LARGE SCALE SPECIES DELIMITATION METHOD FOR HYPERDIVERSE GROUPS

Nicolas PuillandreGuillaume Achaz, Sarah Samadi

puillandre@mnhn.frnicolas.puillandre@atheris.ch

Species hypothesesBarcodedatabase

…

?

Lophiotoma acuta

Lophiotoma jickelli

Turris garnonsii

Turridrupa bijubata

Gemmula unilineata

Species delimitation: the easy way

Most species already known, characters and criteria congruent

intra-interspecific limit deduced from the other species

Gemmula bianca n. sp.

de Queiroz 2007

"Species concepts"

Problem I : "The grey zone"

The characters do not differenciate at the same rythm

All the criteria will not lead to the same species hypotheses

Species = hypotheses validated or rejected with the addition of new data:

Criteria: Similarity, Biological (direct and indirect), PhylogeneticCharacters: DNA, Morphology, Ecology, Geography…

Methods: Cross tests, Morphospecies, Trees/networks, Genetic structure, Distances

Conoidea ScratchingConvulsions, death

HyperactivityHypersensitivity

Depression, paralysisRollings

TremorChill, death

4,000 described species, probably more than 15,000

Problem II: Hyperdiverse and largely unknown groups

Lophiotoma acuta

Turris garnonsii

Problem II: Hyperdiverse and largely unknown groups

Problem III: The shell

I. cingulifera I. devoizei I. musivumX. legitima

Kantor et al. 2008 Zool. Sc.

cranaos

punicea

badifasciata

consors

tippetti

stenos

paratractoides

atractoides

neocaledonica

netrion

solomonensis

episoma

Puillandre et al. 2010 Syst. & Biodiv.

Convergence

Phenotypic plasticity

How to propose species hypotheses in this context?

Problem I: "The grey zone" Problem II: Hyperdiverse and largely unknown groups Problem III: The shell

DNA sequences

Exploratory method (without a priori hypotheses)

A new method based only on DNA sequences:

ABGD, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery

?

ABGD

0.08

0.09

0.12

0.03

0.05 0.05

Nb.

of s

peci

men

pai

rsGenetic distances

x

Rank ix

Der

ivati

ve (x

)

Rank ix

Puillandre et al 2011 Mol. Ecol.

ABGD

Der

ivati

ve (x

)

Rank ix

Recursiveapproach

Prior threshold p

p

Estimated θ

θ

Posterior threshold P

P

N groups

Final partition

http://wwwabi.snv.jussieu.fr/public/abgd

p

# of groups

Puillandre et al 2011 Mol. Ecol.

Look for "next peak"

Application to the Turridae

Taïwan (1 specimen)

Philippines (281)

Solomon (54)

Chesterfield (32)

Norfolk (32)

Vanuatu (600)

Sequencing of the COI gene (Barcode fragment) Analysis with ABGD and GMYC (Pons et al. 2006)

PSH = Primary Species Hypotheses

85-103 PSH

ABGDGMYC

87 SSH

Phylogeny COIPhylogeny 28S

Genetic structureBathymetry

LocalityMorphology

SSH = Secondary Species Hypotheses

INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY

Application to the Turridae

Conclusion

ABGD, for hyperdiverse and unknown groups: easy, fast and reproducible

But…

Problems in the grey zone: overlap coalescent/speciation

Several a priori thresholds can lead to several species partitions

Recursive approach to take into account variation in evolutionary rates

INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY:

Need to turn Primary Species Hypotheses into Secondary Species Hypotheses

Acknowledgments

Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, ParisSarah Samadi

Marie-Catherine-BoisselierPhilippe Bouchet

Annie TillierCeline Bonillo

Josie LambourdièreMagalie Castelin

Yuri Kantor

City University of New-YorkMandë Holford

Maria-Vittoria Modica

Université Paris 6Guillaume AchazSophie BrouilletAmaury Lambert

Atheris Laboratories, GenevaReto Stöcklin

Philippe Favreau