of NGN convergence requirements Full breadth of services enabling per domain convergence Compatible with heterogeneous network domains and their properties Proven by widespread adoption in Core, Edge and Aggregation
§ Latest MPLS developments address Transport Applications and scaling into the Access MPLS-TP for Static Provisioning, Transport Path performance monitoring and diagnostics* Scaling to 100,000s MPLS devices without any compromise in performance and operations** Low-end (access) devices support at scale***
§ MPLS – Proven Standards Based Convergence Technology * MPLS-TP – MPLS Transport Profile and MPLS-TP OAM ** MPLS Enhancements for extra large scale – BGP-4 + label (RFC3107) or multiple static MPLS-TP and dynamic IP/MPLS areas *** Achieved with MPLS-TP or MPLS LDP
MPLS
Core Edge Aggregation Access
IP/MPLS Cross-Domain Convergence
MPLS as Network Convergence TechnologyOptimizing Service Delivery
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 8
Core Domain MPLS/IP IGP Area
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Domain MPLS/IP
IGP Area/Process
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Domain MPLS/IP
IGP Area/Process
RAN MPLS/IP
IGP Area/Process
RAN MPLS/IP
IGP Area/Process
Core
Core
Core
Core
Node Access Domain Aggregation Domain Network Wide
Cell Site Gateways 20 2,400 60,000
Pre-Aggregation Nodes 2 240 6,000
Aggregation Nodes NA 12 300
Core ABRs NA 2 50
Mobile transport Gateways NA NA 20
~ 67,000 IGP Routes!
~45 IGP
Routes
~45 IGP
Routes
~ 2,500 IGP Routes!
~ 2,500 IGP Routes!
LDP LSP ! LDP LSP ! LDP LSP !
~45 IGP
Routes
Unified MPLS Transport
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Problem Statement
• Modern Network Requirements: Increase bandwidth demand (Video) Increase application complexity (Cloud and virtualization) Increase need for convergence (Mobility)
• Traditional MPLS Challenges with differing Access technologies Complexity of achieving 50 millisecond convergence with TE-FRR Need for sophisticated routing protocols & interaction with Layer 2 Protocols Splitting large networks in to domains while still delivering services end-to-end Common end-to-end convergence and resiliency mechanisms End-to-end Provisioning and troubleshooting across multiple domains
How to simplify MPLS operations in increasingly larger networks with more complex application requirements
Unified MPLS addresses these challenges with elegant simplicity
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11
Classical MPLS network with few additions
§ Common MPLS technology from Core, Aggregation, Pre-agg and potentially in the access
§ RFC 3107 label allocation to introduce hierarchy for scale
§ BGP Filtering Mechanisms to help the network learn what is needed, where is needed and when is needed in a secure manner
§ Loop Free Alternates FRR for 50 msec convergence with no configuration required
§ BGP Prefix Independence Convergence to make the 3107 hierarchy converge quickly
§ Contiguous and consistent Transport and Service OAM and Performance Monitoring based on RFC-6374
§ Support Virtualized L2/L3 Services Edge using MPLS VPN, VPWS, VPLS
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 12
Core Domain MPLS/IP IGP Area
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Domain MPLS/IP
IGP Area/Process
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Domain MPLS/IP
IGP Area/Process
RAN MPLS/IP
IGP Area/Process
RAN MPLS/IP
IGP Area/Process
Core
Core
Core
Core
Node Access Domain Aggregation Domain Network Wide
Cell Site Gateways 20 2,400 60,000
Pre-Aggregation Nodes 2 240 6,000
Aggregation Nodes NA 12 300
Core ABRs NA 2 50
Mobile transport Gateways NA NA 20
~ 67,000 IGP Routes!
~45 IGP
Routes
~45 IGP
Routes
~ 2,500 IGP Routes!
~ 2,500 IGP Routes!
LDP LSP ! LDP LSP ! LDP LSP !
~254 IGP Routes ~ 6,020 BGP Routes
~45 IGP
Routes
~70 IGP Routes ~ 67,000 BGP Routes
~254 IGP Routes ~ 6,020 BGP Routes
~45 IGP
Routes
LDP LSP ! LDP LSP ! LDP LSP ! LDP LSP ! LDP LSP !
iBGP Hierarchical LSP!
Reduction in BGP routes towards Access
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• The network is organized in distinct IGP/LDP domains Domains defined via multi-area IGP, different autonomous systems or different IGP processes. No redistribution between domains Intra-domain communication based on IGP/LDP LSPs.
• The network is integrated with a hierarchical MPLS control and data plane based on RFC-3107: BGP IPv4 unicast +label (AFI/SAFI=1/4)
Inter-domain communication based on labeled BGP LSPs initiated/terminated by the Unified MPLS PEs. LSPs are switched by Unified MPLS ABRs or ASBRs interconnecting the domains, configured as labeled iBGP RRs with Next Hop Self
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MPLS MPLS MPLS
• In general transport platforms, a service has to be configured on every network element via operational points. The management system has to know the topology.
• Goal is to minimize the number of operational points
• With the introduction of MPLS within the aggregation, some static configuration is avoided.
• Only with the integration of all MPLS islands, the minimum number of operational points is possible.
MPLS Access AGG AGG
LER LSR LER
AGG AGG Access
Operational Points
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• Disconnect & Isolate IGP domains No more end-to-end IGP view
• Leverage BGP for infrastructure (i.e. PE) routes Also for infrastructure (i.e. PE) labels
Backbone Aggregation
.
Access Region 2
.
PE31
R
PE21
Access .
Region1
.
Aggregation
PE11 PE21
ISIS Level 2 Or
OSPF Area 0
ISIS Level 1 Or
OSPF Area X
ISIS Level 1 Or
OSPF Area Y
Isolated IGP & LDP Isolated IGP & LDP Isolated IGP & LDP BGP for Infrastructure
BGP for Services
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16
172.1.1.0/24
1. BGP advertises labeled routes. • When advertising routes R2/R7 set Next Hop to self, just like R3/R8, R5/R10
and possibly (R4/R9) 2. Access nodes only need 2 routes and only a few 100 LSPs
• When R4/R9 do NHS, no route export necessary between IGP hierarchies
L5
L2 L3 L1
L6 L7
L1
L2
L3
L4 L5
L6
L7
L8
An
Note: Label distribution over diagonal links not shown
R2 R3 R4 R5
R7 R8 R9 R10
A1
In Label Out Label
Next Hop Outgoing IF
Any DoD R5 S0 Any DoD R10 S1
Destination Best next hop 0.0.0.0/0 R5 0.0.0.0/0 R10
Route Table size for Access Nodes: 2
Ak 172.2.1.0/24
LFIB size for Access Nodes: O(# active LSPs * # Paths) ≈ 200
BGP+label BGP+label BGP+label
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172.1.1.0/24
1. Distribute the service label from R2 to R5 • In this case, prefix 172.1.1.0/24 has the label “50”
2. Use that label together with the BGP Next Hop to forward the packet • R5 will advertise 50 to A1 when a label for 172.1.1.0/24 is requested. R3 and R2
set BGP Next Hop to self.
LR7
LR3 LR4 LR2
LR8 LR9
LR2
LR3
LR4
LR5 LR
7
LR8
LR9
LR10
An
R2 R3 R4 R5
R7 R8 R9 R10
A1
In Label Out Label
50 LR3/50
Destination Best next hop 172.1.1.0/24 R3(or R4) 172.2.1.0/24 R3(or R4)
Ak 172.2.1.0/24
Destination Best next hop 172.1.1.0/24 An 172.1.2.0/24 Ak
Destination Best next hop 172.1.1.0/24 R2 172.1.2.0/24 R2
In Label Out Label LR4 LR3
In Label Out Label LR3 LR2
In Label Out Label LR2 50
Note: PHP operation not shown in these tables. R5 in this case would not push two labels but just one. Just like R4, R3 and R2 would actually only see the service label 50 on ingress. For clarity this explicit form was chosen.
50 LR2
50
LR3
50
LR4
50
50
BGP+label BGP+label BGP+label
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 18
• Core and Aggregation Networks form one IGP and LDP domain. • With small aggregation platforms the scale recommendation is less than 1000 IGP/LDP nodes.
• All Mobile (and Wireline) services are enabled by the Aggregation Nodes. The Mobile Access is based on TDM and Packet Microwave links aggregated in Aggregation Nodes enabling TDM/ATM/Ethernet VPWS and MPLS VPN transport
Distribution Node
Core and Aggregation IP/MPLS Domain
Core Node
Aggregation Node
Core Node
Core Node
Core Node
IGP/LDP domain!
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node Pre-Aggregation
Node
IP/Ethernet
Fiber and Microwave 3G/LTE
TDM and Packet Microwave, 2G/3G/LTE
Mobile Transport GW
Mobile Transport GW
CSG
CSG
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Core and Aggregation IP/MPLS domain
IGP Area
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Pre-Aggregation Node
RAN IP/MPLS Domain
LDP LSP ! LDP LSP ! LDP LSP !
iBGP Hierarchical LSP!
• The Core and Aggregation form a relatively small IGP/LDP domain (1000 nodes) • The RAN is MPLS enabled. Each RAN network forms a different IGP/LDP domain • The Core/Aggregation and RAN Access Networks are integrated with labelled BGP LSP • The Access Network Nodes learn only the MPC labelled BGP prefixes and selectively and optionally the neighbouring RAN networks labelled BGP prefixes.
RAN IP/MPLS Domain
Pre-Aggregation Node
Mobile Transport GW
Core Node
Core Node
Core Node
Core Node
Mobile Transport GW
CSG
CSG
CSG
CSG
CSG
CSG
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Core Network IP/MPLS Domain
IP/Ethernet
Fiber and Microwave 3G/LTE
Pre-Aggregation Node
Aggregation Network IP/MPLS Domain
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Network IP/MPLS Domain
Core Node
LDP LSP ! LDP LSP ! LDP LSP !
iBGP (eBGP across ASes) Hierarchical LSP!
• The Core and Aggregation Networks enable Unified MPLS Transport • The Core and Aggregation Networks are organized as independent IGP/LDP domains • Core and Aggregation Networks may be in different Autonomous Systems, in which case the inter-domain LSP is enabled by labeled eBGP in between ASes • The network domains are interconnected with hierarchical LSPs based on RFC 3107, BGP IPv4+labels. Intra domain connectivity is based on LDP LSPs • The Aggregation Node enable Mobile and Wireline Services. The Mobile RAN Access is based on TDM and Packet Microwave.
TDM and Packet Microwave, 2G/3G/LTE
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Core Node
Core Node
Core Node
Mobile Transport GW
Mobile Transport GW
CSG
CSG
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 21
RAN IP/MPLS domain
Core Node
Core Node
Core Node
Core Node
LDP LSP ! LDP LSP ! LDP LSP ! LDP LSP ! LDP LSP !
iBGP (eBGP across ASes) Hierarchical LSP!
• The Core, Aggregation, Access Network enable Unified MPLS Transport • The Core, Aggregation, Access are organized as independent IGP/LDP domains • Core and Aggregation Networks may be in different Autonomous Systems, in which case the inter-domain LSP is enabled by labeled eBGP in between ASes • The network domains are interconnected with hierarchical LSPs based on RFC 3107, BGP IPv4+labels. Intra domain connectivity is based on LDP LSPs • The Access Network Nodes learn only the required labelled BGP FECs, with selective distribution of the MPC and RAN neighbouring labelled BGP communities
RAN IP/MPLS domain
Core Network IP/MPLS Domain
Pre-Aggregation Node
Aggregation Network IP/MPLS Domain
Aggregation Node
Pre-Aggregation Node
Aggregation Network IP/MPLS Domain
Core Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Core Node
Core Node
Core Node
Mobile Transport GW
Mobile Transport GW
CSG
CSG
CSG CSG
CSG
CSG
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RAN MPLS/IP
IGP Area/Process
RAN MPLS/IP
IGP Area/Process
MPC iBGP community"into RAN IGP"
RAN IGP CSN Loopbacks "into iBGP"
Core
Core
Core
Core
LDP LSP !LDP LSP ! LDP LSP ! LDP LSP !
LDP LSP !
i/eBGP Hierarchical LSP!
• The Core and Aggregation are organized as distinct IGP/LDP domains that enable inter domain hierarchical LSPs based on RFC 3107, BGP IPv4+labels and intra domain LSPs based on LDP • Core and Aggregation Networks may be in different Autonomous Systems, in which case the inter-domain LSP is enabled by labeled eBGP in between ASes • The inter domain Core/Aggregation LSPs are extended in the Access Networks by distributing the RAN IGP in the AggregationIPV4 unicast + label iBGP and the Mobile Transport Gateways labeled iBGP prefixes into RAN IGP.
Core Node
Core Node
Core Node
Core Node
Core Network IP/MPLS Domain
Aggregation Network IP/MPLS Domain
Aggregation Node
Pre-Aggregation Node
Aggregation Network IP/MPLS Domain
Core Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Aggregation Node
Core Node
Core Node
Core Node
Mobile Transport GW
Mobile Transport GW
Pre-Aggregation Node
MPC iBGP community"into RAN IGP"
RAN IGP CSN Loopbacks "into iBGP"
CSG
CSG
CSG CSG
CSG
CSG
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 23
D1
PE11
PE12
IP/MPLS control plane
1.1.1.1
Default Static Route
0/0
0/0
• Access node remains extremely simple no IGP, no BGP, static default routes only to PE
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• Service provisioning only on access node
• Configuration of xconnect triggers LDP request for label to use for remote destination
D1
PE11
PE12
1.1.1.1
Service Provisioning
Port P xconnect 1.1.1.1
Service Provisioning
LDP DoD Request (1.1.1.1)
LDP DoD Request (1.1.1.1)
IP/MPLS control plane
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D1
PE11
PE12
1.1.1.1
LDP DoD Reply (L=21)
LDP DoD Reply (L=31)
IP/MPLS control plane
• PE replies with label value to use for remote location based off full network knowledge
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D1
PE11
PE12
1.1.1.1
IP/MPLS control plane
• End to end service is now created for both primary and backup path
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• Access node is extremely simple no IGP, no BGP
• Access node may have an LSP towards any other node
• Access node only knows the labels it needs
• Simple and Scaleable
• Leverage existing technology (simplicity)
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 28
• Extend MPLS to the Access without the need for much intelligence or memory on these boxes
2 route entries, MPLS DoD and an LFIB the size of the established LSPs are sufficient
• End-to-End reachability information kept at nodes that scale well (ABRs)
• Minimize the size of the IGP Clear separation of routing domains, improved convergence in the access & aggregation domains. With NHS on all ABRs, no core routes are leaked into access & aggregation, and no access & aggregation routes into the core.
Unified MPLS Resiliency
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• Unified MPLS Transport: • Core, Aggregation, Pre-Aggregation baseline using BGP PIC Core/Edge
• Can benefit from LFA FRR in Core and Aggregation if topology is LFA
• LDP IP/MPLS Access uses remote LFA FRR • Labeled BGP Access uses labeled BGP control plane protection
• MPLS VPN Service • eNB UNI: Static Routes • MPC UNI: PE-CE dynamic routing with BFD keep-alive • Transport: BGP VPNv4/v6 convergence, BGP VPN PIC, VRRP on MTG
• VPWS Service: • UNI: mLACP for Ethernet, MR-APS for TDM/ATM • Transport: PW redundancy, two-way PW redundancy
• Synchronization Distribution: • ESMC for SyncE, SSM for ring distribution. • 1588 BC with active/standby PTP streams from multiple 1588 OC masters
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 31
CSG
CSG
CSG CSG
CSG
CSG
CN-RR
RR
iBGP IPv4+label
Core Network IS-IS L2
Access Network
OPSF 0 / IS-IS L2
Aggregation Network IS-IS L1
Aggregation Network IS-IS L1
Access Network
OPSF 0 / IS-IS L2
MTG
iBGP IPv4+label
iBGP IPv4+label
iBGP IPv4+label
iBGP IPv4+label
PAN Inline RR
next-hop-self
PAN Inline RR
next-hop-self
CN-ABR Inline RR
next-hop-self
CN-ABR Inline RR
next-hop-self
LDP LSP ! LDP LSP ! LDP LSP ! LDP LSP ! LDP LSP !
iBGP Hierarchical LSP!
BGP PIC Edge <100 msec
BGP PIC Core <100 msec
LFA FRR, Remote-LFA FRR < 50msec
Mobile Packet Core SGW/PGW
MME
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Failure Scenario IGP Availability Function BGP Availability Function CSG Uplink LFA FRR Transient CSG link/node LFA FRR PAN link/node BGP PIC Core Transient AGG link/node BGP PIC Core Agg/Core ASBR link/node
BGP PIC Edge
Core link/node LFA FRR BGP PIC Core MTG link/node BGP PIC Edge
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• What is LFA FRR? Well known (RFC 5286) basic fast re-route mechanism to provide local protection for unicast traffic in pure IP and MPLS/LDP networks
Path computation done only at “source” node
Backup is Loop Free Alternate (C is an LFA, E is not)
• No directly connected Loop Free Alternates (LFA) in some topologies
• Ring topologies for example: Consider C1-C2 link failure
If C2 sends a A1-destined packet to C3, C3 will send it back to C2
• However, a non-directly connected loop free alternate node (C5) exits
33
A
C
E
B
D
F
2 2 10
2
1
8 4
C1
C3
C5
A2 A1
C2 C4
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http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-shand-remote-lfa• Remote LFA uses automated IGP/LDP behavior to extend
basic LFA FRR to arbitrary topologies
• A node dynamically computes its remote loop free alternate node(s)
Done during SFP calculations using algorithm (see draft)
• Automatically establishes a directed LDP session to it The directed LDP session is used to exchange labels for the FEC in question
• On failure, the node uses label stacking to tunnel traffic to the Remote LFA node, which in turn forwards it to the destination
• Note: The whole label exchange and tunneling mechanism is dynamic and does not involve any manual provisioning
34
A1
C1
C2
C3
C4
A2
Backbone
Access Region
C5 Directed LDP session
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• C2’s LIB C1’s label for FEC A1 = 20
C3’s label for FEC C5 = 99
C5’s label for FEC A1 = 21
• On failure, C2 sends A1-destined traffic onto an LSP destined to C5
Swap per-prefix label 20 with 21 that is expected by C5 for that prefix, and push label 99
• When C5 receives the traffic, the top label 21 is the one that it expects for that prefix and hence it forwards it onto the destination using the shortest-path avoiding the link C1-C2.
35
A1
C1
C2
C3
E1
C4
A2
Backbone
Access Region
C5 Directed LDP session
21
20
99
21 99
21 X
21
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• MPLS-TE FRR 1-hop Link 14 primary TE tunnels to operate
14 backup TE tunnels to operate
No node protection
• MPLS-TE FRR Full-Mesh 42 primary TE tunnels to operate
14 backup TE tunnels to operate for Link protection
28 backup TE tunnels to operate for Link & Node protection
• Remote LFA Fully automated IGP/LDP behavior
tLDP session dynamically set up to Remote LFA Node Even ring involves 1 directed LDP sessions per node
Odd ring involves 2 directed LDP sessions per node
No tunnels to operate
36
AG1-1
CSS-1
CSS-2
CSS-3
CSS-4
AG1-2
CSS-5
*For the count, account that TE tunnels are unidirectional
Odd Ring
AG1-1
CSS-1
CSS-2 CSS-3
AG1-2
CSS-4
Even Ring
tLDP session for link CSS 2-3
tLDP session for link CSS 1-2
tLDP session for links
CSS 1-2 and 2-3
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 37
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-shand-remote-lfa• Simple operation with minimal configuration
• No need to run an additional protocol (like RSVP-TE) in a IGP/LDP network just for FRR capability
Automated computation of node and directed LDP session setup
Minimal signalling overhead
• Simpler capacity planning than TE-FRR TE-FRR protected traffic hairpins through NH or NNH before being forwarded to the destination
Need to account for the doubling of traffic on links due to hairpinning during capacity planning
Remote-LFA traffic is forwarded on per-destination shortest-paths from PQ node
37
A1
C1
C2
C3
E1
C4
A2
Backbone
Access Region
C5
TE-FRR Backup tunnel NH protection
Remote-LFA tunnel to PQ node
If you need Traffic Engineering then TE is the way to go. But, if all you need is fast convergence, consider simpler options!
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 38
• BGP Fast Reroute (BGP FRR)—enables BGP to use alternate paths within sub-seconds after a failure of the primary or active paths
• PIC or FRR dependent routing protocols (e.g. BGP) install backup paths
• Without backup paths
Convergence is driven from the routing protocols updating the RIB and FIB one prefix at a time - Convergence times directly proportional to the number of affected prefixes
• With backup paths
Paths in RIB/FIB available for immediate use
Predictable and constant convergence time independent of number of prefixes
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P
• Upon failure in the core, without Core PIC, convergence function of number of affected prefixes
• With PIC, convergence predictable and remains constant independent of the number of prefixes
Core
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
125
000
5000
0
7500
0
1000
00
1250
00
1500
00
1750
00
2000
00
2250
00
2500
00
2750
00
3000
00
3250
00
3500
00
Prefix
LoC
(ms)
PICno PIC
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
0
5000
0
1000
00
1500
00
2000
00
2500
00
3000
00
3500
00
4000
00
4500
00
5000
00
Prefix
msec
250k PIC250k no PIC500k PIC500k no PIC
§ Upon failure at the edge, without edge PIC, convergence function of number of affected prefixes
§ With PIC, convergence predictable and remains constant irrespective of the number of prefixes
PIC Core PIC Edge
Unified MPLS Functional Aspects OAM and PM
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• OAM benchmarks Set by TDM and existing WAN technologies
• Operational efficiency Reduce OPEX, avoid truck-rolls Downtime cost
• Management complexity Large Span Networks Multiple constituent networks belong to disparate organizations/companies
• Performance management Provides monitoring capabilities to ensure SLA compliance Enables proactive troubleshooting of network issues
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RNC/BSC/SAE CSG Mobile Transport GW Aggregation
MPLS VRF OAM
IPSLA Probe
NodeB
IPSLA Probe
IPSLA PM
IP OAM over inter domain LSP – RFC 6371,6374 & 6375
MPLS VCCV PW OAM
IPSLA Probe
IPSLA Probe IPSLA PM
VRF VRF
LTE, 3G IP UMTS, Transport
3G ATM UMTS, 2G TDM, Transport
End-to-end LSP With unified MPLS RFC6427, 6428 & 6435
CC / RDI (BFD) Fault OAM (LDI / AIS / LKR) On-demand CV and tracing (LSP Ping / Trace) Performance management (DM, LM)
Tran
spor
t OA
M
Serv
ice
OA
M
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Fixed Mobile Convergence
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Converged CE + Unified RAN
Unified RAN
Carrier Ethernet
Telcos (+ MSOs)
Typical Services: • Security • Business Ethernet • Triple Play • Wholesale Ethernet • Internet Access
Mobile Operators
Typical Services: • Mobile Internet • Wholesale RAN Backhaul
Value
Expand into CE services Leveraging Unified RAN
Expand into RAN services Leveraging Carrier Ethernet
Intelligent Converged
Network
Typical Services: • Security • Business Ethernet • Mobile Internet • Triple Play • Internet Access • RAN Backhaul
Converged Scenarios: Fixed/Mobile Infrastructure Wholesale Ethernet / RAN Backhaul Mobile Operator with Business Services
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 45 45
§ Types of network ‒ Mobile backhaul only ‒ Converged with other services
§ Types of mobile traffic ‒ 2G/3G ‒ 4G only ‒ 2G/3G/4G ‒ Small cell
§ Packet Core placements options ‒ Centralized ‒ Distributed
• Network architecture options MPLS access & aggregation L2 access & aggregation L2 access, MPLS aggregation L3 access & aggregation MPLS access & aggregation
• Network timing options GPS Sync. Ethernet PTP: 1588v2008 Hybrid
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Mobile Backhaul Bandwidth - Radio Behavior
Spectral Efficiencybps/Hz
Bandwidth, Hz
64QAM
16QAM
QPSK
cell average
Busy TimeMore averaging
UE1
UE2
UE3
: : :
Many UEs
Quiet TimeMore variation
UE1
64QAMCell average
UE1
bps/Hz
QPSKCell average
UE1
bps/Hz
Hz Hz
a) Many UEs / cell b) One UE with a good link c) One UE, weak link
§ BW is designed on per cell/sector, including each radio type § Busy time – averaged across all users § Quiet Time – one/two users (Utilize Peak bandwidth)
§ For multi-technology radio- sum of BW for each technology § Last mile bandwidth- Planned with Peak § Aggregation/Core – Planned with Meantime Average § Manage over subscription
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Cell Site
Access Layer
Aggregation Layer
GE Ring or Pt-to-Pt
BSC RNC
L3 MPLS VPN
L3 MPLS VPN
Option 1
Option 3
Option 2
10 GE or IPoDWDM
Access node
Aggregation
node Distribution
node
Core E-UTRAN
Ethernet uW
Option 5
E-LINE/E-LAN (L2VPN)
Option 4
Fibre
Backbone Layer
L3 MPLS VPN
L3 MPLS VPN
SGW
L2VPN
L2VPN E-LINE/E-LAN (L2VPN) L3 MPLS VPN
Mobile Backhaul Transport Architecture
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X2 inter base station interface SCTP/IP Signalling GTP tunnelling following handover
S1-c Base Station to MME interface Multi-homed to multiple MME pools SCTP/IP based
S11 MME to SAE GW GTP-c Version 2
S1-u Base Station to SAE GW GTP-u base micro mobility
SAE GW to PDN GW GTP or PMIP based macro mobility
SGW SGW
MME GW
MME GW
PDN GW
No longer Pt-to-Pt relationship with multipoint requirements
Network intelligence for advanced services and traffic manipulation
“X2” interface introduces direct communication between eNodeBs
Demarcation point between the radio and the Backhaul technology
Different traffic types with different transport requirements
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Converged Transport
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• IPoDWDM acts on the entire router interface as in the case of Transponders
• All IPoDWDM features leverage the OTN overhead and FEC which act on the entire router interface
OTN FEC Packet Packet
OTN FEC Packet Packet
DWDM controller
Data controller
Connection via External TXP
IPoDWDM
Summary
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Unified MPLS simplifies the transport and service architecture • Unified MPLS LSPs across network layers to any location in the network
• Flexible placement of L2 and L3 transport to concurrently support 2G,3G, and 4G services, as well as wholesale and wireline services.
• Service provisioning only required at the edge of the network
• Divide-and-conquer strategy of small IGP domains and labeled BGP LSPs helps scale the network to hundred of thousands of LTE cell sites
• Simplified carrier-class operations with end-to-end OAM, performance monitoring, and LFA FRR fast convergence protection
Thank you.