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N-133 REV. L ENGLISH 07 / 2013

PROPERTY OF PETROBRAS 107 pages, Index of Revisions and WG

Welding

Procedure

This Standard replaces and cancels its previous revision.

The CONTEC - Authoring Subcommittee provides guidance on theinterpretation of this Standard when questions arise regarding its contents. TheDepartment of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard is responsible for adoptingand applying the sections, subsections and enumerates thereof.

CONTECComissão de Normalização

Técnica

Technical Requirement: A provision established as the most adequate and

which shall be used strictly in accordance with this Standard. If a decision istaken not to follow the requirement (“non-conformity” to this Standard) it shall bebased on well-founded economic and management reasons, and be approvedand registered by the Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard. It ischaracterized by imperative nature.

SC - 26

Recommended Practice: A provision that may be adopted under the conditionsof this Standard, but which admits (and draws attention to) the possibility ofthere being a more adequate alternative (not written in this Standard) to theparticular application. The alternative adopted shall be approved and registeredby the Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard. It is characterizedby verbs of a nonmandatory nature. It is indicated by the expression:[Recommended Practice].

Copies of the registered “non-conformities” to this Standard that may contribute

to the improvement thereof shall be submitted to the CONTEC - AuthoringSubcommittee.

Welding Proposed revisions to this Standard shall be submitted to the CONTEC - Authoring Subcommittee, indicating the alphanumeric identification and revisionof the Standard, the section, subsection and enumerate to be revised, theproposed text, and technical/economic justification for revision. The proposalsare evaluated during the work for alteration of this Standard.

“This Standard is exclusive property of Petróleo Brasileiro S. A. -PETROBRAS, internal application and PETROBRAS Subsidiaries andshall be used by its suppliers of goods and services under contracts orsimilar under the conditions established in Bidding, Contract, Agreementor similar.

The use of this Standard by other companies / organizations / governmentagencies and individuals is the sole responsibility of the users..”

Introduction

PETROBRAS Technical Standards are prepared by Working Groups - WG

(consisting specialized of Technical Collaborators from Company and its Subsidiaries), are

commented by Company Units and its Subsidiaries, are approved by the Authoring Subcommittees -

SCs (consisting of technicians from the same specialty, representing the various Company Units and

its Subsidiaries), and ratified by the Executive Nucleus (consisting of representatives of the Company

Units and its Subsidiaries). A PETROBRAS Technical Standard is subject to revision at any time by its

Authoring Subcommittee and shall be reviewed every 5 years to be revalidated, revised or cancelled.PETROBRAS Technical Standards are prepared in accordance with PETROBRAS Technical

Standard N-1. For complete information about PETROBRAS Technical Standards see PETROBRAS

Technical Standards Catalog.

http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-0001http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-0001

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Summary

Foreword ................................................................................................................................................ 12

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................. 12

2 Normative References ....................................................................................................................... 12

3 Terms and Definitions ........................................................................................................................ 15

4 General Conditions ............................................................................................................................ 17

4.1 General Welding Conditions ................................................................................................ 17

4.2 Welding Documents ............................................................................................................. 18

4.3 Welding Procedure Qualification .......................................................................................... 18

4.4 Personnel Qualification ........................................................................................................ 20

4.4.1 Welder and Welding Operator ..................................................................................... 20

4.4.2 Inspectors ..................................................................................................................... 21

4.4.3 Welding Supervisors or Welding Foremen .................................................................. 22

4.4.4 Certified Welding Specialist Engineer and Certified Welding Technologist ................. 22

4.5 Welding Processes and Equipment ..................................................................................... 23

4.6 Welding Technique............................................................................................................... 24

4.7 Consumable ......................................................................................................................... 26

4.8 Environmental Conditions .................................................................................................... 28

4.9 Preheating and Interpass Temperature ............................................................................... 28

4.10 Post-heating ....................................................................................................................... 29

4.11 Inspection and Quality Control ........................................................................................... 29

4.12 Weld Repairs ...................................................................................................................... 30

4.13 Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) ................................................................................... 30

4.14 Auxiliary Assembly Devices ............................................................................................... 31

4.15 Marking of Welded Joints ................................................................................................... 31

4.16 Safety in Welding ............................................................................................................... 32

5 Materials ............................................................................................................................................ 32

5.1 Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel ....................................................................... 32

5.1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 32

5.1.2 Weldability .................................................................................................................... 32

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5.1.3 General Welding Technique ........................................................................................ 33

5.1.4 Applicable Welding Processes ..................................................................................... 33

5.1.4.1 SMAW .................................................................................................................. 33

5.1.4.2 GTAW .................................................................................................................. 34

5.1.4.3 GMAW.................................................................................................................. 34

5.1.4.4 FCAW................................................................................................................... 34

5.1.4.5 SAW ..................................................................................................................... 34

5.1.5 Preheating and Interpass Temperature ....................................................................... 34

5.1.6 Post-heating ................................................................................................................. 36

5.1.7 Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) ............................................................................. 36

5.1.8 Weld Repair ................................................................................................................. 36

5.1.9 Supplementary Requirements for Maintenance Weld ................................................. 36

5.2 Heat-Treated Low Alloy Steel .............................................................................................. 36

5.2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 36

5.2.2 Weldability .................................................................................................................... 37



5.2.5 General Conditions for Consumables .......................................................................... 37

5.2.6 Preheating and Interpass ............................................................................................. 38

5.2.7 Post-Heating ................................................................................................................ 38


5.2.9 Maintenance Weld Repair ............................................................................................ 38

5.2.10 Supplementary Requirements for Inspection ............................................................. 38

5.3 Chrome-Molybdenum Steels and Molybdenum Steels ........................................................ 39

5.3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 39

5.3.2 Weldability .................................................................................................................... 39



5.3.4.1 SMAW .................................................................................................................. 40

5.3.4.2 GTAW .................................................................................................................. 40

5.3.4.3 GMAW.................................................................................................................. 40

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5.3.4.4 FCAW-G ............................................................................................................... 41

5.3.4.5 SAW ..................................................................................................................... 41



5.3.7 Post-heating ................................................................................................................. 44


5.3.9 Hardness Test in Homogeneous Joints ....................................................................... 46

5.3.10 Weld Repair ............................................................................................................... 46

5.3.11 Supplementary Requirements for Maintenance Weld ............................................... 46


5.4 Nickel Steel .......................................................................................................................... 47

5.4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 47

5.4.2 Weldability .................................................................................................................... 47



5.4.4.1 SMAW .................................................................................................................. 48

5.4.4.2 GTAW .................................................................................................................. 48

5.4.4.3 GMAW.................................................................................................................. 48

5.4.4.4 SAW ..................................................................................................................... 49



5.4.7 Post-heating ................................................................................................................. 50


5.4.9 Weld Repair ................................................................................................................. 51



5.5 Austenitic Stainless Steels ................................................................................................... 51

5.5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 51

5.5.2 Weldability .................................................................................................................... 52



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5.5.4.1 SMAW .................................................................................................................. 55

5.5.4.2 GTAW .................................................................................................................. 55

5.5.4.3 GMAW.................................................................................................................. 55

5.5.4.4 FCAW................................................................................................................... 56

5.5.4.5 SAW ..................................................................................................................... 56



5.5.7 Post-heating ................................................................................................................. 58


5.5.9 Weld Repair ................................................................................................................. 58



5.6 Superaustenitic Stainless Steels .......................................................................................... 59

5.6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 59

5.6.2 Weldability .................................................................................................................... 59



5.6.4.1 SMAW .................................................................................................................. 60

5.6.4.2 GTAW .................................................................................................................. 60

5.6.4.3 GMAW.................................................................................................................. 60



5.6.7 Post-heating ................................................................................................................. 62


5.6.9 Heat Treatment of Solubilization .................................................................................. 62

5.6.10 Weld Repair ............................................................................................................... 62



5.7 Duplex, Superduplex and Hyperduplex Stainless Steels ..................................................... 63

5.7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 63

5.7.2 Weldability .................................................................................................................... 64

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5.7.4.1 SMAW .................................................................................................................. 67

5.7.4.2 GTAW .................................................................................................................. 67

5.7.4.3 GMAW.................................................................................................................. 68

5.7.4.4 SAW ..................................................................................................................... 68



5.7.7 Post-heating ................................................................................................................. 69


5.7.9 Weld Repair ................................................................................................................. 69



5.8 Martensitic Stainless Steels ................................................................................................. 69

5.8.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 69

5.8.2 Weldability .................................................................................................................... 69



5.8.4.1 SMAW .................................................................................................................. 70

5.8.4.2 GTAW .................................................................................................................. 71

5.8.4.3 GMAW.................................................................................................................. 71

5.8.4.4 FCAW................................................................................................................... 71

5.8.4.5 SAW ..................................................................................................................... 71



5.8.7 Post-heating ................................................................................................................. 72


5.8.9 Weld Repair ................................................................................................................. 73


5.9 Ferritic Stainless Steels ........................................................................................................ 73

5.9.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 73

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5.9.2 Weldability .................................................................................................................... 73



5.9.4.1 SMAW .................................................................................................................. 74

5.9.4.2 GTAW .................................................................................................................. 75

5.9.4.3 GMAW.................................................................................................................. 75

5.9.4.4 FCAW................................................................................................................... 75

5.9.4.5 SAW ..................................................................................................................... 75



5.9.7 Post-Heating ................................................................................................................ 77


5.9.9 Weld Repair ................................................................................................................. 77


5.10 Nickel and Nickel Alloys ..................................................................................................... 78

5.10.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 78

5.10.2 Weldability .................................................................................................................. 78

5.10.3 General Welding Technique ...................................................................................... 79

5.10.4 Applicable Welding Processes ................................................................................... 80

5.10.4.1 SMAW ................................................................................................................ 80

5.10.4.2 GTAW ................................................................................................................ 80

5.10.4.3 GMAW ................................................................................................................ 80

5.10.4.4 FCAW ................................................................................................................. 80

5.10.4.5 SAW ................................................................................................................... 81

5.10.5 General Conditions for Consumables ........................................................................ 81

5.10.6 Preheating and Interpass ........................................................................................... 82

5.10.7 Post-heating ............................................................................................................... 82

5.10.8 Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) ........................................................................... 82

5.10.9 Weld Repair ............................................................................................................... 82

5.10.10 Supplementary Requirements for Inspection ........................................................... 82

5.11 Copper and Copper Alloys ................................................................................................. 83

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5.11.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 83

5.11.2 Weldability .................................................................................................................. 83



5.11.4.1 SMAW ................................................................................................................ 84

5.11.4.2 GTAW ................................................................................................................ 84

5.11.4.3 GMAW ................................................................................................................ 84


5.11.6 Preheating and Interpass ........................................................................................... 85

5.11.7 Post-heating ............................................................................................................... 85


5.12 Welding of Metal Sheets and Coated Tubes ..................................................................... 85

5.12.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 85

5.12.2 Types of Metal Coatings ............................................................................................ 86

5.12.2.1 Cladded Plate .................................................................................................... 86

5.12.2.2 Plate with Coating Deposited by Welding (Weld Overlay) ................................. 86

5.12.2.3 Plate with Lining ................................................................................................. 86

5.12.3 Weldability .................................................................................................................. 86




5.12.7 Preheating and Interpass Temperature ..................................................................... 90

5.12.8 Post-heating ............................................................................................................... 91


5.12.10 Supplementary Requirements for Inspection ........................................................... 91

5.13 Dissimilar Welding .............................................................................................................. 92

5.13.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 92

5.13.2 Base Metal ................................................................................................................. 92



5.13.5 Preheating and Interpass Temperature ..................................................................... 94

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5.13.6 Post-heating ............................................................................................................... 94



Annex A - Instructions for Sampling Inspection on Receipt of Consumables ....................................... 96

A.1 Objective ........................................................................................................................................ 96

A.2 Sampling ........................................................................................................................................ 96

A.3 Guide For Determination of Sample Size and Acceptance and Rejection Limits .......................... 97

Annex B - Hardness Measurement Test [Recommended Practice] ...................................................... 99

B.1 Objective ........................................................................................................................................ 99

B.2 General Conditions ........................................................................................................................ 99

B.2.1 Calibration of Bench and Portable Measurement System ................................................ 99

B.2.2 Personnel Qualification ..................................................................................................... 99

B.2.3 Hardness Measurement in Laboratory ........................................................................... 100

B.2.3.1 Measurement Procedure ........................................................................................ 100

B.2.3.2 Test Reports ........................................................................................................... 100

B.2.3.3 Test Specimen for Welding Procedure Qualification .............................................. 101

B.2.3.4 Hardness Measurement in Welding Procedure Qualification ................................. 101

B.2.4 Hardness Measurement in Field ..................................................................................... 104

B.2.4.1 Measurement Procedure ........................................................................................ 104

B.2.4.2 Test Reports ........................................................................................................... 105

B.2.4.3 Suitability of Field Portable Instruments ................................................................. 105

B.2.4.4 Surface Preparation ................................................................................................ 106

B.2.4.5 Hardness Measurement Test Performance ........................................................... 107

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Figures

Figure 1 - Detail for Determination of Thickness ................................................................................... 35

Figure 2 - Examples of Solidification Cracks ......................................................................................... 53

Figure 3 - Examples of Torch Outlet Profile .......................................................................................... 53

Figure 4 - Examples of Contamination Due to Different Concentrations of Oxygen in Purge Gas ... 54

Figure 5 - Heat Input and Corrosion Resistance ................................................................................... 66

Figure 6 - Joint Preparation of Coated Plate with Access on Both Sides ............................................. 86

Figure 7 - Preparation of Joint from Coated Plate with Access Only on the Substrate Side ................ 86

Figure A.1 - Application Diagram of a Simple Sampling Plan ............................................................... 98

Figure B.1 - Hardness Profile for Double V Bevel ............................................................................... 102

Figure B.2 - Hardness Profile for V Bevel ........................................................................................... 102

Figure B.3 – Hardness Measurement Points for Profile in V Bevel on Upper Face ............................ 103

Figure B.4 – Hardness Measurement Points for Profile in V Bevel on Root ....................................... 103

Figure B.5 - Hardness Measurement Points in Profile of Plate with Coating Deposited by Welding(Weld Overlay) ................................................................................................................ 104

Figure B.6 - Hardness Measurement Points in Welded Joint Surface (Weld Metal, HAZ, and BaseMetal) for Validation of Portable Durometer ................................................................... 106

Figure B.7 - Surface Preparation for Hardness Measurement in Weld ............................................... 106

Figure B.8 - Hardness Measurement Points on Welded Joint Surface ............................................... 107

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Tables

Table 1 - Diffusible Hydrogen Limit in FCAW Electrodes ...................................................................... 33

Table 2 - Minimum Preheating and Interpass Temperatures Specified for Welding of Carbon Steel andCarbon-manganese Steel ...................................................................................................... 34

Table 3 - Minimum and Maximum Preheating and Interpass Temperature of Heat-Treated Low AlloySteels .................................................................................................................................... 38

Table 4 - Designation of P numbers, According to ASME BPVC Section IX ........................................ 39

Table 5 - Consumables for Molybdenum and Chromium-Molybdenum Steels ..................................... 42

Table 6 - Consumables for Heterogeneous Welding of Molybdenum and Chromium-MolybdenumSteels .................................................................................................................................... 43

Table 7 - Preheating and Interpass Temperature for Chromium-Molybdenum and Molybdenum Steels ... 44

Table 8 - Post-heating for Chromium-Molybdenum and Molybdenum Steels ...................................... 45

Table 9 - Hardness in Welded and Heat Affected Zone after PWHT .................................................... 46

Table 10 - Electrodes and Rods for Nickel Steel................................................................................... 49

Table 11 - Minimum Preheating and Interpass Temperature for Welding of Steels to Nickel -Homogeneous Welding ......................................................................................................... 50

Table 12 - Minimum Preheating and Interpass Temperature for Welding of Steels to Nickel -

Heterogeneous Welding ...................................................................................................... 50

Table 13 - Consumables of Austenitic Stainless Steels ........................................................................ 57

Table 14 - Coated Electrode, Rod and Solid Wire for Welding of Superaustenitic Stainless Steels .... 61

Table 15 - Chemical Composition (% in Weight) of the Main Duplex Stainless Steels ......................... 64

Table 16 - Additional Testing to ASME BPVC Section IX ..................................................................... 67

Table 17 - Consumables of Duplex and Superduplex Stainless Steels ................................................ 68

Table 18 - Electrodes and Rods for Martensitic Stainless Steels ......................................................... 72

Table 19 - Electrodes and Rods for Ferritic Stainless Steels ................................................................ 76

Table 20 - Electrodes, Rods and Solid Wires for Nickel and Nickel Alloys ........................................... 81

Table 21 - Rods for Copper and Copper Alloys .................................................................................... 85

Table 22 - Filler Metals for Coating Deposited by Welding - Weld Overlay - in Carbon Steel or Low Alloy Base-Plate on Equipment with No Need for PWHT .................................................... 89

Table 23 - Filler Metals for Coating Deposited by Welding - Weld Overlay - in Carbon Steel or Low Alloy Base-Plate on Equipment Requiring PWHT ............................................................... 90

Table 24 - Consumables, Preheating and Post-Heating Temperatures for Welding of Dissimilar Joints ... 92

Table A.1 - Simple Sampling Plan - Normal Inspection of Consumer’s Risk 5 % and 10 % ................ 96

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Foreword

This Standard is the English version (issued in 12/2013) of PETROBRAS N-133 REV. L 07/2013. In caseof doubt, the Portuguese version, which is the valid document for all intents and purposes, shall be used.

1 Scope

1.1 This Standard establishes the requirements and recommended practices for fusion welding ofsteels and nonferrous alloys, except for 1.1.1 and 1.1.2.

1.1.1 In the event of welding or hot tapping of equipment, industrial pipes and pipelines in operationwith internal fluid, PETROBRAS N-2163 shall be used.

1.1.2 In the event of underwater welding, PETROBRAS N-2036 shall be used.

1.2 This Standard applies to the following materials and conditions:

a) carbon steel and carbon-manganese;b) heat-treated low alloy steel;c) chrome-molybdenum steel and molybdenum steel;d) nickel steel;e) austenitic stainless steel;f) super-austenitic stainless steel;g) duplex, super-duplex and hyper-duplex stainless steels;h) martensitic stainless steel;i) ferritic stainless steel; j) nickel and nickel alloy;k) copper and copper alloy;l) coated sheet;m) dissimilar welding.

1.3 This Standard applies to procedures started as of its date of issuance.

1.4 This Standard contains Technical Requirements and Recommended Practices.

2 Normative References

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenceddocument applies.

PETROBRAS N-1438 - Terminologia Soldagem;

PETROBRAS N-1738 - Descontinuidades em Juntas Soldadas, Fundidos, Forjados e Laminados;

PETROBRAS N-1859 - Qualificação de Consumíveis de Soldagem;

PETROBRAS N-2036 - Soldagem Subaquática;

PETROBRAS N-2163 - Soldagem e Trepanação em Equipamentos, Tubulações Industriais

e Dutos em Operação;

PETROBRAS N-2301 - Elaboração da Documentação Técnica de Soldagem;

PETROBRAS N-2349 - Segurança nos Trabalhos de Soldagem e Corte;

http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2163http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2163http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2163http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2036http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2036http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2036http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-1438http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-1438http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-1738http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-1738http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-1859http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-1859http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2036http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2036http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2163http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2163http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2301http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2301http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2349http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2349http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2349http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2349http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2163http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2036http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2301http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2163http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-2036http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-1859http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-1738http://nortec.engenharia.petrobras.com.br/link.asp?cod=N-1438

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ABNT NBR 5425 - Guia para Inspeção por Amostragem no Controle e na Certificação deQualidade;

ABNT NBR 5426 - Planos de Amostragem e Procedimentos na Inspeção por Atributos;

ABNT NBR 5427 - Guia para Utilização da Norma ABNT NBR 5426 - Planos de Amostragem e Procedimentos na Inspeção por Atributos;

ABNT NBR 14842 - Critérios para a Qualificação e Certificação de Inspetores de Soldagem;

ABNT NBR ISO IEC 17025 - Requisitos Gerais para Competência de Laboratórios deEnsaios e Calibração;

ABNT NBR NM ISO 9712 - Ensaio Não Destrutivo - Qualificação e Certificação de Pessoal;

FBTS 007 - Critérios para a Qualificação e Certificação de Engenheiro Especialista emSoldagem e Tecnólogo de Soldagem;

ISO IEC 17024 - Conformity Assessment - General Requirements for Bodies OperatingCertification of Persons;

ISO GUIDE 65 - General Requirements for Bodies Operating Product Certification Systems;

API 510 - Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-Service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration;

API RP 582 - Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil, and Gas Industries;

API RP 934-A - Materials and Fabrication of 2 1/4Cr-1Mo, 2 1/4Cr-1Mo-1/4V, 3Cr-1Mo, and3Cr-1Mo-1/4V Steel Heavy Wall Pressure Vessels for High-temperature, High-pressureHydrogen Service;

API TR 934-B - Fabrication Considerations for Vanadium-Modified Cr-Mo Steel Heavy WallPressure Vessels;

API RP 934-C - Materials and Fabrication of 1 1/4Cr-1/2Mo Steel Heavy Wall PressureVessels for High-pressure Hydrogen Service Operating at or Below 825 °F (441 °C);

API TR 934-D - Technical Report on the Materials and Fabrication Issues of 11/4Cr-1/2Moand 1Cr-1/2Mo Steel Pressure Vessels;

API RP 934-E - Recommended Practice for Materials and Fabrication of 11/4CR-1/2MoSteel Pressure Vessels for Service Above 825 °F (440 °C);

API TR 938-B - Use of 9Cr-1Mo-V (Grade 91) Steel in the Oil Refining Industry;

ASME BPVC - Section II, Part C - Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and FillerMetals;

ASME BPVC - Section V - Nondestructive Examination;

ASME BPVC - Section VIII - Division 1 - Rules For Construction of Pressure Vessels;

ASME BPVC - Section IX - Qualification Standard for Welding and Brazing Procedures,Welders, Brazers, and Welding and Brazing Operators;

ASTM A 262 - Standard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in

Austenitic Stainless Steels;

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ASTM A 370 - Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products;

ASTM A 380 - Standard Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless SteelParts, Equipment, and Systems;

ASTM A 1038 - Standard Test Method for Portable Hardness Testing by the UltrasonicContact Impedance Method;

ASTM E 140 - Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship Among BrinellHardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness,and Scleroscope Hardness;

ASTM E 340 - Standard Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys;

ASTM E 384 - Standard Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of Materials;

ASTM E 562 - Standard Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic

Manual Point Count;

ASTM G 48 - Standard Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resistance ofStainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of Ferric Chloride Solution;

AWS A3.0 - Standard Welding Terms and Definitions Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding,Brazing, Soldering, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying;

AWS A4.2 - Standard Procedures for Calibrating Magnetic Instruments to Measure the DeltaFerrite Content of Austenitic and Duplex Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metal;

AWS A5.01 - Procurement Guidelines for Consumables - Welding and Allied Processes -Flux and Gas Shielded Electrical Welding Processes;

AWS A5.1 - Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding;

AWS A5.4 - Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding;

AWS A5.5 - Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding;

AWS A5.6 Specification for Copper and Copper-Alloy Electrodes for Shielded Metal ArcWelding;

AWS A5.7 - Specification for Copper and Copper-Alloy Bare Welding Rods and Electrodes;

AWS A5.9 - Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods;

AWS A5.11 - Specification for Nickel-Alloy Welding Electrodes for Shielded for Metal ArcWelding;

AWS A5.12 - Specification for Tungsten and Oxide Dispersed Tungsten Electrodes for ArcWelding and Cutting;

AWS A5.14 - Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and Rods;

AWS A5.17 - Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged ArcWelding;

AWS A5.18 - Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc

Welding;

AWS A5.22 - Specification for Stainless Steel Flux Cored and Metal Cored WeldingElectrodes and Rods;

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AWS A5.23 - Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding;

AWS A5.28 - Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding;

AWS A5.29 - Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding;

AWS A5.32 - Welding Consumables - Gases and Gas Mixtures for Fusion Welding and Allied Processes;

AWS A5.34 - Specification for Nickel-Alloy Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding;

AWS A5.36 - Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Flux Cored Electrodes for FluxCored Arc Welding and Metal Cored Electrodes for Gas Metal Arc Welding;

AWS C5.5 - Recommended Practices for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding;

AWS D1.1 - Structural Welding Code-Steel;

AWS D10.8 - Recommended Practices for Welding of Chromium-Molybdenum Steel Pipingand Tubing;

AWS D10.10 - Recommended Practices for Local Heating of Welds in Piping and Tubing;

NORSOK M-601 - Welding and Inspection of Piping;

WRC 452 - Recommended Practices for Local Heating of Welds in Pressure Vessels.

NOTE For documents referred in this Standard and for which only the Portuguese version isavailable, the PETROBRAS department that uses this Standard should be consulted for anyinformation required for the specific application.

3 Terms and Definitions

For purposes of this document, the terms and definitions of PETROBRAS N-1438, N-1738, APIRP 582, AWS A3.0 and the following ones are applied.

3.1controlled depositiondeposition technique with heat input control of each pass and with ratio between inputs, according to apredetermined sequence of welding

3.2EGW - Electrogas Weldingwelding process using electro-gas

3.3ERW - Electrical Resistance Weldingwelding process using electrical resistance

3.4ESW - Electroslag Weldingwelding process using electro-slag

3.5FCAW-G - Gas Shielded Flux Cored Arc-Weldingwelding process using gas shielded flux-cored wire

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3.6FCAW-S - Flux Cored Self-Shielded Arc Weldingwelding process using self-shielded flux-cored wire

3.7GMAW - Gas Metal Arc Weldingarc welding process using shielding gas, with automatic wire feeding. Also known as "MIG/MAG"

3.8GTAW - Gas Tungsten Arc Weldingarc welding process using shielding gas with non-consumable tungsten electrode. Also known as"TIG"

3.9

level 2 welding inspectorprofessional certified by the Sistema Nacional de Qualificação e Certificação - Pessoal (SNQC-PS) aswelding inspector level 2 in the design standard applicable to the service

3.10high level of diffusible hydrogen in the weld metalhydrogen level exceeding 16 mL of hydrogen per 100 g of deposited weld metal

3.11low level of diffusible hydrogen in the weld metalhydrogen level above 4 mL and of 8 mL or below per 100 g of deposited weld metal (H8)

3.12extra low level of diffusible hydrogen in the weld metalhydrogen level exceeding 4 mL of hydrogen per 100 g of deposited weld metal (H4)

3.13average level of diffusible hydrogen in the weld metalhydrogen level above 8 mL and of 16 mL or below per 100 g of deposited weld metal (H16)

3.14

oscillating passthe oscillation of the electrode exceeds in more than three times the diameter of the electrode corewire

3.15straight-line passstraight-line pass with no significant oscillation, in order to ensure specific requirements for corrosionresistance and toughness. In some cases, depending on the base material, the bead may have awidth up to three times the diameter of the coated electrode core wire

3.16

PAW - Plasma Arc Weldingwelding process using plasma

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3.17welding responsible technician of PETROBRASmaintenance professional of PETROBRAS’ Operating Units and technician responsible for welding,designated by the Operating Unit and qualified to assess the behavior of the welded joint regarding

the application and exposure to the environment. The selection of the Welding ProcedureSpecification / Welding Procedure Qualification Record (WPS / RQPS) that best meets the serviceconditions will be responsibility of this professional, who shall be registered in the Conselho Regionalde Engenharia e Arquitetura (CREA), have experience and solid background in the welding area

3.18SAW - Submerged Arc Weldingwelding process using submerged arc

3.19SMAW - Shielded Metal Arc Welding

welding process using coated electrode

3.20multiple pass weldingfusion weld produced by more than one progression of arc, flame, or the energy source (pass) alongthe joint

3.21welding supervisor or welding foremanleader of the team of welders, responsible for the team performance based on his/her knowledgeabout the qualification criteria of welders and welding operators, WPS, Instruction for Execution and

Welding Inspection (IEIS), welding position, range of thicknesses, welding symbols and terminology,and technical drawing

3.22SW - Stud Weldingwelding process using studs

4 General Conditions

4.1 General Welding Conditions

4.1.1 This Standard shall be used in conjunction with the design, fabrication, assembly and postfabrication standards, and with standards of additional requirements relating to the service conditionsof the equipment item or the structure. The conflicting requirements shall be discussed during theclarification phase in bidding period, with PETROBRAS’s decision prevailing.

4.1.2 Welding is not permitted without the required qualification of welders and welding procedures,according to the design code.

4.1.3 The requirements for welding operation are found in this Section, being valid for any of the

materials mentioned and all equipment items or structures made from those materials.

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4.1.4 Section 5 lists the requirements relating to various materials mentioned, such as, for example,an indication of consumables, welding processes, pre-heating, post-heating and heat treatmenttemperatures, and specific conditions for welding technique of the materials.

4.1.5 All welding requirements which depend on the characteristics of the equipment or structure,such as, for example, details of bevels, adjustment of parts, dimensional tolerances, need for heattreatment and its application method, requirements for inspection, and evaluation criteria of defects,are not contained in this standard. This information is defined by design, fabrication, assembly andpost fabrication standards, and with standards of additional requirements relating to the serviceconditions of the equipment item or the structure.

4.1.6 The heterogeneous welding shall be avoided, and its performance is mandatorily tied to priorapproval by PETROBRAS.

4.1.7 The autogenous welding shall be avoided, and its performance is mandatorily tied to priorapproval by PETROBRAS.

4.2 Welding Documents

4.2.1 All welding documents shall be prepared in accordance with PETROBRAS N-2301.

4.2.2 Welding documents shall be prepared and qualified in accordance with design, fabrication,assembly and maintenance designs, as well as with technical specifications and contractrequirements, which may indicate additional testing, based on service or material conditions.

4.2.3 Welding documents shall be approved by the qualified welding professionals, according to4.4.2.1 or 4.4.4, observing the responsibilities of each certification level, except as described in 4.2.4.

4.2.4 For welding in operation, maintenance or works under management of PETROBRAS' OperatingUnits, the IESI may be approved by the welding responsible technician of PETROBRAS.[Recommended Practice]

4.2.5 The selection of WPS/RQPS for welding operation and maintenance, when done by the weldingprofessional of the contractor, shall be endorsed by the welding responsible technician of

PETROBRAS.

4.2.6 Prequalified welding procedures provided in AWS D1.1 and the standard procedures specifiedin ASME BPVC Section IX are not accepted by PETROBRAS.

4.3 Welding Procedure Qualification

4.3.1 The test specimens shall be identified in the test coupon before being removed, and theiridentification shall be maintained until the tests are performed.

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4.3.2 The maximum tensile strength of the deposited weld metal shall be equal to or greater than theminimum tensile strength specified for the base metal in the homogeneous welding. For dissimilarwelding, the maximum tensile strength of deposited weld metal shall be equal to or greater than theminimum tensile strength specified for the base metal of lower strength.

4.3.3 In the bend test, the melted and heat affected zones of the joints shall be contained within thebent portion of the test specimen and show plastic deformation.

4.3.4 Test specimens for mechanical tests shall undergo dimensional and visual inspection beforetests are performed.

NOTE The dimensional tolerances and finish level of impact test specimens shall comply with ASTM A 370. The notch inspection of the impact test specimen shall be made in a profilecomparator.

4.3.5 When impact testing on heterogeneous welds and dissimilar joints is required, all zones ofdifferent chemical composition, such as Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) and the fusion zone, shall berepresented by complete set of test specimens with notch located within those zones.

4.3.6 When the design, fabrication or assembly standard requires hardness testing in qualification ofwelding procedure, the Annex B of this Standard may be adopted on fusion zone, heat affected zoneand base metal, and its results shall be compatible with the reference standard. [RecommendedPractice]

NOTE When Annex B is adopted, it shall not be partially applied; it shall be fully applied, as anormative requirement.

4.3.7 The application method and trademark of protective varnish of bevel shall be evaluated duringthe qualification of welding procedure, when its removal before welding is not provided.

4.3.8 For clad plates, a method that proves the complete removal of the coating material shall beassessed and approved during the welding procedure qualification. This method may not leaveresidues that contaminate the weld metal.

4.3.9 For pressure vessel and other equipment with toughness requirements, during the weldingprocedure qualification, the test specimens to be submitted to mechanical testing shall undergo a Post

Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) that simulates all PWHT performed during fabrication and assemblyphases, and an additional one, foreseeing a future repair of equipment.

4.3.10 In PWHT of the test coupon used for procedure qualification, the provisions of 4.13 shall beobserved.

4.3.11 Welding consumables shall be approved according to 4.7.1. In case of welding consumablesare required to be approved by PETROBRAS N-1859, the consumable trademark is not an essentialvariable in qualified procedures, unless the trademark is an essential variable required by designcode.

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4.3.12 During fabrication or assembly using materials supplied in quenched and tempered or heat-mechanical treatment condition, the welding procedure qualification shall be performed with thematerial of the same fabrication and heat treatment process. For enlargement of existing facilities,maintenance or rehabilitation of pipelines, the materials used shall have their quality certificate issued

by the manufacturer, containing analyzed mechanical and chemical composition properties. In thesecases, hardness shall also be measured. For maintenance services, in the occasional absence of themanufacturer’s quality certificate, mechanical tests and chemical analyses shall be performed,monitored by PETROBRAS, in order to fit in the design standard.

4.3.13 The welding procedure qualification and its tests for mirror tube welded joints shall comply withthe design standard and with API RP 582.

4.3.14 For H2S service, the minimum value of the final qualified range shall be limited to 10 % belowthe value recorded by the test coupon presenting the lowest heat input.

4.4 Personnel Qualification

4.4.1 Welder and Welding Operator

4.4.1.1 Welders and welding operators shall be qualified in accordance with the applicable designstandards.

4.4.1.2 The qualification of welders and welding operators shall be documented by the WeldingRecord Report (RRS) and the Certificate of Qualification of Welders and Operators (RQS).

4.4.1.3 Qualified welders and welding operators shall bear visible identification including name, theBrazilian Register of Individual Taxpayers (CPF), the stamp number and qualification. For servicesperformed abroad, the CPF shall be replaced by code or numbering of the document thatunequivocally identifies the welders and operators.

4.4.1.4 A List of Qualified Welders and Welding Operators (RSQ) shall be issued.

4.4.1.5 Test specimens shall be identified in the test coupon, in order to be maintained traceable. Theidentification shall be maintained until the tests are performed.

4.4.1.6 For qualification of the welder or welding operator, the methods for cleaning between weldpasses, removal of craters, and arc strikes in the bevel or auxiliary plate shall be the same as thosespecified production welds.

4.4.1.7 The qualification of welder or welding operator shall include visual inspection of test couponwelds, with the same interpretation criterion of the design, fabrication and assembly standard ofequipment or structure.

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4.4.1.8 The control over performance of welders shall be carried out using the Control OverPerformance of Welders and Welding Operators (CDS) form, according to the calculationmethodology defined in PETROBRAS N-2301. The acceptance criteria listed below shall be includedin the specific procedure of the contractor, which shall be evaluated and approved by PETROBRAS

before starting the services:

a) maintenance in workshop: in radiograph, a total not exceeding 5 % of disapproved films(a film) in a minimum of twenty radiographed films, or, in ultrasound, the sum of defectivelengths not exceeding 2,0 % (60 mm) in at least 3,0 m of weld inspected in thedevelopment of the welded perimeter;

b) maintenance in field: in radiography, a total not exceeding 15 % of disapproved films (afilm) in a minimum of twenty radiographed films, or, in ultrasound, the sum of defectivelengths not exceeding 5,0 % (150 mm) in at least 3,0 m of weld inspected in thedevelopment of the welded perimeter;

NOTE 1 For radiography, it is understood that the welder shall be disqualified when four films forwelds in field or two films for welds in workshop are disapproved, regardless of reaching the

amount of twenty films in the period.NOTE 2 For ultrasound, it is understood that the welder shall be disqualified when he/she obtains the

minimum repair length of 60 mm for welds in workshop or 150 mm for welds in field,regardless of reaching the minimum length to be inspected of 3,0 m.

c) construction and assembly: in radiography, a total not exceeding 10 % of disapprovedfilms (two films) in a minimum of twenty radiographed films, or, in ultrasound, the sum ofdefective lengths not exceeding 2,5% (75 mm) in at least 3 m of weld inspected in thedevelopment of the welded perimeter;

d) fabrication: in radiography, a total not exceeding 10 % of disapproved films (four films) ina minimum of forty radiographed films, or, in ultrasound, the sum of defective lengths notexceeding 2,5% (150 mm) in at least 6 m of weld inspected in the development of thewelded perimeter.

4.4.1.9 The periodicity for presentation of CDS shall be sufficient to ensure the required correctionsare done with no difficulty and without compromising the execution term and quality of work or servicein progress. 4.4.1.9 In every case, the periodicity for presentation of CDS shall be previously approvedby PETROBRAS.

4.4.2 Inspectors

4.4.2.1 Welding inspectors shall be qualified in accordance with the Sistema Nacional de Qualificaçãoe Certificação de Inspetores de Soldagem (SNQC - IS), according to ABNT NBR 14842. The welding

inspector level 2 shall be qualified and certified in the main applicable standard to perform theattributions provided in ABNT NBR 14842 in relation to welding documentation, monitoring andapproval of qualification tests, supervision of level 1 inspectors, etc. For welding services performedabroad, welding inspectors shall be qualified and certified by international entities meeting therequirements of ISO IEC 17024, in which case prior approval by PETROBRAS will be necessary. Thewelding inspector level 2 employed abroad shall also be qualified and certified in the main applicablestandard or evidence a minimum of one year of experience working with the mentioned standard.

4.4.2.2 For services performed in Brazil, the qualification and certification of personnel for non-destructive testing shall be made by the Sistema Nacional de Qualificação e Certificação em EnsaiosNão Destrutivos (SNQC - END), according to ABNT NBR NM ISO 9712, and the visual testing mayalso be performed by welding inspector qualified and certified by SNQC - IS. For inspection services

performed abroad, non-destructive testing inspectors shall be qualified and certified by independentinternational entities, accredited by national bodies in their respective countries, which fully meet therequirements of ISO IEC 17024 and operate in full compliance with ISO 9712.

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4.4.2.3 The monitoring of welding performance activities by certified welding inspectors level 1 andlevel 2 shall be made clear in applicable contracts.

4.4.3 Welding Supervisors or Welding Foremen

4.4.3.1 Welding supervisors and foremen shall have the following minimum knowledge:

a) interpret the welding information and parameters of IEIS;b) know the control methodology of quality, storage and drying of consumables, specified in

the contractor’s procedure;c) know the welder qualification limits;d) know and instruct welders about the required precautions for pre-heating

(homogenization e temperature measuring), interpass temperature control, andpost-heating.

4.4.3.2 It is understood as activities of the welding supervisor or foreman, for example:

a) review the service orders, IEIS, bevel drawings of joints to be welded, so as to:— determine the quantity and type of consumables to be requested;— specify which welding machines and process shall be used in each work front;— assign welders and/or welding operators to adequate fronts;— explain the requirements for bevel preparation, pre/post-heating and inter-pass

temperatures for each work front to welders and/or welding operators;b) ensure the correct consumables are delivered to each work front;c) monitor the work fronts in order to ensure that:

— every welder or welding operator in service in field/factory has been assigned to a taskwithin the scope of their certification;

— every welding service in field/factory is performed within the requirements of IEIS;— the storage requirements of welding consumables in work fronts are complied with;

d) ensure that joints to be welded in next shift have the correct joint geometry, and, if not,give feedback to the boiler supervision;

e) monitor the field assembly and adjustment of welding machines, ensuring they areworking properly;

f) at the end of each shift, ensure the consumables that returned to warehouse are dulyhandled and stored;

g) manage the workforce under his/her supervision, in order to ensure safety and goodprogress of welding services.

4.4.4 Certified Welding Specialist Engineer and Certified Welding Technologist

Welding specialist engineers and technologists shall be certified in accordance with the FundaçãoBrasileira de Tecnologia da Soldagem (FBTS), with their attributions defined by FBTS 007.

NOTE The certification process is being implemented by FBTS and will be available in January2014.

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4.5 Welding Processes and Equipment

4.5.1 Welding shall be performed using processes permitted by the design, fabrication and assembly

design of equipment or structure.

4.5.2 The insulation of electrode holders and cables shall be in good conditions, without flaws orunprotected regions, and properly sized for working conditions and personal safety. All welding shallbe performed according to the requirements of PETROBRAS N-2349.

4.5.3 The measurement instruments existing in welding sources shall be calibrated and within theexpiration date.

4.5.3.1 Welding source, cables, clamps, electrode holder, welding guns and torches, wire feeders,

control cables, extension cords, refrigeration unit, auxiliary command and control units coupled toequipment, high-frequency drive for GTAW process, and others that have direct interference in theprocess or are interdependent shall meet the requirements of NEMA (National ElectricalManufacturers Association) or IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission).

4.5.3.2 For SMAW, GTAW, GMAW, FCAW processes, it is recommended the use of inverter powersources, mainly for materials in 5.3 and 5.7. [Recommended Practice]

4.5.4 The welding inspector shall ensure that the quantity of current and voltage provided inWPS/IEIS remains within the qualified limits throughout the welding performance. The voltage shall bemeasured as close as possible to the electrode holder, without affecting the operation of welding

service in progress.

4.5.5 The oven for storage or receipt of coated electrodes, bare electrodes, tubular electrodes, rodsand fluxes shall have heating, a thermometer and hygrometer, in order to comply with 4.7.11. Thoseovens shall not be directly connected to welding source.

4.5.6 Ovens for drying coated electrodes and fluxes shall be provided with electrical resistances tocontrol and maintain the temperature up to 400

ºC, and have a thermometer, thermostat and vent with

a diameter larger than 10 mm.

4.5.6.1 Oven for drying coated electrodes shall have perforated or grid-shaped shelves at least 25mm away from the vertical walls.

4.5.6.2 Oven for drying fluxes shall have a shaking device or trays at least 25 mm away from thevertical walls.

4.5.7 Ovens used for keeping coated electrodes and fluxes dry shall be provided with a thermometer,thermostat and electrical resistances to control and keep temperatures up to 200 ºC. Ovens forkeeping coated electrodes dry shall have perforated or grid-shaped shelves.

4.5.8 There shall be at least one storage oven, a drying oven, and an oven for keeping things dry,which may be fixed or portable.

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4.5.9 The portable oven for keeping low hydrogen coated electrodes dry shall have electricalresistances to keep the temperature between 80 °C and 150 °C, and to be of exclusive use for eachwelder. The ovens shall be calibrated.

4.5.10 Equipment for pre-heating, post-heating and PWHT shall meet the fabrication and assemblyrequirements of the equipment or structure.

4.5.11 Pre-heating, interpass and post-heating temperatures shall be checked by means of optical orcontact pyrometer, taking care so that the instrument adjustment is correlated with the emissivity ofthe material. The temperature stick may also be used, as long as it does not conflict with Section 5.

4.5.12 Measuring and testing instruments shall be calibrated in accredited laboratories, according to ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 17025. It is acceptable that the calibrations are performed using standards tracedby the Rede Brasileira de Calibração (RBC) or INMETRO. For calibration performed abroad, thelaboratory shall have its metrological system formally recognized as operating in accordance with

ISO/IEC 17025. Calibration of measuring and testing instruments shall follow a Calibration Plancontained in the Quality System of the unit or contractor.

4.5.13 Tungsten electrodes specified in AWS A5.12 shall be used. The electrode sharpening profileshall be performed in accordance with AWS C5.5. Sharpening shall be performed longitudinally on theelectrode.

4.5.14 It is recommended the use of tungsten electrodes connected to Cerium (Ce), Lanthanum (La)and Zirconium (Zr). [Recommended Practice]

4.5.15 For the preparation of the thoriated electrode tips, it shall be used a tungsten sharpener withcontainer that prevents dispersion in the environment.

4.6 Welding Technique

4.6.1 The use grounding clamps made of copper alloys is not allowed. In addition, there shall be nocontact of between copper pieces (or its alloys) and the areas heated or melted by welding and heattreatment, except in the case of copper bars for lateral protection of electrogas welding and copperbutt-straps that are not consumable in any process.

4.6.2 The electrical welding arc shall be struck at the bevel or an appendix plate used for thatpurpose.

4.6.3 Joints to be welded shall be free of oil, grease, rust, slag, paint, liquid penetrant testingresidues, sand, and soot from gas preheating, in an area of at least 25 mm on each side of the edges,both internally and externally.

4.6.4 For welding with gas shielding, the bevel and edges shall be cleaned to white metal, in an areaof at least 25 mm on both internal and external sides.

4.6.5 When preparing the bevel, thermal or mechanical cutting irregularities and slag shall beremoved.

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4.6.6 Carbon, slag and copper deposits resulting from carbon electrode cutting operations shall bemechanically removed to ensure complete removal of HAZ and the contaminants.

4.6.7 Stainless steel, nickel and nickel-alloy materials shall be stored, handled and processedcompletely separated from other materials, in order to avoid the risk of contamination.

4.6.8 Slag removal and cleaning tools shall be made of materials suitable for each base metal.

4.6.9 The gas shielding shall comply with requirements of AWS A5.32. This requirement shall bemandatory from July 2014 on.

4.6.10 When required in Section 5, the inert gas protection shall be used from the inside of the part(purge) until it reaches the lower value between: deposit (root pass + filling) of 6.4 mm or the thickness

of the welded joint.

4.6.11 In general, controlled hammering of welds is not permitted; however, it may be accepted ifapproved by PETROBRAS and supported by qualified procedure, except for the first and last layer, forwhich it is always prohibited.

4.6.12 During the welding performance, pore, slag, and discontinuities identified by visual testing shallbe removed.

4.6.13 When liquid penetrant or magnetic particle testing after gouging is required, the surface

preparation for the test shall be made by grinding or other machining process.

4.6.14 The welding procedure for socket welds shall be with the GTAW process, with at least threelayers and a smooth convex profile. Special attention shall be given to protection against air currents,humidity, rain and dust, due to the criticality of that joint configuration. It is required a liquid penetranttesting on 100% of the joints, with no indication being allowed.

4.6.15 Specific conditions for the Flux Cored arc-welding (FCAW):

a) the self-shielded process (FCAW-S) shall be only used for welding carbon-steel structuralelements. When the metal structure shows impact requirement, only classifications of

consumables that have minimum impact evidenced by lot and with prior approval ofPETROBRAS may be used;

b) flux-cored wires identified by the manufacturer for multiple pass welding may be used;c) the process with gas shielding may be used for welding of butt or angle joints of structural

elements and pressure components;d) the use of welding consumables with AWS classification different from the one used in

the qualification procedure is not permitted;e) The process for use in derivations, extensions, pipe connections with hull (nozzles) and

socket welds may be used as long as the welder is qualified in 6GR position, according to AWS D1.1.

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NOTE The adoption of 6GR position does not imply in adoption of AWS qualification requirements,and the same qualification requirements in the equipment or piping qualification standardshall be used.

4.6.16 Specific conditions for the short circuit GMAW process welding (GMAW-S):

a) the process for use in derivations, extensions, pipe connections with hull (nozzles) andsocket welds may be used as long as the welder is qualified in 6GR position, according to AWS D1.1;

NOTE 1 The adoption of 6GR position does not imply in adoption of AWS qualification requirements,and the same qualification requirements in the equipment or piping qualification standardshall be used.

NOTE 2 This requirement is not applied to controlled short circuit GMAW.

b) filling and finishing passes in butt or angle welds may be performed using this process, aslong as the thickness of any element does not exceed 3/8” (9,5 mm) and the vertical

welding is performed in ascending progression.

4.6.17 Specific conditions for the process of submerged arc welding (SAW):

a) the semiautomatic manual process is not permitted;b) except for carbon steel welding without impact requirement, the change of flux

trademark is an essential variable for welding procedure;c) for low hydrogen fluxes, they shall be kept in the conditions established by the

manufactured during the welding process.

4.7 Consumable

4.7.1 Consumables used in Brazil shall be certified by the Product Certification Body (OCP) as aConformity Assessment Body (OAC) accredited by INMETRO under the Sistema Brasileiro de Avaliação de Conformidade (SBAC), according to PETROBRAS N-1859. When used abroad, theyshall be certified by an OCP accredited by INMETRO or a foreign OCP that complies withISO GUIDE 65 and after previous approval of PETROBRAS. In this case, the consumable trademarkdoes not comprise an essential variable in the qualified procedures. In case the welding consumablesare not certified by the OCP, the change in consumable trademark, even if this does not modify itsclassification, results in the requalification of the welding procedure.

NOTE In procedures with consumables qualified according to PETROBRAS N-1859 Annex A, therequalification of welding procedure is not necessary.

4.7.2 Once the consumables with suffix G are not certifiable by OCP, their use shall be limited tosituations in which there is no specific classification to optimize a characteristic required for welding ofa given material, mentioned in 5.1. If their use is required, the RQPS and WPS shall clearly contain:trademark, specified chemical composition of deposited weld metal, specific toughness requirements(testing temperature and impact energy), and post-weld condition (as welded or treated). In addition, itshall have lot control, according to AWS A5.01 Schedule J. The welding of that consumable shall beused only with previous approval of PETROBRAS. The respective lot certificates shall present thevalues specified and accepted by PETROBRAS. For use of consumables generically classified (whichmeans, equivalent to suffix “G”) with specification different from AWS, such as, for example, ofEuropean standard (EN) or standard ISO, (only allowed when provided in the design standard ofequipment), the same requirements described herein for suffix “G” consumables of specification AWS

shall be met.

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4.7.3 The selection of consumables shall be in accordance with the requirements set forth in Section5 of this Standard. For processes not covered by Section 5, the corresponding specification of ASMEBPCV - Section II, Part C shall be followed.

4.7.4 The package of the coated electrode, rod or rolled wire shall indicate, legibly and withouterasures, its trademark, specification, classification, diameter, heat number and fabrication date.

4.7.5 The coated electrode shall have individual identification through legible registration. The rodshall be identified by punch marks at both ends. The rolled wire shall be identified on the reel.

4.7.6 Irregularities or discontinuities in the coating of coated electrodes, such as localized thicknessreduction, cracks, damages at the end, lack of adhesion, as we