nguyen huy hoang k47ca m

8/3/2019 Nguyen Huy Hoang K47CA M

1/163

?I HC QUC GIA H NI

TRNG I HC CNG NGH

Nguyn Huy Hong

NGHIN CU V TH NGHIMH THNG WORKFLOW

KHA LUN TT NGHIP I HC H CHNH QUYNgnh: Cng ngh thng tin

H NI - 2006


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I HC QUC GIA H NITRNG I HC CNG NGH

Nguyn Huy Hong

NGHIN CU V TH NGHIMH THNG WORKFLOW

KHA LUN TT NGHIP I HC H CHNH QUYNgnh: Cng ngh thng tin

Cn b hng dn: TSKH. Nguyn Minh HiCn b ng hng dn: Nguyn Quc Hng

H NI - 2006


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LI CM N

Chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy gio TSKH. Nguyn

Minh Hi v thy gio Nguyn Quc Hng hc vin cng ngh

bu chnh vin thng tn tnh ch bo, gip chng em hon

thnh kha lun tt nghip ny.

Chng em xin cm n cc thy gio, c gio trong khoa Cng

Ngh Thng Tin, trng i hc cng ngh tn tnh dy d v

ch bo chng em trong sut thi gian hc tp trng

Xin cm n cc bn trong lp K47CA, s gp v gip ca

cc bn gip chng ti rt nhiu trong qu trnh thc hin

n ny.

Cui cng, xin t lng bit n mi ngi trong gia nh

gip v ng vin chng ti v mi mt.

H ni ngy 24 thng 5 nm 2006Sinh vin

Nguyn Huy Hong


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N TT NGHIP H THNG QUN L WORKFLOW

Tm tt ni dung

Ngy nay, vic ng dng cc thnh tu pht trin ca cng ngh thng tinvo cc lnh vc ca cuc sng ang ngy cng tr nn ph bin v em li nhiu

hiu qu to ln. Qun l Workflow l mt cng ngh ang pht trin nhanh v

ngy cng c khai thc bi cc hot ng nghip v trong nhiu ngnh cng

nghip khc nhau. c im c bn ca n l t ng ho tin trnh bao gm vic

kt hp cc hot ng ca ngi v my, c bit l cc tng tc lin quan ti

cc cng c v ng dng cng ngh thng tin. Mc d n c s dng ph bin

nht trong lnh vc nh bo him, ngn hng, lut php v qun l chung,

song n cng c th p dng cho mt vi lp cng vic ca cc ng dng cngnghip v sn xut

Mc tiu ca n n ny l nghin cu v th nghim h thng

qun l Workflow tun theo chun do hip hi qun l Workflow WFMC a ra.

Ni dung bao gm

- Gii thiu tng quan v Workflow, nh ngha Workflow l g, s pht

trin ca cc ng dng Workflow hin nay, cc yu cu cho vic chun ho.

- Gii thiu tng quan v m hnh tham chiu do WFMC xut v ccthnh phn ca n (5 giao din)

- Gii thiu v siu m hnh, ngn ng biu din Workflow v nh dng

XPDL

- Gii thiu cc hm API phc v cho vic triu gi ng dng ca

workflow.


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MC LC

TM TT NI DUNG...............................................................................................................................4

BNG CC T VIT TT.......................................................................................................................7

M U......................................................................................................................................................1

CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V WORKFLOW .................................................................................. .....3

1.1. KHI NIM WORKFLOW ..............................................................................................................31.1.1. Cc chc nng thi im xy dng ........................................................................................51.1.2. Cc iu khin tin trnh thi im thc thi ...........................................................................61.1.3. Cc hot ng tng tc thi im thc thi ...........................................................................61.1.4. S phn phi cng vic v cc giao din h thng ..................................................................7

1.2. MT S LNH VC NG DNG CA WORKFLOW ............................................................ ....81.2.1. X l nh ....................................................................................................................................81.2.2. Qun l ti liu ......................................................................................................................... .81.2.3. Th in t v th mc in t ..................................................................................................9

1.2.4. Workflow vi cc ng dng phn mm nhm ................................................................ ........ ...91.2.5. Workflow vi cc ng dng hng giao dch ............................................................................91.2.6. Phn mm h tr d n ......................................................................................................... ..101.2.7. BPR v cc cng c thit k h thng c cu trc ....................................................... ........ ...10

1.3. CC M HNH TRIN KHAI SN PHM ..................................................................................101.3.1. Cng c nh ngha tin trnh ..................................................................................................111.3.2. nh ngha tin trnh ......................................................................................................... ......111.3.3. Dch v Workflow enactment ...................................................................................................121.3.4. D liu gn kt v d liu ng dng ca Workflow ................................................................131.3.5. Danh sch cng vic - Worklist ...............................................................................................131.3.6. B qun l danh sch cng vic & giao din ngi dng .......................................................141.3.7. Cc hot ng gim st ...........................................................................................................151.3.8. Cc giao din chun v giao din nhng ...............................................................................15

1.4. CC TRNG HP TRIN KHAI KHC .................................................................... ......... .....151.5. CC YU CU CHUN HA ......................................................................................................19

CHNG 2. M HNH THAM CHIU WORKFLOW ............................................................... .......21

2.1. TNG QUAN V M HNH THAM CHIU ....................................................................... ........212.1.1. Tng quan v m hnh tham chiu ...........................................................................................212.1.2. M hnh tham chiu Workflow .................................................................................... ......... ...21

2.2. DCH V WORKFLOW ENACTMENT .......................................................................................222.2.1. Dch v Workflow Enactment l g ? .......................................................................................222.2.2. Workflow Engine ................................................................................................................. ....242.2.3. Dch v Enactment thun nht v khng thun nht ................................................ ........ ......252.2.4. Cc kiu d liu Workflow ............................................................................................... .......282.2.5. S trao i d liu ...................................................................................................................29

2.3. NH NGHA TIN TRNH ............................................................................................... ......... ..312.3.1. Cc cng c nh ngha tin trnh ....................................................................................... ....312.3.2. Giao din 1 - Trao i nh ngha Workflow .................................................................. ........322.3.3. Siu m hnh c bn: ...............................................................................................................33

2.4. CC CHC NNG CA WORKFLOW PHA KHCH ........................................................... ..352.4.1. Cc ng dng workflow pha khch ........................................................................................352.4.2. Giao din ng dng workflow pha khch ...............................................................................37

2.5. CC CHC NNG TRIU GI NG DNG ..................................................................... ........412.5.1. Triu gi ng dng trong h thng Workflow ........................................................................41

2.6. CHC NNG GIAO TIP M ......................................................................................................462.6.1. Scenario 1 Lin kt ring r (dng chui) ............................................................................462.6.2. Scenario 2 Lin kt theo trt t (cc tin trnh con lng vo nhau) .....................................47

2.6.3. Scenario 3 Lin kt thnh mt khi (Peer to Peer) ...................................................... ........472.6.4. Scenario 4 Lin kt ng b ha song song ....................................................................... ..492.6.5. Cc hm WAPI giao tip ...................................................................................................... ...50


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KHA LUN TT NGHIP H THNG QUN L WORKFLOW

2.7. CC CHC NNG QUN TR V GIM ST ..........................................................................532.7.1. Giao din qun tr v gim st ................................................................................................53

CHNG 3. GIAO DIN NH NGHA TIN TRNH .................................................................... ..56

1.1. SIU M HNH ............................................................................................................... ........ .......561.1.1. Cc thc th trong siu m hnh ............................................................................................57

1.1.2. Tin trnh v gi ............................................................................................................... .......601.1.3. Siu m hnh tin trnh ...........................................................................................................601.1.4. Siu m hnh gi ..................................................................................................................... .611.1.5. Gii thiu v cc thnh phn trong siu m hnh ....................................................................62

1.2. BIU DIN NH NGHA WORKFLOW NH DNG XPDL .................................. ........ ....651.2.1. Cc thnh phn chung .............................................................................................................661.2.2. nh ngha gi ...................................................................................................................... ...711.2.3. Khai bo ng dng Workflow ..................................................................................................801.2.4. nh ngha tin trnh Workflow ...............................................................................................811.2.5. Hnh vi ca tin trnh Workflow .................................................................................... .......891.2.6. Thng tin chuyn tip gia cc hnh vi .................................................................................1051.2.7. Thnh phn tham gia Worflow ..............................................................................................1091.2.8. D liu lin quan n Workflow ............................................................................................112

1.2.9. Cc kiu d liu .....................................................................................................................114CHNG 4. GIAO DIN LP TRNH NG DNG WORKFLOW - WAPI ................... ......... ....124

4.1. CCKIUDLIU WAPI .................................................................................................................. .1251.3. MLITRVCACCHM WAPI ...................................................................................................1331.4. WAPI CHOCCKTNI.....................................................................................................................1371.5. WAPI CHOCCIUKHINTINTRNH................................................................................................1381.6. WAPI CHOCCIUKHINHNHVI....................................................................................................1471.7. WAPI TRUYVNCCBNSAOTINTRNH........................................................................................... 1511.8. WAPI TRUYVNCCBNSAOHNHVI...............................................................................................153

KT LUN..............................................................................................................................................155

TI LIU THAM KHO......................................................................................................................156

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BNG CC T VIT TT

Vit tt Vit y NghaBPR Business Process Re-engineering Ti t chc tin trnh nghip vIT Information Technology Cng ngh thng tin

WAPI Workflow Application ProgramingInterface

Giao din lp trnh ng dngWorkflow

WFMC Workflow Management Coalition T chc qun l WorkflowXML eXtensible Markup Language Ngn ng nh du m rngXPDL XML Process Definition Language Ngn ng nh ngha tin trnh

da trn XML


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M U

Xut pht t t duy tin trnh (Process thingking). thi k x hi nguynthy, con ngi tn ti theo hnh thc t cung t cp. Trong x hi mi ngi

u t mnh tm kim c hi sinh tn cho mnh theo mt cch ring, tc l lo t

u n cui tng hnh ng u tranh vi thin nhin, x hi theo mt quy

trnh no . Nu quy trnh ph hp vi iu kin sng th kh nng sinh tn

ca c th s ln hn v ngc li nu n khng ph hp th mi e da b o

thi s tng ln. Nhng quy trnh nh vy c hnh thnh qua nm thng nh

kinh nghim tch ly c t chnh vic u tranh sinh tn v c truyn li cho

th h sau mt cch v thc. Khi x hi loi ngi pht trin th nhu cu ca tngc th cng khng ngng tng ln. Hnh thc t cung t cp khng cn p ng

c nhu cu x hi do nng xut km. T bt u ny sinh chuyn mn ha

lao ng trong cc cng ng, in hnh l trong x hi phong kin. X hi bt

u xut hin nhng cng ng chuyn to ra nhng loi sn phm vt cht ring

bit v bo m cuc sng h trao i cc sn phm vi nhau theo hnh

thc hng i hng. T ngoi cc quy trnh c ci tin nng cao

nng sut trong vic sn sut sn phm vt cht th cng bt u xut hin cc

quy trnh trong trao i hng... Trong thi k cng nghip vic chuyn mnha su sc hn dn n s hnh thnh ca nhng chuyn mn hp cng vi

nhng quy trnh mang tnh k nng. Mt mt nhng quy trnh nh vy to nn

nng sut lao ng rt cao trong tng hot ng ring l nhng mt khc n cng

lm m nht cch nhn ton din do tnh cc b v c ch quan liu sinh ra trong

qu trnh chuyn mn ha. Nht l trong tin trnh hi nhp ton cu, mt doanh

nghip khng th tn ti c lp vi cc doanh nghip khc nh mt c o hay

mt c th ca x hi nguyn thy. iu khin ngi ta cn quay tr li vi t

duy ton cc, tc l t duy tin trnh nhm khc phc hin tng quan liu angng tr. Con ngi li c nhu cu tr v vi hnh thc t duy nguyen thy nhng

vng lp cao hn trong lch s pht trin ca mnh. Cng ngh Workflow l th

hin ca t duy tin trnh trong thi k mi.

Nguyn nhn th hai thc y s pht trin ca cng ngh Workflow l xu

hng nhn cch ha cc ng dng ca cng ngh thng tin. Nu nh trc

y cc ng dng c xy dng nhm gii quyt mt vn c th khp kn th

ngy nay ngi ta mun cc ng dng c th trao i vi nhau cng gii

quyt nhng vn c ni dung, kch thc, logic rng hn. T i hi phito nn mt mi trng cho php cc ng dng c th trao i, phi hp vi


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KHA LUN TT NGHIP H THNG QUN L WORKFLOW

nhau cng p ng yu cu chung. Cng ngh Workflow chnh l mt mi

trng nh vy.

Nguyn nhn th ba xut pht t thc tin cng ngh. Cc ng dng c

xy dng trn nhng cng ngh nn khc nhau. Bi vy cc ng dng ang vn

hnh l khng thun nht v phn tn theo a l. Vic tch hp chng to

thnh nhng h thng ln hn l mt vic kh, tn km nu nh khng mun ni

l khng kh thi. Hn na logic nghip v lun thay i. Bi vy ngi ta mun

tch logic nghip v ra khi cc ng dng nhm cung cp thm kh nng mm

do ca h thng trc nhng yu cu thay i logic nghip v m khng lm

thay i cu trc bn trong ca tng ng dng. Vic qun l ngi dng bao gm

xc nh k nng ca tng ngi tham gia vo tin trnh, phn cng cng vic,

cung cp cng c... cng l mt kha cnh rt quan trng khi cp ti t duy

tin trnh. V mt k thut, cng ngh Workflow hnh thnh s cho php gii

quyt mi vn cng ngh nh k trn. Bi vy phn bit cng ngh

Workflow vi phng php lp trnh truyn thng ngi ta thng dng hai cm

t Programming in the large v Programming in the small mt cch tng

ng.

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CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V WORKFLOW

1.1.KHI NIM WORKFLOWCng ngh Workflow lin quan ti vic t ng ho cc th tc nghip v trong

cc ti liu, thng tin hay cc nhim v c lun chuyn gia cc thnh vin tham

gia theo tp hp nhng quy tc xc nh trc t c mc ch nghip v chung.

Mc d Workflow c th c t chc th cng, nhng thng thng hu ht

Workflow c t chc trong ng cnh ca mt h thng IT nhm s dng s h tr

ca my tnh trong vic t ng ha th tc nghip v.

nh ngha Workflow:

L tin ch hay vic t ng ho bng my tnh mt phn hoc ton b tin trnh

nghip v

Workflow thng gn lin vi BPR (Business Process Re-engineering - t chc

li tin trnh nghip v)- l cng vic lin quan ti vic phn cng cng vic, phn

tch, m hnh ho, nh ngha v sau thc thi cc thao tc ca tin trnh nghip v

ct li trong mt t chc (hay thc th nghip v khc). Mc d khng phi tt c cc

hot ng ca BPR to nn qu trnh thc thi Workflow, cng ngh Workflow l mtgii php thch hp v n tch logic th tc nghip v khi h tr thc thi bi IT v v

vy cho php s thay i sau ny c chuyn vo cc quy tc th tc dng nh

ngha tin trnh nghip v. Ngc li, khng phi ton b vic trin khai Workflow

nht thit tr thnh mt phn ca mt BPR. V d t ng ho mt th tc nghip v

ang tn ti.

H thng qun l Workflow l mt h thng nhm t ng ho tin trnh nghip

v bng vic qun l mt dy cc hot ng ng thi huy ng cc ngun ti nguyn

IT hoc con ngi cn thit tng ng vi cc bc hot ng khc nhau.

nh ngha - H thng qun l Workflow

L h thng cho php nh ngha, qun l v thc hin mt cch hon thin cc

Workflow bng phn mm trong trnh t thc hin c iu khin bi my

tnh theo biu din logic ca Workflow.

Mt tin trnh nghip v ring r c th c chu k sng tnh theo pht hay ngy

thm ch tnh theo thng, ph thuc vo s phc tp ca tin trnh v khong thi gian


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ca cc hot ng cu thnh khc nhau. Cc h thng nh vy c th c ci t theo

cc cch khc nhau, s dng h tng phong ph ca IT v truyn thng, v hot ng

trong mt mi trng t nhm cng vic nh ti cc cng vic lin quan n nhiu

doanh nghip.

Mc d a dng song cc h thng WFM u c nhng c trng chung to

thnh c s cho pht trin kh nng tch hp v tng tc gia cc sn phm khc

nhau. M hnh tham chiu m t m hnh chung cho vic xy dng cc h thng

Workflow v xc nh xem n lin quan n cc cch tip cn ci t khc nhau nh

th no.

Ti mc cao nht, tt c cc h thng WFM c th c c trng bi s h tr

cho 3 vng chc nng:

Cc chc nng thi im xy dng (build time) lin quan n vic nh ngha

v kh nng m hnh ho tin trnh Workflow v cc hot ng cu thnh n.

Cc chc nng iu khin thi gian thc hin (run-time) lin quan vi vic

qun l cc tin trnh Workflow trong mt mi trng vn hnh v sp xp cc

hot ng khc nhau cn thc hin nh mt phn ca mi tin trnh.

Cc tng tc thi gian thc hin vi ngi s dng v vi cc ng dng IT

x l cc bc hot ng khc nhau.


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Hnh I -1 m t cc c trng c bn ca cc h thng WFM v cc mi quan h

gia cc chc nng chnh

Cc cng c phn tch, m hnh hov nh ngha tin trnh kinh doanh

nh nghatin trnh

Dchv workflow Enactment

Cc cng c ng dngv cc cng c IT

Thit k v nh ngha tin trnh

Thi im xy dng

Thi im thc thi

Ci t v iu khin tin trnh

Tng tc vi ngi dng vcc cng c ng dng

Hnh 1-1 c trng ca h thng Workflow

1.1.1. Cc chc nng thi im xy dng

Cc chc nng thi im xy dng l cc chc nng sinh ra nh ngha trn ngn

ng my tnh ca mt tin trnh nghip v. Trong sut thi gian ny, mt tin trnh

nghip v c thng dch t th gii thc sang nh ngha hnh thc m my tnh c

th x l c nh s dng cc k thut phn tch, m hnh ho v nh ngha h

thng. nh ngha nhn c i khi c gi l m hnh tin trnh, khun mu tintrnh, siu d liu tin trnh hoc mt nh ngha tin trnh. Trong ti liu ny thut

ng nh ngha tin trnh s c s dng.

nh ngha - nh ngha tin trnh

L biu din my tnh ha mt tin trnh bao gm cc nh ngha hng dn v

cc nh ngha Workflow

Thng thng, mt nh ngha tin trnh bao gm mt s bc hot ng ri rc

gn vi my tnh hay con ngi v cc quy tc gim st s tin trin ca tin trnh qua


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cc bc hot ng khc nhau. nh ngha tin trnh c th c th c th hin di

cc dng sau:

dng vn bn

dng ho

dng k php ca mt ngn ng hnh thc

Mt vi h thng Workflow c c ch cho php la chn ng cc nh ngha

tin trnh t mi trng hot ng lc thc hin nh c ch ra bi mi tn phn hi

trong hnh 1-1.

1.1.2. Cc iu khin tin trnh thi im thc thi

Ti thi im thc hin, nh ngha tin trnh c thng dch bi phn mm.Phn mm ny chu trch nhim to ra v iu khin cc bn sao thc hin ca tin

trnh, lp lch cc bc hot ng khc nhau trong tin trnh v gi ngun ti nguyn

ng dng IT v con ngi ph hp. Cc chc nng iu khin ny ng vai tr mi

lin kt gia tin trnh nh c m hnh ha trong nh ngha tin trnh v tin trnh

trong th gii thc c th hin qua cc tng tc thi gian thc hin ca ngi dng

v cc cng c ng dng IT. Thnh phn chnh l mt phn mm iu khin qun l

Workflow c s (hay engine) lm nhim v to ra v xo b tin trnh, gim st hot

ng lp lch biu trong qu trnh vn hnh v s tng tc vi cc cng c ng dnghoc cc ti nguyn con ngi. Thng thng, phn mm ny c ci t phn tn

trn mt s nn my tnh bo m h tr c cc tin trnh hot ng trn nhng

vng a l rng.

1.1.3. Cc hot ng tng tc thi im thc thi

Cc hot ng ring l trong mt tin trnh Workflow thng lin quan ti cc

thao tc ca con ngi gn vi vic s dng mt cng c IT c th (v d nh nhp

thng tin vo mt form) hoc thao tc x l thng tin nh mt chng trnh ng dngtc ng n cc thng tin c xc nh (V d cp nht mt bn ghi mi vo c

s d liu n hng). Tng tc vi phn mm iu khin tin trnh l cn thit

chuyn iu khin gia cc hot ng, xc nh trng thi hot ng ca tin trnh,

triu gi cc cng c ng dng v d liu ph hp... S rt c li khi c c cc

khun mu chun ha h tr loi tng tc ny, bao gm vic s dng cc giao

din ph hp cho nhiu h thng Workflow v pht trin cc cng c ng dng chung

c th hot ng trong cc sn phm Workflow khc nhau.


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1.1.4. S phn phi cng vic v cc giao din h thng

Kh nng phn phi nhim v v thng tin gia nhng thnh vin tham gia l c

im khc bit chnh ca h tng c s thi im thc hin Workflow. Chc nng

phn phi c th hot ng ti nhiu mc ph thuc vo phm vi ca Workflow; chc

nng ny c th dng cc c ch truyn thng rt phong ph (th in t, truyn thng

ip, cng nghip i tng phn tn,). Mt khung nhn mc trn cng ca kin

trc Workflow nhn mnh ti kha cnh phn phi c ch trong hnh 1-2.

Dch v Workflow enactment c xem nh chc nng h tng c s vi cc

giao din vi ngi dng v cc ng dng phn tn trn ton b phm vi ca

Workflow. Mi giao din l mt im tch hp tim nng gia dch v Workflow

enactment vi cc thnh phn ng dng hoc h tng c s khc.

ng dng C s d liu

Giao din ngi dng vcc ng dng cc b

Tin trnh/Hot ng Mgt

Chc nng phn tn

Hot ng ring l

Cc bc

Hnh 1-2 S phn phi trong dch v Workflow enactment

Lung cng vic c th bao gm vic chuyn i cc nhim v gia cc sn

phm Workflow ca cc nh cung cp khc nhau cho php cc phn khc nhau ca

tin trnh nghip v c trin khai trn cc nn hoc cc mng con khc nhau, s

dng cc sn phm c th ph hp vi giai on tng ng ca tin trnh. Trong kch

bn ny lung cng vic ti trung tm c trao i gia hai hoc nhiu sn phm

Workflow. Cc chun h tr cho vic chuyn iu khin Workflow cho php pht


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trin cc ng dng Workflow vi mt vi sn phm Workflow khc nhau cng hot

ng nh mt thc th logic n.

Ton b cc giao din bao gm:

Cc c t d liu nh ngha tin trnh v s trao i ca chng.

Cc giao din h tr tng tc vi cc chc nng c bn ca giao din ngi

dng

Cc giao din h tr tng tc vi cc loi ng dng IT a dng.

Cc giao din h tr kh nng tng tc gia cc h thng Workflow khc

nhau.

Cc giao din cung cp cc chc nng qun tr gim st h thng cng nh

cc metric tin li cho vic qun l mi trng ng dng Workflow tng hp.

1.2.MT S LNH VC NG DNG CA WORKFLOW

Trong nhng nm gn y c nhiu loi sn phm trn th trng IT h tr

cc chc nng ca Workflow song gn y tm quan trng ca n mi c nhn nhn

y . S tin ha ca Workflow nh mt cng ngh c th gp trong mt s ccvng sn phm khc nhau.

1.2.1. X l nh

Workflow c kt hp cht ch vi cc h thng x l nh v nhiu h thng

x l nh c kh nng Workflow, hoc di dng built-in hoc kt hp vi mt sn

phm Workflow chuyn dng. Nhiu th tc nghip v i hi phi tng tc vi

thng tin giy t v cn thu thp chng di dng d liu nh. Qu trnh to thnh

mt phn ca c tin trnh t ng ho. Mi khi cc thng tin trn giy c thu thp

di dng d liu nh in t chng c th c trao i gia mt s ngi tham gia

khc nhau cho cc mc ch khc nhau trong tin trnh v c th c vi cc ng dng

IT khc, do vy to ra mt nhu cu phi c cc chc nng ca Workflow.

1.2.2. Qun l ti liu

Cng ngh qun l ti liu gn vi vic qun l vng i ca cc ti liu in t.

Cng ngh ny bao gm cc tin ch qun l cc kho lu tr ti liu phn tn bn

trong mt t chc nh mt ti nguyn dng chung v cc tin ch pht tn ti liu

(thm ch nhng phn ring r ca ti liu) ti tng c nhn tng ng vi vai tr ca


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h trong quan h vi tng ti liu c th phc v cho vic truy cp hoc cp nht thng

tin. Cc ti liu to thnh mt phn ca th tc nghip v p ng nhu cu truy cp ti

ti liu ca tng nhn vin thc hin cc hot ng ring r theo mt trnh t c th

c quy nh trong cc quy tc hnh chnh. chnh l dng Workflow hng ti

liu.

1.2.3. Th in t v th mc in t

Th in t cung cp cc phng tin mnh cho vic phn phi thng tin gia

cc c nhn trong mt t chc hoc gia cc t chc. Vic s dng cc c ch th mc

khng ch cung cp mt cch xc nh cc c nhn tham gia trong lnh vc email

m cn c tim nng ghi nhn cc thng tin v cc thuc tnh ngi dng nh vai tr

trong t chc hoc cc thuc tnh khc lin quan ti cc th tc nghip v. Do vy, h

thng th iu t t thn hng ti cc chc nng Workflow bng cch thm vocc lnh nh tuyn xc nh mt chui cc ngi nhn i vi cc kiu th in t

c th theo mt s th tc nghip v c xc nh trc.

1.2.4. Workflow vi cc ng dng phn mm nhm

Nn cng nghip phn mm nhm to nn mt lnh vc rng ln cc phn

mm ng dng c thit k h tr v nng cao tnh tng tc gia cc thnh vin

trong nhm. Ban u cc ng dng ny h tr ci thin cch lm vic nhm theo cc

tin trnh khng hnh thc nh truy cp vo cc bn tin nhm hay cc ng dng lplch biu hng ngy mt cch ty tin. Khi phm vi ca cc ng dng chuyn dch v

pha cc nghip v hnh thc hn tp trung vo cc mi tng tc nhm th bt u

ny sinh cc yu cu trang b cc khun dng hnh thc gim st c h tr cho

vic s dng cc ng dng phn mm nhm. Cng ngh Workflow cung cp mt gii

php cho nhu cu ny

1.2.5. Workflow vi cc ng dng hng giao dch

Trong nhiu nm qua cc ng dng h tr cc th tc nghip v (giao dch) c pht trin vi vic s dng cc b gim st giao dch v/hoc cc phn mm

qun l c s d liu. T cch lm vic tp trung ha u tin, cc phn mm ng

dng nh vy cho php phn tn cc ng dng hng giao dch trn cc nn my

tnh khc nhau. Cc ng dng hng giao dch th hin nhng c trng quan trng

v tnh bn vng v cng h tr nhiu tnh cht ca giao dch. Tuy nhin hu nh

chng khng a ra s tch bit gia logic th tc nghip v v s triu gi cc cng

c ng dng khc nhau p ng cc yu cu h tr cho cc hot ng ring l trong

tin trnh nghip v. Theo thi gian iu ny dn n yu cu hp nht cc kh nng


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ca Workflow iu khin cc th tc nghip v vi kh nng triu gi cc chng

trnh ng dng giao dch truyn thng cho cc phn thch hp ca tin trnh nghip v

cng nh cc loi chng trnh ng dng khc (nh word) cho cc phn cn li ca

tin trnh nghip v.

1.2.6. Phn mm h tr d n

Phn mm gim st s pht trin d n ng dng IT phc tp thng c mt

dng chc nng ca Workflow trong mi trng d n trao i cc nhim v

gia cc c nhn v nh tuyn thng tin gia h h tr cc nhim v . Trong mt

vi trng hp cc loi phn mm ny c tng qut ha cung cp khung nhn

hng nghip v rng hn v tin trnh cng nh m rng min cng c ng dng -

tc l a ra kh nng Workflow tng qut hn.

1.2.7. BPR v cc cng c thit k h thng c cu trc

BPR (Business Process ReEngineering) l cng c IT cung cp h tr cho cc

hot ng phn tch, m hnh ho, v nh ngha li cc tin trnh nghip v ct li ca

mt t chc. Cc nh hng tim n ca s thay i trong cc tin trnh hay cc vai tr

v trch nhim t chc gn vi cc tin trnh nh vy. y c th bao gm vic phn

tch cu trc tin trnh v cc lung thng tin h tr n, cc vai tr ca cc c nhn hay

n v t chc trong tin trnh v cc hnh ng cn thc hin p ng vi cc tnh

hung khc nhau... S m rng t nhin ca cc cng c to ra s thun tin chovic trin khai tin trnh vi h tng h tr ca IT iu khin cc lung ca cng

vic v cc hnh ng gn kt bn trong tin trnh nghip v.

1.3.CC M HNH TRIN KHAI SN PHM

Mc d cc sn phm Workflow rt phong ph nhng vic xy dng m hnh ci

t tng qut ca h thng Workflow so vi cc sn phm c mt trn th trng l

c tnh kh thi. M hnh nh vy s to nn mt nn tng chung cho vic pht trin cc

knh bn interoperability.

Cch tip cn ny xc nh cc thnh phn chc nng chnh trong mt h thng

Workflow v cc giao din gia chng nh mt m hnh tru tng. Ngi ta nhn

thy rng rt nhiu dng ci t c th khc nhau ca m hnh ny ang tn ti v v

vy cc giao din c th c trin khai trn nhiu nn v nhiu cng ngh c s. Hn

na khng phi mi nh cung cp u c th la chn trin khai mi giao din gia

cc cu phn chc nng trong m hnh. iu ny s c cp n trong phn c t


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v mc thun tin dng xc nh cc chc nng interworking c th vi nhng

giao din m cho vic tch hp nhiu nh cung cp.

Cc cu phn chc nng chnh ca mt h thng Workflow chung c minh

ho trong Hnh 1-3

M hnh chung c 3 loi thnh phn:

Cc thnh phn phn mm h tr cho cc chc nng khc nhau trong h thng

Workflow (hnh bi mu thm).

Cc loi nh ngha h thng v d liu iu khin khc nhau (hnh bi mu

nht) c s dng bi mt hay nhiu cu phn phn mm.

Cc ng dng v c s d liu ng dng (mu sng) khng phi l mt phnca sn phm Workflow nhng chng c th c triu gi bi mt b phn

ca h thng Workflow.

Vai tr ca cc cu phn chc nng chnh trong h thng ny c m t di y:

1.3.1. Cng c nh ngha tin trnh

Cng c ny c dng to ra nh ngha tin trnh trong mt khun dng c

th x l trn my tnh. Cng c ny c th da trn mt ngn ng nh ngha tintrnh hnh thc, mt m hnh quan h i tng, hoc trong cc h thng n gin hn

l mt kch bn hay mt tp hp cc lnh nh tuyn trao i thng tin gia nhng

ngi dng tham gia. Cng c nh ngha c th c cung cp nh mt sn phm ca

Workflow chuyn bit hoc c th l mt phn ca sn phm phn tch tin trnh

nghip v c thm cc cu phn khc phn tch hoc m hnh ha cc hot ng

nghip v. Trong trng hp th hai chng ta cn phi c mt khun dng trao i

thch hp chuyn cc nh ngha tin trnh ti/t phn mm Workflow lc thi im

thc hin.

1.3.2. nh ngha tin trnh

nh ngha tin trnh bao gm tt c cc thng tin cn thit v tin trnh phn

mm thc thi Workflow khai thc c n. nh ngha ny bao gm cc thng tin v

vic bt u v cc iu kin bt u v kt thc Workflow, cc hot ng thnh phn

v cc quy tc iu hng gia chng, cc nhim v ca ngi dng phi m nhim,

cc tham chiu ti cc ng dng cn triu gi, nh ngha ca mi liu gn kt vi

Workflow cn tham chiu ti


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nh ngha tin trnh c th tham chiu n m hnh t chc/vai tr, cha cc

thng tin lin quan n cu trc t chc v cc vai tr trong t chc. iu ny cho

php nh ngha tin trnh c c t theo thut ng cc thc th t chc v cc chc

nng ca tng vai tr gn vi tng hot ng c th ch khng phi l nhng ngi

tham gia xc nh. Dch v Workflow enactment sau c trch nhim lin kt ccthc th hay vai tr ca t chc vi nhng ngi tham gia c th trong mi trng

Workflow ti thi im thc hin.

Hnh 1-3 Cu trc sn phm Workflow chung

1.3.3. Dch v Workflow enactment

Phn mm Workflow enactment thng dch tin trnh v iu khin s khi to

ca cc tin trnh v trnh t cc hot ng bng vic thm cc mc cng vic vo

danh sch cng vic ca ngi dng v triu gi cc ng dng khi cn thit. iu ny


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c thc hin nh 1 hoc nhiu engine qun l Workflow cng hot ng song song

qun l vic khai thc cc bn sao ring r ca cc tin trnh khc nhau. Dch v

Workflow enactment cp nht cc d liu iu khin bn trong theo phng thc tp

trung hoc phn tn xuyn sut tp hp cc Workflow engine. Cc d liu iu khin

Workflow bao gm thng tin trng thi bn trong ca cc tin trnh v cc bn sao cahnh ng ang c khai thc v c th cng bao gm thng tin checkpointing v

recovery/restart Workflow engines phi hp hot ng hoc khi phc li tin trnh

trong trng hp xy ra s c.

nh ngha tin trnh cng vi d liu gn kt vi Workflow thi im thc hin

c dng iu khin vic iu hng cc bc hot ng khc nhau trong tin

trnh nh cung cp thng tin v iu kin khi u hoc kt thc cho mi hot ng

ring l, la chn vic thc hin tun t hoc song song cho cc hot ng khc nhau,

nhim v ca ngi dng hay cc ng dng IT gn kt vi mi hot ng iu ny

i hi vic truy cp cc d liu ca m hnh t chc/vai tr nu nh trong nh ngha

tin trnh c cha cc cu trc lin quan ti cc thc th t chc.

Workflow engine cng bao gm mt vi cch triu gi cng c ng dng kch

hot ng dng cn thit cho vic khai thc cc hot ng ring bit. C nhiu cch

tng qut ha cc c ch nh vy. Mt vi h thng n gin c th ch h tr cng c

c nh n l nh cc b son tho ti liu trong khi nhng h thng khc cung

cp cc phng php triu gi nhiu cng c a dng k c cc cng c cc b lncng c xa.

1.3.4. D liu gn kt v d liu ng dng ca Workflow

Cc quyt nh iu hng tin trnh hay cc hot ng iu khin khc trong

Workflow engine da trn d liu do chng trnh ng dng Workflow sinh ra. Nhng

d liu l truy nhp c i vi workfow engine v c gi l d liu gn kt

vi Workflow (hoc case data). y l dng d liu duy nht m Workflow engine

truy cp c. D liu ng dng ca Workflow c x l trc tip v ch bi cc ngdng c triu gi; mc d vy cc Workflow engine c th m trch vic trao i

d liu gia cc ng dng (nu cn thit) khi cc ng dng khc nhau c triu gi

ti cc im hot ng khc nhau trong tin trnh Workflow.

1.3.5. Danh sch cng vic - Worklist

Trong qu trnh khai thc tin trnh nu cn tng tc vi ngi dng cc

Workflow engine t cc khon mc vo danh sch cng vic thng bo cho b

qun l danh sch cng vic. B qun l danh sch cng vic ny s qun l nhng


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tng tc vi ngi tham gia vo Workflow. Tin trnh l n i vi nhng ngi

tham gia Workflow khi danh sch cng vic c cp nht bn trong phn mm

Workflow v ngi dng s tun t nhn c yu cu thc hin cng vic tip theo.

Trong cc h thng khc danh sch cng vic c th nhn thy c i vi ngi

dng chu trch nhim la chn nhng khon mc ring bit t danh sch v tin hnhgii quyt chng mt cch c lp v khi danh sch cng vic dng ch ra nhng

cng vic hon thnh.

1.3.6. B qun l danh sch cng vic & giao din ngi dng

B qun l danh sch cng vic l mt cu phn phn mm dng qun l

tng tc gia nhng ngi tham gia trong Workflow v dch v Workflow

enactment. N chu trch nhim thc y cc cng vic cn c s tham gia ca ngi

dng v tng tc vi phn mm Workflow enactment thng qua danh sch cng vic.Trong mt vi h thng b qun l danh sch cng vic kh n gin v ging nh

mt ng dng desktop cung cp mt khay ng n gin cc khon mc cng vic

mi cn ngi dng gii quyt. Trong nhng h thng khc b qun l danh sch cng

vic c th phc tp hn nhiu p ng cc nhim v b sung nh gim st vic

phn b cng vic gia nhm ngi dng nhm h tr cn i hoc phn cng li

cng vic trong nhm. Cng thm vo cc chc nng qun l danh sch cng vic, cc

Workflow engine cn h tr mt vng rng hn cc tng tc vi cc ng dng khch

bao gm vic ng nhp v thot ra ca ngi tham gia Workflow, vic yu cu khito bn sao ca cc loi tin trnh c th, yu cu cc mc cng vic xp hng ch

ngi tham gia c th... Trong m hnh tham chiu thut ng Workflow client

application (ng dng khch Workflow) thng c s dng hn l b qun l danh

sch cng vic nhm phn nh vng s dng tim nng rng hn ni trn bao gm c

cc chc nng iu khin tin trnh cng nh x l danh sch cng vic.

Trong biu , giao din ngi dng c ch ra nh mt cu phn phn mm

ring r chu trch nhim cho vic kim tra v gim st s giao tip ca ngi dng v

iu khin cc giao din cc b vi ngi dng. Trong mt s h thng giao din

ngi dng c th c kt hp vi b iu khin danh sch cng vic to thnh mt

thc th chc nng n. Ngi ta mong mun rng mt vi ng dng khch s tng

tc vi vi dch v Workflow khc nhau cho php cc khon mc cng vic t cc

dch v ny c hp nht vo trong mt danh sch nhim v thng nht chuyn giao

cho ngi tham gia theo mt giao din ngi dng chung.

Vic triu gi cc ng dng cc b c th cn thit h tr cho ngi dng

trong cc nhim v c th do h m nhim. Vic ny c th do b qun l danh sch


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cng vic m nhn ti thi im chuyn giao khon mc cng vic cho ngi dng

hoc do ngi dng ch ng ti nhng ng dng h tr ph hp thng qua vic s

dng cc tin ch sn c ca phn mm giao din ngi dng. C mt s khc bit

gia vic triu gi ng dng qua giao din b qun l danh sch cng vic/ngi dng

(Workflow engine c th khng gim st trc tip v c th khng nhn thy n) vvic triu gi cc ng dng trc tip thng qua phn mm Workflow enactment.

1.3.7. Cc hot ng gim st

Thng thng mt h thng Workflow c trang b mt s chc nng gim st

Cc chc nng ny c cp cho mt s my trm hoc ngi dng c th cho php

h (ngi gim st) thay i cc quy tc phn phi cng vic, xc nh nhng ngi

tham gia vi vai tr trong t chc c th trong mt tin trnh, theo di cc cnh bo i

vi vic chm tin hoc cc s kin khc, theo di vt ca mt tin trnh c th, hicc thng tin v lu lng cng vic hoc cc thng k khc. Khi m cc Workflow

engine phn tn c s dng c th cn c nhng lnh c bit chuyn cc thao

tc iu khin hoc cc p ng gia cc Workflow engine nhm to ra mt giao din

qun l duy nht.

1.3.8. Cc giao din chun v giao din nhng

Mc d phn ln cc sn phm Workflow tun th cu trc nh trn nhng

khng phi mi cc sn phm u a ra cc giao din chun gia cc cu phn chcnng h thng ring l khc nhau. C nhng sn phm gp mt vi cu phn chc

nng vi nhau nh mt thc th logic n l vi cc giao din n bn trong cu phn

phn mm v khng cho php hng th 3 s dng. i vi mi giao din, c t ca

WFMC s xc nh vai tr ca giao din ny p ng yu cu tng tc sao cho cc

sn phm ring bit c th tng tc c vi nhau. (V d mt sn phm c th c th

cung cp mt giao din chun x l danh sch cng vic nhng khng cung cp

giao din trao i nh ngha tin trnh).

1.4.CC TRNG HP TRIN KHAI KHC

M hnh cu trc ca sn phm Workflow tng qut xc nh mt lot cc cu

phn phn mm v cc giao din. Trong mi sn phm c ci t c th cu trc ny

c th c th hin theo nhiu cch khc nhau. y l yu t quan trng phn bit

cc sn phm. Nhng nhn t chnh phn bit cc sn phm bao gm s la chn

nn tng v c s h tng mng cng nh cc chc nng tha hng ca bn thn

phn mm Workflow. Phn ny minh ho lm th no m hnh tng qut i mt vi


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tnh a dng ca cch tip cn ci t trong khi vn gi li tnh hin ca cc giao din

vic tng tc gia cc sn phm ca cc nh cung cp khc nhau tr nn d dng

hn.

Cc vn chnh c xem xt y l:

Dch v Workflow enactment tp trung hay phn tn.

C ch nh v v phn phi b qun l danh sch cng vic.

Phn mm Workflow enactment

Phn mm Workflow enactment bao gm mt hoc nhiu Workflow engine c

nhim v qun l ton b hay mt phn qu trnh khai thc cc bn sao tin trnh ring

l. Phn mm ny c th c to lp nh mt h thng tp trung vi mt Workflowengine n l chu trch nhim qun l ton b vic khai thc tin trnh. N cng c

th c to lp nh mt h thng phn tn trong mt vi engine cng hot ng,

mi engine qun l tng phn ca ton b vic khai thc.

D liuiukhin

workflow

WFM

EngineWFMEngine

WFMEngine

Worklist

Worklist

B-M hnh phn tn

D liuiu khinWorkflow

WFMEngine

Work List

Application(s)

Cc bhay t xa

(Ngi quanst)

nh nghatin trnh

Gi

A M hnh tp trung

Hnh 1-4 Ranh gii dch v Workflow enactment chun


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Trong kch bn trn hai dch v Workflow u c nhng tnh cht chung ti ranh

gii nhng tun theo cc kin trc ci t bn trong khc nhau vi cc c trng ph

thuc sn phm.

Khi mt vi Workflow engine cng phi hp khai thc mt bn sao tin trnh,cc engine phi truy cp c ti d liu iu khin gn kt vi bn sao y. D liu

iu khin Workflow c th c phn phi cho cc engine v t ti engine ch hoc

c lu di dng ti nguyn chia s hay kt hp c hai cch . Cng tng t nh

vy cc d liu nh ngha tin trnh cng c phn phi cho tt c cc engine hoc

c chuyn mt phn cho nhng engine ring bit t ngun no trong sut qu

trnh khai thc tin trnh. Cc giao din nm gi cc hot ng gim st hoc triu gi

cc ng dng c th c h tr nh cc c tnh phn tn hoc cc b ho cho cc

engine ring bit. Cc cch tip cn ci t qun l phn phi Workflow qua nhiuengine rt a dng v phc tp.

h tr cho vic tng tc gia cc sn phm khc nhau, cc giao din c

xc nh ch r cc chc nng cng tc gia cc dch v enactment khc nhau.

Thng qua cc giao din nhiu sn phm Workflow khc nhau ca nhiu nh cung

cp c th khai thc cc phn ca mt tin trnh c th no trn cc dch v

enactment khc nhau (mi dch v bao gm mt hoc nhiu nh cung cp cc

Workflow engine c th). Vic h tr ny c xem xt trong qu trnh tip cn thc

t hn l c gng chun ha cc giao din v trng thi d liu bn trong ca dchv Workflow phn tn.

ng dng khch Workflow Cc kh nng tip cn

Trong m hnh Workflow tng tc xy ra gia b qun l danh sch v

Workflow engine ring bit thng qua mt giao din c nh ngha bao gm khi

nim ca mt danh sch cng vic hng i ca cc mc cng vic c gn cho

mt ngi dng c th (hoc nhm nhng ngi dng chung) bi dch v Workflow

enactment. Ti mc n gin nht danh sch cng vic c th c Workflow enginedng gn cc khon mc cng vic v c b qun l danh sch cng vic dng

khi phc li cc khon mc cng vic a cho ngi dng x l.

C nhiu cch thc ci t sn phm khc nhau ca m hnh tng tc danh sch

cng vic ny ph thuc vo bn cht ca qu trnh ci t sn phm. C th, n ph

thuc vo loi c s h tng c s dng h tr vic phn tn ca b qun l danh

sch cng vic.


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Bn cch tip cn c minh ho trong biu di y, cch u tin h tr

iu khin danh sch cng vic tp trung v ba cch cn li s dng chc nng b

qun l danh sch cng vic phn tn.

Bn cch nh sau:

M hnh da trn my ch - ng dng b qun l danh sch cng vic my

khch da trn my ch v s lin lc vi danh sch cng vic qua mt giao

din cc b ti Workflow engine. Trong trng hp ny chc nng giao din

ngi dng c th c hng theo mt u cui hoc mt my trm MMI t

xa.

M hnh file lu tr chung - ng dng b qun l danh sch c ci t nh

mt chc nng khch v vic lin lc da trn mt file lu tr chung, chng

nm trn ranh gii gia mi trng nn my ch v my khch v c hai c th

truy cp.

M hnh th in t - vc lin lc theo th in t, m hnh ny h tr s phn

tn cc mc cng vic ti nhng ngi tham gia ring bit cho vic x l cc

b. Thng thng, trong kch bn ny danh sch cng vic nm ti my khch.

M hnh truyn thng ip hay li gi th tc - vic lin lc thng qua li gi

th tc hoc c ch truyn thng ip khc. Trong kch bn ny danh sch cng

vic c th c nh v v mt vt l trn cc Workflow engine hoc ti cc b

qun l danh sch cng vic ty theo cc c im ci t c th.


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Workflow

Client App n.

WorkflowClient App n.

Workflow

Client Appn.

Workflow

Client Appn.

WorklistAccess

WorklistAccess

WorklistAccess

WorklistAccess

Worklist

RPCEtc

Mi trng

Client

WorkflowEngine(s)

WorkflowEngine(s)

WorkflowEngine(s)

WorkflowEngine(s)

Worklist

Li gicc b

X.400etc

Mi trngServer

API chung

M hnh da trnmy ch

M hnh li gith tc hay

truyn thngip

M hnh th int

M hnh chia sfilestore

Hnh 1-5 La chn s thc thi trong b iu khin worklist pha khch

Trong mi trng hp c th xy dng mt API chung, API chung ny h tr b

qun l danh sch cng vic truy cp ti danh sch cng vic v cc chc nng ca

Workflow engine. Nhng API chung ny ch c xc nh sau khi chc nng truy

cp danh sch cng vic c th thch hp vi kiu ci t sn phm c xc lp.

1.5.CC YU CU CHUN HA

Cc nhn t c bn nh hng ti vic cn chun ha cc giao din chc nng

ca Workflow c th hin thng qua hai vn chnh sau:

H tr tnh mm do trong vic t chc li tin trnh nghip v v qu trnh vn

hnh. Yu cu tch hp sinh ra t vic c t sn phm v s a dng ca th trng.

Tnh mm do trong vic t chc li tin trnh nghip v v qu trnh vn hnh

Chin lc t chc li tin trnh nghip v v t hp cc quy trnh ci t

Workflow s a ra yu cu sn phm linh hot p ng cc thay i nghip v

ang din ra. Bao gm c trng hp khi mt vi tin trnh nghip v ring bit s

dng cc sn phm Workflow khc nhau c yu cu t chc li vo trong mt tin


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trnh t hp n. Khi tin trnh t hp mi i hi phi c s tng tc gia cc

Workflow tn ti. Cc yu cu ny c th ny sinh do vic t chc li doanh

nghip, thay i lut php, thay i mc ch nghip v Khi trao i d liu in t

pht trin, cc Workflow ny c kh nng bao gm s trao i gia cc t chc cng

nh trong ni ti ca mt t chc n l.

Trong thc t c nhiu kh nng cc sn phm khc nhau s c s dng trong

nhiu t chc hay phng ban khc nhau. Khi cc sn phm khng c kh nng trao

i vi nhau s l nguyn nhn ca vn tim tng p ng vi s thay i nghip

v.Vic d on s thm nhp mt cch mnh m ca cng ngh Workflow vo th

trng trong vng 5-10 nm s cho ta thy cc vn xung khc c th ny sinh nh

trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin trc y. Vn ny ch c th c gii quyt

khi cc chun tng tc ph hp c pht trin.

Cc sn phm c ci t sau khi cc chun c hnh thnh s cung cp

mt mc tin tng quyt nh th trng v tnh hiu qu khi p dng cng ngh

Workflow.

S a dng ca th trng

Hin nay ngi ta c lng c khong hn mt trm sn phm Workflow khc

nhau, tp trung vo cc kha cnh khc nhau theo cc chc nng v s tch hp d

liu/ng dng. S pht trin ca cc chun tng tc s cho php la chn cc snphm tt nht tng ng vi tng kha cnh ring trong vic ci t Workflow. iu

ny c th gm cc sn phm phn tch v nh ngha tin trnh t mt nh cung cp,

kt hp vi phn mm Workflow engine t mt nh cung cp khc, tch hp vi ng

dng qun l danh sch cng vic khch t mt nh cung cp th ba.

Mt worklow ring l c th d dng chia ra thnh cc tin trnh con, mi tin

trnh c ci t trn mt sn phm chuyn dng ph hp vi tng kiu d liu c

th, nn tng hoc mi trng mng lin quan n tin trnh . S tn ti cc chun

tng tc s cung cp c hi trin khai cc gii php tng hp nhm p ng cc yucu tin trnh nghip v. Gii php ny s lin kt mt vi cc sn phm chuyn gia

p ng cc yu cu nghim ngt ca tin trnh.

Hn th na, nhiu ng dng Workflow yu cu tch hp vi cc ng dng khc,

cc ng dng ang tn ti hoc ang xut hin, t cc chc nng vn phng ti qu

trnh x l giao dch tp th. Vic cung cp mt giao din chun h tr cho cng

vic ny s gim s phc tp ca sn phm v s cc k nng tch hp chuyn dng

cn thit trong khi ci t.


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CHNG 2. M HNH THAM CHIU WORKFLOW

2.1.TNG QUAN V M HNH THAM CHIU

2.1.1. Tng quan v m hnh tham chiu

M hnh tham chiu ca h qun tr Workflow c xy dng da trn

cc giao din bn trong cu trc ng dng Workflow chung. Cu trc cho

php cc sn phm tng tc vi nhau ti cc mc khc nhau. Mi h thng

Workflow u cha mt s thnh phn chung cng hot ng theo cc cch

c nh ngha t trc. Cc sn phm khc nhau s i din cho cc mc kh

nng khc nhau ca mi thnh phn trong cc thnh phn chung . t c

kh nng tng tc gia cc sn phm Workflow th vic chun ha cc giao

din v cc khun dng trao i d liu gia cc thnh phn ni ti l cn thit.

2.1.2. M hnh tham chiu Workflow

Hnh di minh ho cc thnh phn v giao din chnh trong kin trc

Workflow.

Cc cng c nhnghi tin trnh

Workflow API and k hun dng trao iDch v workflow enactment

WorkflowEngine(s)

Cc ng dngworkflow client

Cc cng cqun l vgim st

InvokedApplicationC c ng dngc gi

Cc dch v WorkflowEnactment khc

WorkflowEgine(s)

Giao din 1

Giao din 4

Giao din 2Giao din 3

Giao din 5


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Hnh 2-6 M hnh tham chiu h qun tr Workflow cc thnh phn v ccgiao din.

Kin trc h qun tr Workflow m t cc thnh phn v cc giao din

chnh c trnh by phn sau. Vic chi tit cc giao din ring (APIs v s

trao i cc nh dng) s c pht trin nh l phn li chung vi cc tham s

cn thit p ng cc yu cu ring ca giao din.

Giao din bao quanh dch v Workflow enactment c gi l WAPI

Workflow APIs v cc khun dng trao i. Chng c xem nh l tp hp cc

cu trc m cc dch v ca h thng Workflow c cho php truy cp v iu

ha s tng tc gia cc phn mm iu khin Workflow v cc thnh phn h

thng khc. Nhiu chc nng trong nm min giao din l thnh phn chung ca

hai hay nhiu giao din dch v. V vy n rt thch hp khi xem WAPI nh lmt giao din dch v hp nht h tr cc chc nng qun l Workflow thng

qua 5 min, ng hn l 5 giao din ring.

2.2.DCH V WORKFLOW ENACTMENT

2.2.1. Dch v Workflow Enactment l g ?

Dch v Workflow enactment cung cp mi trng thi gian thc hin

cho cc bn sao tin trnh v cc hot ng. Dch v Workflow enactment s

dng mt hoc nhiu Workflow engine, chu trch nhim thng dch v kch hot

mt (hay tt c) cc thnh phn ca nh ngha tin trnh v tng tc vi cc ti

nguyn bn ngoi cn thit x l cc hnh ng khc nhau.

nh ngha - Dch v Workflow Enactment

L mt phm mm dch v c th bao gm mt hay nhiu Workflow engine

to ra, qun l v khai thc cc bn sao Workflow. Cc ng dng c th giao

tip vi cc dch v ny thng qua giao din lp trnh ng dng Workflow.Trong m hnh trn c mt s tch bit logic gia tin trnh v logic iu

khin hnh ng v chnh s tch bit to ra dch v Workflow enactment.

Cn cc cng c ng dng v cc tc v ca ngi dng cui to nn vic x l

gn kt vi mi hnh ng. S tch bit ny cung cp c hi tch hp chun

cng nghip lnh vc rng hoc cc cng c ng dng c th ca ngi dng

vo trong mt ng dng Workflow c th.


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S tng tc vi ngun ti nguyn bn ngoi m dch v enactment c th

c th truy nhp c s xut hin qua hai giao din:

Giao din ng dng pha khch: thng qua giao din ng dng ny

Workflow engine tng tc vi mt b qun l danh sch cng vic chutrch nhim t chc cng vic c yu cu ti nguyn ngi dng. Trch

nhim ca b qun l danh sch cng vic l la chn v thc y tng

khon mc cng vic ring l t danh sch cng vic. Vic kch hot cc

cng c ng dng c t di s kim sot ca b qun l danh sch

cng vic hay ngi dng cui.

Giao din triu gi ng dng: giao din ny cho php Workflow engine

kch hot trc tip mt cng c c th m nhn mt hnh ng c th.

Thng thng nhng cng c ny l mt ng dng da trn my ch m

khng c giao din ngi dng. nhng ni m mt hot ng c th c

th s dng cng c i hi c s tng tc vi ngi dng cui th thng

thng cng c s c triu gi thng qua giao din danh sch cng

vic cung cp tnh mm do hn cho vic lp lch cng vic ca ngi

dng. Bng vic s dng mt giao din chun triu gi cng c, cccng c ng dng trong tng lai c th l Workflow hp l trong mt

khun kh c chun ha.

Dch v Workflow enactment c th hoc l tp trung hay phn tn theo

chc nng. Trong mt dch v Workflow enactment phn tn, c mt vi

Workflow engine m mi engine gim st mt phn ca vic trin khai tin trnh

v tng tc vi tp ngi dng v cc cng c ng dng lin quan n hot

ng bn trong tin trnh m chng chu trch nhim. Loi dch v enactmentnh th c coi l c tn v phm vi qun l chung sao cho cc nh ngha tin

trnh v tn ngi dng/ng dng c th c x l trn mt nn tng thng

nht. Cc h thng Workflow phn tn s s dng cc giao thc c th v nh

dng trao i gia cc Workflow engine ng b ha cc hot ng ca chng

v trao i thng tin iu khin cc tin trnh v cc hnh vi. Cc d liu lin

quan n Workflow c th cng c truyn gia cc Workflow engine. Trong

mt dch v Workflow enactment n ng nht, cc thao tc nh vy s ph

thuc nh cung cp.


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Khi cc sn phm khng ng nht c s dng, vic trao i c

chun ho gia cc Workflow engine l cn thit. Khi dng giao din 4, dch v

enactment c th truyn cc hnh vi hay cc tin trnh con ti dch v enactment

( khng ng nht) khc khai thc. Trong m hnh Workflow tham chiu, vic

trao i c gi l Workflow Engine Interchange. Vic qun l chung vchc nng gim st cng c yu cu trong mi trng Workflow khng thun

nht.

2.2.2. Workflow Engine

Mt Workflow engine m bo mt phn hoc ton b mi trng gim st

thi gian thc hin trong mt dch v enactment.

nh ngha Workflow engine

Mt dch v phn mm hay engine cung cp mi trng khai thc thi

im thc hin cho mt bn sao Workflow.

Thng thng cc phn mm nh vy cung cp cc tin ch x l:

Thng dch nh ngha tin trnh.

Gim st cc bn sao tin trnh: Khi to, kch hot, tm dng, kt thc,

iu hng gia cc hot ng ca tin trnh bao gm cc thao tc tun t

hay song song, lp lch biu, gii ngha cc d liu lin quan n

Workflow,

ng nhp v kt thc phin lm vic ca ngi tham gia.

Xc nh cc khon mc cng vic m ngi dng cn thc hin v giao

din h tr tng tc vi ngi dng.

Cp nht d liu iu khin Workflow v d liu lin quan Workflow,

truyn d liu lin quan n Workflow t ng dng ny ti ng dng

khc hay ti ngi dng.

Mt giao din triu gi cc ng dng bn ngoi v kt ni vi bt k

d liu lin quan n Workflow no.


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Cc hot ng gim st cho cc mc ch iu khin, qun l v kim tra.

Mt Workflow engine c th gim st vic khai thc mt tp cc bn sao

tin tnh hay cc tin trnh con vi mt phm vi c xc nh bi cc loi i

tng, cc thuc tnh ca chng. Nhng kiu i tng v cc thuc tnh nyc gii thch trong nh ngha tin trnh.

2.2.3. Dch v Enactment thun nht v khng thun

nht

Mt dch v Workflow enactment thun nht bao gm mt hoc nhiu

Workflow engine tng thch to nn mi trng khai thc thi gian thc i vi

tin trnh Workflow vi mt tp xc nh trc cc thuc tnh nh ngha tin

trnh. C ch khai thc tin trnh m theo s thi hnh tin trnh c t chc

thng qua nhiu Workflow engine, cc giao thc v cc nh dng trao i c

dng h tr c ch ny ca cc sn phm c bit hin ti cha c chun

ho.

Mt dch v Workflow enactment khng thun nht bao gm hai hoc

nhiu hn cc dch v thun nht tun theo cc chun chung cho vic tng tc

mt mc nht nh. Ngi ta c th mong mun to ra mt s mc tng tc bo

m nng cao cc mc chc nng chung.

Nhng mc c th l:

Mt lc t tn chung cho ton b min khng thun nht.

H tr cho cc i tng v cc thuc tnh dng nh ngha tin trnh

chung cho ton b min ng dng.

H tr vic truyn d liu lin quan n Workflow trong mt min ng

dng.

H tr vic truyn cc hnh vi v cc tin trnh con gia cc Workflow

engine khng thun nht

H tr cc chc nng gim st v qun tr chung trong ton min ng

dng.

Vic h tr nhng d liu iu khin Workflow chung v trao i chng l

cn thit bo m tnh m ton b gia cc sn phm khng thun nht.


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Tin trnh v vic chuyn trng thi ca cc hnh vi

Dch v Workflow enactment c th c coi nh mt my chuyn trng

thi trong cc bn sao tin trnh hoc bn sao hnh vi thay i trng thi theo

cc s kin bn ngoi hoc theo nhng quyt nh iu khin do Workflowengine a ra.

Mt v d minh ho c bn biu chuyn i trng thi ca tin trnh c

ch ra di y.

Lp li qua cchot ng active

Treo Ngt

Chy

Hon thnh

Active

Khi ng li

Khi ng li

Treo

Phc hi

Ngt

Mt hoc nhi utrng hp hotng

Khi toKhi to

Hnh 2-7V d v chuyn trng thi i vi mt bn sao tin trnh

Trong biu trn, vic chuyn trng thi thi xy ra theo nhng hm

WAPIs c th; vic chuyn i gia cc trng thi no cng s xy ra nh l

kt qu ca vic tho mn cc iu kin chuyn trong nh ngha tin trnh. Cc

trng thi c bn l:

- Khi to: Mt bn sao tin trnh c to ra bao gm ngy thng ca

trng thi tin trnh c gn kt v d liu lin quan Workflow, nhng cc tin

trnh cha tho mn cc iu kin bt u thc hin.- Chy (running): Bn sao tin trnh bt u khai thc v mi hot ng ca

n cng c th c bt u (tt c cc iu kin bt u ca hot ng no c

p ng).

- Kch hot (active): Mt hoc nhiu trng thi bt u v c gn cho

mt bn sao hnh vi tng ng.

- nh ch (suspended): Mt bn sao tin trnh b ngng li v khng c

hnh vi no c bt u cho n khi tin trnh tr li trng thi chy.


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- Hon thnh (Completed): Bn sao tin trnh tho mn cc iu kin

kt thc, mi hot ng sau khi kt thc bn trong nh l d liu kim tra nht

k hoc cc php thng k s c thc hin v tin trnh s b loi b.

-Kt thc (terminated): Qu trnh thc thi tin trnh b dng li trc khi

chng c hon thnh v bt k cc hot ng bn trong nh cc bn ghi li

hay cc bn ghi khi phc d liu c th c thc hin v tin trnh b hu b.

Cc hnh vi c th khng dng c, v d nh mt dch v Workflow

khi to mt hnh vi c th trong bn sao tin trnh th khng th tm ngng hoc

kt thc hnh vi . iu ny c ngha l cc chc nng nh ch/ khi to li/ kt

thc khng th hon thnh n khi tt c cc hnh vi c kch hot phi hon

thnh v bn sao tin trnh quay tr li mt trng thi chy. Thm vo ngi

ta cng i hi gp mt tp cc hnh vi thnh mt n v nguyn t m vic khai

thc chng hoc c thc hin mt cch nguyn vn hoc bn sao tin trnh s

quay ngc v im khi u ca chng.

B qua cc iu kin phc tp m rng, mt v n gin minh ho trng

thi c bn v s chuyn i cho mt hot ng nh sau:

Hnh 2-8 V d hot ng chuyn tip trng thi

Cc trng thi ca mt hot ng l:

Khng kch hot (inactive): Hot ng nm trong tin tnh c to ra

nhng cha c kch hot (VD, bi v cc iu kin hot ng cha c p

ng) v khng c danh mc cng vic cho tin trnh.

Kch hot (active): Mt danh mc cng vic c to v gn vi mt hnh

ng cho tin trnh

nh ch (suspended): Hot ng c chuyn sang trng thi ngng v

ch i (v d nh khi hot ng l mt kt qu ca cu lnh


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change_state_of_activity_instance) v s khng c cp pht mt mc cng

vic cho n khi tr v trng thi chy.

Hon thnh (Completed): S thc thi ca hnh ng c hon thnh.

2.2.4. Cc kiu d liu Workflow

2.2.4.1. D liu iu khin Workflow

Dch v Workflow enactment cp nht cc d liu iu khin bn trong

xc nh trng thi ca mt bn sao tin trnh hoc bn sao hnh vi c th v h

tr cc thng tin trng thi bn trong khc. Cc d liu ny khng truy nhp c

hoc trao i thng qua cc lnh WAPI, nhng mt vi ni dung thng tin c th

c cung cp bng cc lnh c bit (nh truy vn trng thi tin trnh, a cccc tiu ch nh gi thc thi, v.v..). Dch v Workflow enactment thun nht c

th trao i thng tin gia cc Workflow engine nh c ch i thoi ring c

th.

nh ngha - D liu iu khin Workflow

L d liu bn trong c qun l bi h thng qun l Workflow

v/hoc Workflow engine.

2.2.4.2. D liu lin quan Workflow

D liu lin quan n Workflow c s dng bi h thng qun l

Workflow xc nh cc iu kin chuyn tip c th v c th tc ng n s

la chn cc hnh vi c khai thc tip theo. Cc d liu ny c th c truy

cp bi cc ng dng Workflow phc v cc thao tc trn d liu v do vy

c th c truyn gia cc hnh vi nh phn mm dch v Workflow

enactment. Khi vn hnh trong mt mi trng khng thun nht, d liu cth cn c trao i gia cc Workflow engine khi trnh t khai thc tin trnh

xy ra trong hai hoc nhiu Workflow engine, cc tin trnh nh vy c th (c

kh nng) yu cu nh x tn hay chuyn i d liu.

nh ngha - D liu c lin quan n Workflow

L d liu c dng bi h thng qun l Workflow xc nh vic

chuyn trng thi ca mt bn sao tin trnh Workflow.


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2.2.4.3. D liu ng dng Workflow

Vic x l d liu ng dng Workflow c th c yu cu trong mi hnh

vi ca nh ngha tin trnh, v d nh c yu cu trong mt cng c hoc ng

dng c th no , di s iu khin trc tip ca ng dng hoc kt hp vimt vi dng tng tc vi ngi dng no . i khi vic x l d liu cng

i hi phi bin i cc d liu gia cc nh dng khc nhau.

nh ngha d liu ng dng Workflow :

L d liu c trng ca ng dng v khng truy cp c bi h thng qun

l Workflow.

D liu ng dng Workflow khng c s dng bi phn mm Workflowenactment m ch lin quan ti cc ng dng hoc cc cng vic ca ngi dng

c khai thc trong Workflow. Cng nh i vi d liu lin quan vi

Workflow, cc d liu c th cn c trao i gia cc Workflow engine

trong dch v enactment khng thun nht v c chun b sn sng cho cc

hnh vi ph hp c khai thc trn cc engine ring l.

Mi lin h gia mt ng dng v bt c d liu lin quan hay d liu ng

dng Workflow m ng dng cn x l c xc nh bn trong nh ngha tin

trnh. Trong mt s trng hp mi lin h ny c th l mt lin h n nhngtrong nhng trng hp khc mi lin h ny c th l mt lin h hin xc nh

ng dn ng dng v tn i tng c trng.

2.2.5. S trao i d liu

Vic trao i d liu ca d liu ng dng v d liu lin quan ti

Workflow cn c thc hin thng qua WAPI h tr cho vic tng tc ln

nhau trong 3 vng chc nng thi gian thc hin.

B qun l danh sch cng vic (giao din 2).

ng dng c triu gi (giao din 3).

S trao i Workflow engine (giao din 4).

Phn ny s trnh by nguyn l trao i d liu chung. Mt tp lnh API

c t ra bao gm cc li gi c trng tip nhn hoc tr v d liu c

lin quan n Workflow t mt dch v enactment ny ti dch v enactment


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khc thng qua WAPI. Cc phng n ca cc li gi ny s c xc nh cho

c vic trao i d liu trc tip hoc gin tip.

Vic trao i d liu ng dng trc tip thng c s dng trong cc h

thng Workflow hng email. Khi d liu c chuyn mt cch vt l gia

cc hnh vi hoc cc ng dng. Cch trao i ny cng c th c s dng

trong cc h thng Workflow hng ngi dng. Vic trao i ny khng cn

xc nh mi lin h hin gia cc hnh vi v d liu ng dng, d liu ny c

truyn nh mt phn ca qu trnh iu hng hnh vi Workflow chun v c

kt ni mt cch cc b ti ng dng khi n c triu gi. Khi c yu cu

chuyn i nh dng d liu gia cc hnh vi, m hnh s nhn ra ng dng i

hi kiu d liu no. iu ny cho php cc h thng c xy dng s dng

cc ng dng Workflow khng thun nht cung cp vic chuyn i d liu khi

cn thit trn c s cc kiu thuc tnh xc nh cho nhng ng dng tng ng.

Mt s dng h thng Workflow khng truyn d liu ng dng gia cc

hnh vi mt cch vt l. Trong cc h thng ny, cc d liu c truy cp bi

ng dng theo mt ng truy cp ph hp. Trong trng hp ny lc gi

tn cc nhnh truy cp phi l ton cc cho tt c cc ng dng c th c triu

gi bn trong dch v Workflow v quyn truy cp thch hp phi sn sng v

c qun l cho mi bn sao tin trnh c kch hot. Trong kch bn ny

vic chuyn i nh dng d liu c th c m hnh ho nh mt hnh vi sdng cc cng c ng dng thch hp chuyn i d liu.

Cc h thng thun nht c th dng quy c ring i vi vic t tn i

tng v cc quyn truy nhp, nhng cc h thng khng thun nht i hi mt

s chung. Trong trng hp ny, hoc l nh ngha tin trnh phi bao gm

ng dn truy cp tham chiu ti kho i tng d liu ng dng, hoc vic

iu hng gia cc hnh vi phi bao gm vic truyn cc ng dn truy cp

cn thit tham chiu ti mi i tng d liu cn truyn gia cc hnh vi.

Khi vic tng tc ln nhau gia cc sn phm Workflow khng thun nht

c t ra chng hoc phi tun theo cng mt cch tip cn trao i d liu

ng dng hoc tng tc vi nhau thng qua c ch gateway. C ch gateway s

nh x gia 2 cch tip cn hoc x l s khc nhau trong vic gi tn i tng

v chuyn i kiu d liu bng nhng kiu chuyn i ph hp.


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2.3.NH NGHA TIN TRNH

nh ngha tin trnh l s biu din mt tin trnh nghip v di dng no

nhm h tr cc thao tc t ng nh m hnh ho hay thc thi bi h thng

qun l Workflow. nh ngha tin trnh bao gm mt s cc hnh vi v mi quanh gia chng, cc tiu chun xc nh im khi u v kt thc ca mt tin

trnh, v cc thng tin v cc hnh vi ring bit, cc i tng tham gia, cc ng

dng IT v d liu i km.

Mt nh ngha tin trnh c th cha cc tham chiu n tin trnh con, tin

trnh con l tin trnh c nh ngha ring bit v l thnh phn ca nh

ngha tin trnh tng th.

Mt nh ngha tin trnh c to ra s cha mt tp cc i tng v cc

thuc tnh h tr vic thc thi tin trnh . Mt s i tng v thuc tnh

s c k tha t cc bn sao ca tin trnh c to ra trc .

2.3.1. Cc cng c nh ngha tin trnh

C nhiu cng c khc nhau c th c dng phn tch, m hnh ho,

m t v xy dng ti liu mt tin trnh nghip v. Cc cng c c th l

khng hnh thc hoc hnh thc ho cao. M hnh Workflow khng cp n

bn cht ring bit ca cc cng c nh vy v cng khng bit chng tng tc

nh th no trong qu trnh xy dng. Cc cng c c th c cung cp nh lmt phn ca sn phm Workflow hoc nh l mt tp cng c ca sn phm

BPR ( Business process reengineering ).

Khi mt sn phm Workflow cung cp cng c nh ngha tin trnh cho

ring n, cc nh ngha tin trnh c c thng thng s c x l bn trong

phm vi ca sn phm Workflow v c th hoc khng th truy cp theo mt

giao din lp trnh c v ghi thng tin. Khi cc sn phm ring bit c s

dng cho vic nh ngha v thc thi tin trnh, cc nh ngha tin trnh c th

c chuyn i gia cc sn phm khi i hi hoc c lu tr trong mtkho cha tch bit c th truy cp c bi tt c cc sn phm.

u ra sau cng ca hot ng m hnh ho v thit k tin trnh l mt

nh ngha tin trnh. nh ngha tin trnh ny c th c thng dch ti thi

im thc thi bi Workflow engine trong dch v enactment. Trong cc sn phm

Workflow ngy nay mi mt nh ngha tin trnh ring l thng thng dng

c trng cho mt phn mm qun l Workflow c th c thit k x l


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chng. Giao din trao i nh ngha tin trnh cho php tnh mm do hn trong

min ny.

Cc cng c phn tch, m hnh ho v nh ngha tin trnh c th bao gm

kh nng m hnh ho cc tin trnh trong ng cnh ca cu trc t chc (mc d

iu ny khng phi l mt kha cnh bt buc ca m hnh tham chiu h qun

tr Workflow). Khi mt m hnh t chc c kt hp vo trong cc cng c nh

trn, nh ngha tin trnh s bao gm vic t chc i tng c lin quan vi

nhau nh l cc vai din. Cc i tng ny lin quan n d liu iu khin h

thng nh l cc vai din: mi quan h cc vai din c th c tham chiu trong

qu trnh khai thc tin trnh.

2.3.2. Giao din 1 - Trao i nh ngha Workflow

Giao din gia cc cng c m hnh ho v nh ngha tin trnh vi phnmm qun l Workflow trong thi gian thc hin c gi l giao din xut/nhp

nh ngha tin trnh. Bn cht ca giao din ny l nh dng trao i v cc li

gi API. nh dng trao i v cc li gi API c th h tr s trao i thng tin

nh ngha tin trnh thng qua cc phng tin trao i in t hoc vt l rt

khc nhau. Giao din c th h tr trao i ton b hoc mt phn ca nh ngha

tin trnh.

Cctch,Hnh 2-9 S trao i nh ngha tin trnh


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C cc li ch rt r rng khi s dng cc khun dng c chun ho cho

nh ngha tin trnh :

u tin, vic s xc nh mt im phn tch gia mi trng thi gian

xy dng v thi gian thc hin. V vy, n cho nhiu sn phm Workflow thi

gian thc thi khc nhau cng s dng mt nh ngha tin trnh sinh ra bi mt

cng c m hnh ha. V nh vy ngi s dng c th chn cc cng c m

hnh ho v cc sn phm Workflow thi gian thc hin mt cch c lp.

Th hai l, n cung cp tim nng to ra mt nh ngha tin trnh cho mt

vi sn phm Workflow khc nhau ng thi hot ng to nn mt dich v

enactment thi im thc hin phn tn.

2.3.3. Siu m hnh c bn:

Hip hi qun l Workflow (WFMC) xy dng mt siu m hnh

nh ngha tin trnh vi mt tp cc kiu i tng c s ph hp cho vic trao

i cc nh ngha tin trnh tng i n gin. Sau tp cc i tng c bn

c th c m rng bi nh cung cp vi cc i tng c chc nng b sung.

Hnh 2-5 Siu m hnh c bn

nh hng cho cc thuc tnh ring ca cc kiu s c nh ngha nh

di y:

Cc nh ngha kiu workflow:

Tn tin trnh workflow

nh ngha kiu

Hot ngQuy tc D liu lin quan

Triu gi ngdng

iu kin chuyn trng

thi

Cha

S dng

S dng

C

Gm c

Tham chiu ti

Tham

chiu ti


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S phin bn

Cc iu kin bt u v kt thc tin trnh

Bo mt, kim nh hoc cc iu khin d liu khc

Hot ng:

Tn hot ng

Kiu hot ng (lung con, lung nguyn t, )

Cc iu kin tip theo v trc ca hot ng

Cc rng buc danh mc khc

Cc d liu lin quan workflow:

Tn d liu v ng dn

Cc kiu d liu

Phn quyn

Tn v thc th c t chc

Triu gi ng dng

Kiu hoc tn chung

Cc tham s thi hnh

V tr hoc ng dn truy cp

Trong trng hp l dch v phn tn, mt s phn chia v tr ca cc hot

ng cho cc workflow Engine ring bit cng cn phi xy dng trong nh

ngha tin trnh, nh l mt thuc tnh m rng ca hot ng. Cc phn nh

ngha tin trnh tc ng n qun tr v bo mt, v d nh iu khin ton bcc c quyn hay gim st cc hot ng trong tin trnh, ng thi cng yu

cu c tnh ton trong mt gii hn ln hn.

Trong vic nh ngha cc nh dng trao i, gi s rng l mt lc

k hiu tn n gin cn phi c h tr bi ci m phi c nh x chnh xc

n cc tn v cc a ch thc trong thi gian thc hin dch v enactment. N

c th c iu khin bi k thut nh a ch ng( v d nh s dng mt

dch v th mc) hoc bi cc k thut m rng khc cho vic n ngha tin


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trnh. Cc nhm cng ngh khc lm vic trong cng mt khu vc nh m hnh

tin tnh v cng c trao i CASE, xut ca t chc WFMC tip cn vn

trong khu vc ny lm vic vi cc nhm khc m rng nh ngha nh

dng trao i ph hp.

Cc API truy cp nh ngha tin trnh

Mt tp hp cc lnh API trong WAPI c pht trin h tr vic truy cp

nh ngha d liu tin trnh. N c mong i nh vic xc nh s bao gm

s lng chc nng ca cc kiu chung sau y. Cc ln mong i c cung cp

thao tc trn mt danh sch hay trn nhng i tng thuc tnh ring r

S thit lp phin:

Kt ni hoc khng kt ni cc phin gia cc thnh phn tham gia vo h

thng

nh ngha cc hot ng workflow

S phc hi danh sch ca tn nh ngha tin trnh workflow t mt ni

sang mt danh sch ngun khc

La chn/ khng la chn ca mt nh ngha tin trnh workflow cung

cp mt iu khin xa hn mc hot ng i tng.

c/ghi i tng nh ngha tin trnh mc cao nhtnh ngha cc hot ng ca i tng

To, phc hi v xa cc i tng trong mt nh ngha Workflow

Phc hi, ci t v xa cc thuc tnh ca i tng

2.4.CC CHC NNG CA WORKFLOW PHA KHCH

2.4.1. Cc ng dng workflow pha khch

B qun l danh sch cng vic- worklist handler l mt thc th phn

mm. Thc th ny tng tc vi ngi dng cui khi c cc hnh vi i hi s

tham gia ca ngun ti nguyn con ngi. B qun l danh sch cng vic c th

c cung cp nh mt phn ca sn phm qun l Workflow hay c th c

vit bi ngi dng. Trong mt s trng hp khc, Workflow c th c tch

hp vo trong mt mi trng desktop chung cng vi cc dch v vn phng

khc nh mail V vy cn c mt c ch truyn thng mm do gia dich v


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Workflow enectment v cc ng dng Workflow client h tr cho vic xy

dng cc h iu hnh khc nhau s gp trong tng lai.

Trong m hnh Workflow, vic tng tc xy ra gia cc ng dng khch

v Workflow engine thng qua mt giao din c xc nh r rng vi cc khinim nh Worklist( danh sch cng vic)- hng i ca cc mc cng vic do

Workflow Engine gn cho mt ngi dng c th (hay mt nhm ngi dng

chung). Ti mc n gin nht, danh sch cng vic c th c truy cp bi

Workflow engine nhm mc ch gn cc khon mc cng vic v bi b qun

l danh sch cng vic ly ra cc khon mc cng vic giao cho ngi dng

x l.

Vic kch hot cc khon mc cng vic ring l t danh sch cng vic(v d khi ng ng dng v lin kt d liu lin quan ti Workflow) c th

c kim sot bi ng dng Workflow client hay ngi dng cui. Mt lot cc

th tc c xc nh gia ng dng Workflow client v dch v Workflow

enactment cho php: b sung cc hnh vi vo trong danh sch cng vic, loi

b cc hnh vi hon thnh khi danh sch cng vic, dng tm thi mt s

hnh vi.

Vic triu gi ng dng c th c iu khin t b qun l danh schcng vic, hoc di s kim sot trc tip ca ngi dng cui. Phn ny s

c cp chi tit trong giao din III- giao din triu gi ng dng.

Mt phn ca d liu lin quan n hnh vi gn kt vi danh sch cng

vic l thng tin cn thit cho php b qun l danh sch cng vic triu gi cc

ng dng ph hp. Ti ni cc d liu ng dng c phn loi r rng, s kt

hp c th c lu tr trong b iu khin danh mc cng vic v s dng cho

mc ch ny. Trong cc trng hp khc, s trao i y bao gm tn v

thng tin nh v ng dng c th l cn thit gia b qun l danh sch cng

vic vi Workflow engine, trong ng dng Workflow client c th cng thc

thi mt vi chc nng t giao din triu gi ng dng ly c cc thng tin

cn thit.

Mt danh sch cng vic c th cha nhiu khon mc lin quan n mt

vi bn sao c kch hot khc nhau ca mt tin trnh n l hoc cc

khon mc c th t vic kch hot mt vi tin trnh khc nhau. B qun l danh


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sch cng vic phi c tim nng tng tc vi mt vi Workflow engine v mt

vi dch v enactment khc nhau.

Do giao din gia ng dng Workflow client v Workflow engine phi

mm do theo ngha ca:

B nh danh cc tin trnh v hnh vi

Tn v a ch ti nguyn

Tham chiu d liu v cu trc d liu

Cc c ch truyn thng c th c

cha c cc cch tip cn ci t khc nhau.

2.4.2. Giao din ng dng workflow pha khch

Cch tip cn p ng cc yu cu trn hm cha mt s a dng n

cha sau mt tp chun cc API c s dng trong mt khun kh thng nht

truy cp t mt ng dng Workflow ti Workflow engine v danh sch cng

vic bt chp bn cht vic ci t thc t ca sn phm.

Cc API v cc tham s ca chng s c nh x ln mt vi c ch

truyn thng khc nhau p ng tnh a dng ca cc m hnh ci t

Workflow.

Cch tip cn tng qut cho API ng dng khch c ch ra trong hnh

di.


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Dch v Workflow Enactment

Workf lowEngine(s )

Client

Appilication

ng dng

c gi

User Interface

Chun ho APIs & Interchange

Tp hp lnh

Kt ni/hu kt niChc nng i u khin ti n trnh v

hot ngChc nng trng thi tin trnh

Cc lnh thao tc Worklist

Hnh 2-6 Giao din ng dng khch

Sau y s cung cp mt cch nhn tng quan v cc APIs cho ng dng

my khch c nhm theo cc lnh vc chc nng khc nhau:

Thit lp session

Kt ni/ hu kt ni ca cc session gia cc h thng tham gia

Cc hot ng nh ngha Workflow

Ly li/ truy vn (vi cc tiu chun chn lc chn) trn tn hay thuc

tnh nh ngha tin trnh.

Cc chc nng iu khin tin trnh

To/ khi ng/ kt thc mt tin trnh ring l c th

nh ch/ bt u li mt tin trnh ring l

p buc thay i mt trng thi trong mt tin trnh n l hay mt hot

ng


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Gn hay truy vn mt thuc tnh ca mt tin trnh hoc mt hot ng

Cc chc nng trng thi tin trnh

M/ng mt tin trnh hay mt hot ng truy vn, thit lp chn lccc tiu chun.

Nm bt chi tit tin trnh hay hot ng, lc nhng thng tin quan trng

Nm bt chi tit mt tin trin trnh hoc hot ng c th (n l)

Cc chc nng qun l danh sch cng vic/ khon mc cng vic

M/ng mt truy vn danh sch cng vic, thit lp chn lc cc tiuchun

Nm bt cc danh mc danh sch cng vic, chn lc nhng thng tin

quan trng

Khai bo s la chn/ gn li/ hon thnh mt mc cng vic c th

Gn hay truy vn mt thuc tnh mc cng vic

Cc chc nng gim st tin trnh

Thay i trng thi hot ng ca mt nh ngha tin trnh Workflow

v/hoc tin trnh hin cn hot ng.

Thay i trng thi ca ton b tin trnh hoc hot ng ca mt loi c

th

Gn cc thuc tnh ti tt c cc tin trnh hay hot ng ca mt loi c

th

Chm dt ton b tin trnh

Cc chc nng iu khin d liu

Ly li/ tr v d liu lin quan hay ng dng Workflow


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Cc chc nng qun tr

H tr thm cc chc nng qun l thng qua WAPI c th ph hp

cho cc ng dng khch no .

Cc triu gi ng dng

Cc chc nng c gii thiu trn cung cp mt mc chc nng c bn

h tr triu gi ng dng nh b iu khin danh sch cng vic. Mt s cu

lnh c a ra cho chc nng triu gi ng dng cng c th c lin quan v

c s dng cho mi trng ng dng khch.


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2.5.CC CHC NNG TRIU GI NG DNG

2.5.1. Triu gi ng dng trong h thng Workflow

2.5.1.1. Cc ng dng c triu gi

Bt k ci t c th no ca h thng qun l Workflow no cng khng c

nguyn l thit k c kh nng hiu c cch triu gi tt c nhng ng

dng tim nng, ang tn ti trong mt mi trng sn phm khng thun nht

nh th no. iu ny i hi nguyn l thit k phi p ng c vic triu

gi c th thc hin xuyn xut trong tt c cc platform v mi trng mng

khc nhau, cng vi mt cch thc truyn ng dng, d liu lin quan ti

Workflow trong mt phng php m ha v nh dng chung (hoc chuyn in sang mi trng ng dng ring bit).

Tuy nhin, c rt nhiu h thng Workflow cp ti mt phm vi gii hn

ln hn ca cc ng dng, c th y d liu c nh kiu mt cch r rng

v c th trc tip kt hp (v d thng qua mt th mc) vi mt cng c ng

dng c th nh cc trnh son tho hoc bng tnh. Trong trng hp khc, vic

triu gi ng dng ca mt thao tc bi mt ng dng c th no c th c

hon thnh thng qua mt c ch trao i chun nh giao thc OSI TP hoc

X.400. Mt vi cch ci t s dng ti khi nim Application Agent cha

cc phng thc triu gi a dng ng sau mt giao din chun trong dch v

Workflow Enactment. cng l trin vng pht trin kh nng Workflow

ha cc cng c ng dng, thng qua vic s dng mt tp chun cc API kt

ni vi dch v Workflow Enactment - chp nhn d liu ng dng, ng k v

tr li cc s kin hnh ng ... Cc API c th s dng trc tip bi cng c ng

dng hoc mt ng dng Agent

Mt vi kiu giao din cho ng dng triu gi c xc nh theo bngsau.


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Bng 1-1 Giao din triu gi ng dng

T chc WfMC tp trung vo pht trin danh sch kiu giao din cng vi

tp APIs s dng cho ng dng Workflowring bit trong tng lai.

2.5.1.2. Giao din triu gi ng dng

Hnh sau ch phm vi ca giao din c d nh p dng cho cc ng

dng Agent v cc ng dng c thit k c kh nng Workflow ha (vd tng

tc trc tip vi Workflow Engine)

Trong trng hp n gin, s triu gi ng dng c Workflow engine

qun l mt cch cc b da trn cc thng tin bn trong nh ngha tintrnh

xc nh bn cht ca hnh vi, kiu ng dng c triu gi v bt k yu cu d

liu no. ng dng c triu gi c th l cc b i vi Workflow engine vnm trn cng mt nn vi Workflow engine hoc nm trn mt nn mng truy

cp c tch bit; nh ngha tin trnh cha nhng thng tin y v kiu ng

dng v a ch triu gi ng dng. Trong trng hp ny cc quy nh v

vic t tn v nh a ch ng dng l cc b gia nh ngha tin trnh v

Workflow engine.

Kiu giao dinTruy nhp d liu lin

quan ti WorkflowChun tham gia

Li gi tin trnh cc b File cc b Khng

Shell script File cc b Mi trng POSIX

Li gi ORB (lin kt

i tng, chy dch v)

Thng qua tham chiu (gi

tham s )

C

Li gi thc thi t xa Thng qua tham chiu (gi

tham s )

C

Chuyn thng ip

(X.400)

c nh km hoc thng

qua tham chiu

C

Giao dch c nh km hoc thng

qua tham chiu

C


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Dch v Workflow Enact

WorkflowEngine

Agent ngdng

Cc ngdng c

triu gi

ng dngc kh nng

WF

Cc giao din ng dng

Cc trao i v API c chun ha

Hnh 2-7 Giao din ng dng c triu gi

Phn di y s a ra phc tho ca tp cc cu lnh c th p dng cho

cc chc nng triu gi ng dng :

Thit lp phin lm vic:

Kt ni / Hu b kt ni ca phin ng dng.

Cc chc nng qun l hnh vi:

(Workflow engine ti ng dng)

Bt u chy hnh vi

Tm ngng / Khi phc / Loi b hnh vi.

(Workflow ng dng ti engine).


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Cnh bo hnh vi hon thnh.

S kin bo ng (ng b ho).

Truy vn cc thuc tnh ca hnh vi.

Cc chc nng qun l d liu:

Cung cp cc d liu lin quan n Workflow.

Cung cp d liu ng dng hoc a ch ca d liu.

Trong cc tnh hung phc tp hn gm c s tng tc gia cc Workflow

engine khng thun nht, ngi ta i hi rng cc thng tin triu gi ng dng

c truyn gia cc Workflow engine hoc nh l mt phn ca trao i trongthi gian thc hin hoc nh vic nhp vo cc phn ca nh ngha tin trnh sau

giai on pht trin tin trnh.

2.5.1.3. Agent ng dng

Da trn cc cng ngh kt ni khc nhau, ci gi l Tool Agents c th

iu khin cc ng dng v thng tin trao i. Tool Agents din t nh mt s ch

ra cng ngh triu gi. Tool Agents dng t nht mt cng ngh triu gi nht

nh, chng hn l cc cu lnh DDE, giao thc OLE, CORBA.

Cng ngh tng tc gia mt Tool Agentv mt ng dng tng ng

c lp vi mc di ca kin trc v ng dng- cc giao din c th c qun

l di s iu khin Tool Agents. Giao din triu gi xc nh cch Tool Agent

c s dng bi ng dng Workflow v d nh mt worklist handler hoc

Workflow engine. Cui cng, mc ch ca Tool Agents c th c so snh vi

mc ch ca cc thnh phn phn mm c chun ha..

Tp cc chc nng giao din ng dng cung cp cc dch v ti ToolAgents, Tool Agentc th triu gi v iu khin cc ng dng c kt hp

vi cc mc cng vic.

Giao din triu gi ng dng nh ngha tp API, cc API ny mc cao v

c s dng bi cc thnh phn h thng Workflow (engine v ng dng

khch) ch ra driver ng dng c gi bi Tool Agents. Tool Agents c th

bt u, kt thc hoc ngng cc ng dng, n chuyn Workflow v cc thng

tin lin quan ng dng ti ng dng hoc t cc ng dng ti Workflow v iu


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khin cc mc trng thi ng dng ang chy. V th giao din triu gi ng

dng WAPI ch c nh hng da vo Tool Agent. Tuy nhin, thng tin thm

vo c th c yu cu bi ng dng qua Tool Agent s dng cc chc nng

chun ca WAPI. Nh vy giao din c th nm gi c cc yu cu hai chiu

(cc yu cu ti ng dng v t ng dng), n ph thuc vo cc giao din vkin trc cc ng dng lm th no tng tc vi mt Tool Agent.

Giao din ny cho php yu cu v cp nht d liu ng dng v nhiu

chc nng lin quan khc trong thi gian chy.

H thng Workflow bit s ci t Tool Agents. Kin trc c bn ca Tool

Agent cng c th so snh vi cc driver-interface v d ODBC .Trong phm

vi giao din, khng c nhiu k thut kt ni gia Tool Agents v h thng

Workflow.

2.5.1.4. Cc ng dng c kh nng Workflow

ng dng c kh nng Workflow l ng dng c chc nng Workflow

c gn vo h thng. Trong nhng h thng ny, Workflow khng th nh

ngha li tin trnh c m nhng nh ngha ny l cng trong h thng, n

c nh cung cp nh sn phn nh nhng tin trnh c mi ngi tha

nhn v d nh tin trnh pht trin d n: ly yu cu ngi dng - phn tch

thit k - m ha kim th - vn hnh v bo tr. V ng dng s thc thi xuyn

sut theo kch bn ca nhng tin trnh nh vy. Vic ci t ng dng ny ty

theo nh khai thc sn phm Workflow v yu cu ca tng khch hng.


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2.6.CHC NNG GIAO TIP M

Mc ch chnh ca t chc l nh ngha cc chun m qua s cho php

cc h thng Workflow c sn xut bi cc nh cung cp khc nhau chuyncc khon mc cng vic mt cch lin mch gia chng vi nhau

Cng vic ca t chc ch yu tp chung vo vic pht trin mt vi trng

hp giao tip, m chng c th p dng hiu qu ti mc, t n gin l vic

truyn i mt nhim v no ti vic trao i ton b mt nh ngha tin trnh,

trao i cc d liu lin quan ti Workflow...

C bn m hnh giao tip c nhn bit, chng bao trm cc mc khc

nhau ca nhng kh nng c th xy ra. Cc mc sau y s m t nhng m

hnh giao tip , cc minh ha s dng cc hnh vung biu th cho cc

nhim v v cc hnh vi, vi cc hnh khc nhau ch r cc cc nhim v c

sp xp trong tng dch v Workflow Enactment

2.6.1. Scenario 1 Lin kt ring r (dng chui)

M hnh ny cho php mt kt ni im trong tin trnh A lin kt ti mt

im khc trong tin trnh B. Mc d hnh minh ha ch ra nhng im kt niny l u v cui ca cc tin trnh nhng thc t cc im kt ni c th l

bt k v tr no trong tin trnh. iu ny to nn mt tin trnh kp t hai tin

trnh con

Hnh 2-7. M hnh chui cc dch v

M hnh ny h tr vic truyn mt khon mc cng vic n (mt bn sao

tin trnh hay hnh vi) gia hai mi trng Workflow, sau n c thc hin

Min dch v WF A

A2

Min dch v WF B

A1

A3B2

A5

A4

B5B1 B4

B3

Tin trnh A Tin trnh B


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mt cch c lp trong mi trng th hai. M hnh c th c thc hin thng

qua mt chc nng cng cc ng dng, trnh qun l chuyn i nh dng d

liu, nh x tn tin trnh v hnh vi. Cc chc nng ny cng c th c gp

vo mt trong cc dch v workflow v giao tip qua cc li gi API chun gia

chng

2.6.2. Scenario 2 Lin kt theo trt t (cc tin trnhcon lng vo nhau)

M hnh ny cho php mt tin trnh c thc thi mt min Workflow

c th c th gi gn ton b nh mt nhim v n trong mt tin trnh c

thc thi mt min Workflow khc. Gia hai tin trnh ny tn ti mt mi quan

h c trt t, mi quan h ny xuyn sut v lin tc mt vi mc, nh hnh

mt tp cc tin trnh con lng vo nhau

Hnh 2-8. M hnh cc tin trnh con lng vo nhau

Trong hnh v, mt hnh vi A3 c nh ngha trong dch v Workflow A

ng vai tr l ton b tin trnh B trong dch v Workflow B. y l mt trng

hp n gin vi mt thc th v im thot n trong tin trnh B

2.6.3. Scenario 3 Lin kt thnh mt khi (Peer toPeer)

M hnh ny cung cp cho ta mt mi trng pha trn hon ton, hnh v

biu th mt tin trnh ghp C, n bao gm cc hnh vi c th thc thi xuyn xut

cc dch v bao gm nhiu Workflow min dng chung. Cc hnh vi C1, C2 v

C5 c phi hp bi dch v A v cc hnh vi C3, C4, C6 li c phi hp bi

dch v B

A1A4

A2 A3

A5 B1B3

B2

B4 B5

Tin trnh A Tin trnh B

Min dch v WF A Min dch v WF B


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Trong trng hp ny, tin trnh s tin hnh mt cch trong sut t nhim

v ny ti nhim v kia, khng c cc hnh ng c th bi ngi dng v qun

tr gia, bng cc giao tip gia cc Workflow Engine ring bit vi nhau


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Hnh 2-9. M hnh Peer-Peer

Ngoi ra y cn c s yu cu c hai dch v Workflow phi cng h tr

mt tp API chung cho qu trnh giao tip v cng c th thng dch mt nh

ngha tin trnh chung. Chng cng phi c tip nhn vo mi trng lm vic

cc xy dng ca tin trnh chung v chuyn cho tin trnh kia nhng thay i

trong sut qu trnh thc thi. D liu lin quan ti Workflow v d liu ng dng

cng cn phi c trao i gia cc Engine

2.6.4. Scenario 4 Lin kt ng b ha song song

M hnh ny cho php hai tin trnh hot ng v c bn l c lp vi

nhau, c th truyn qua cc dch v enactment ring bit. Nhng n i hi phi

c nhng im ng b ha gia hai tin trnh. Vic ng b ny yu cu cc

tin trnh, mi mt on c mt im xc nh trc trong chui thc thi ca

chng ng b ha. Kiu c ch ny s dng lm cho cc chc nng tr

nn d dng nh vic lp lch tin trnh thng qua cc lung thc thi song song,

im kim tra khi phc d liu hay vic truyn d liu Workflow gia bn sao

cc tin trnh khc nhau

C1

C4

C2 C3

C5 C6

Tin trnh C

WorkflowEngine(s)

A

WorkflowEngine(s) B

Min dng chung ca dch v Workflow A v B


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Trong hnh v di y vic ng b c ch ra gia hnh vi A3 ca tin trnhA v hnh vi B4 ca tin trnh B

Hnh 2-10. M hnh ng b ha song song

Vic khp cc cng vic c th ng b ha ti cc im xc nh trongtin trnh. iu ny i hi vic tp hp v c ch theo di, thm na ca hai

dch v phi c kh nng nhn bit cc nhim v t hai nh ngha tin trnh.

2.6.5. Cc hm WAPI giao tip

Tnh tng qut ca thng tin v iu khin lung gia hai h thng Workflowkhng thun nht c ch ra hnh di y

Triu gi hnh vi hoc cc tin trnh con

Trao i Tin trnh/Trng thi hnh vi/ng dng iu khin /D liu WF

Phi hp cc im ng bc/ghi cc nh ngha tin trnh

Hnh 2-11. Giao din chc nng giao tip ca Workflow

C hai kha cnh ln cn xem xt vi chc nng giao tip:

Workflow API and Interchange formats Workflow API and Interchange formats

Workflow Enactment Service Workflow Enactment Service

WorkflowEngine(s)

WorkflowEngine(s)

A1A4

A2 A3

A5 B1B3

B2

Tin trnh

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