Open Access: what’s going on?

NIOZ , June 13 2013, Saskia FrankenUniversiteitsbibliotheek Utrecht

Saskia Franken

Projectleader and consultant Open Access

Utrecht University Library

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Contents of this presentation

• Introduction: Open Access@UU

• Basics of Open Access, pro’s and cons

• What can a NIOZ researcher do?

• Questions?

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Open Access@UU

• University Board in favour of OA

Strategic plan Utrecht University 2012-2016

“The University will make vigorous efforts to continue Open Access experiments aimed at offering online access to scientific information”

• Execution of OA delegated to Utrecht University Library

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Utrecht repository: Igitur Archive

• 31,000 Articles• 4,000 Theses• 4,000 Master Theses

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About the repository service

Prof. dr. M.A.P. Bovens

Director Utrecht School of Governance

“The repository is one of the best and most efficient ways to give others access to the work you have published.”

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Igitur Archive in top of Webometrics ranking

Igitur publishing: 22 journals

About the publishing service

Prof. dr. Tine de Moor Founder International Journal of the Commons

“The partnership with UBU is invaluable for Open Access publishing. With the professional support of Open Access Journals, UBU is making a constructive contribution towards the science of tomorrow.”

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Open Access funds UU

• Launched on June 1 2012

• Temporary funds, 2 years ,50.000 euro a year

• 50% reimbursement

• Only meant for publications in full OA journals (DOAJ)

• Also for books, part of books

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Research data

• Dutch Dataverse Network launched 2011

• for researchers and lecturers of universities in the Netherlands. This service makes it possible to store a wide variety of scientific data (texts and raw research data, but also video material and complete databases) in an online environment, safely and sustainably

• the researchers themselves determine who gets access to what data 

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Open Access advocacy

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Basics of Open Access

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Trends in publishing

• The journal is online. A growing part of scientific material is online available

• New methods of publishing (preprint-archives, repositories, blogs, social media etc) beside existing methods (books, journals etc.)

• Wish to reach a wider audience, as fast as possible• Wish (sometimes even a requirement) to publish in

high-ranked journals • Growing pressure to publish also research data

(funders, society)

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What is OA?

“By open access, we mean its immediate, free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search or link to the full text of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software or use them for any other lawful purpose…” (The Budapest Open Access Initiative)

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Why Open Access?

• OA fosters science by increasing visibility, soliciting broader discussion and citation of published research

• OA fosters the economy by easier access for small companies

• OA create goodwill for science among the general public

• OA reduce costs (in some models)• OA fosters science and education by making re-use

easier (replication, data-sharing)• Sometimes OA is a requirement by funding bodies

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2 roads to OA

1) The Golden route

- full Open Access journals

- hybrid (Open Choice) journals

2) The Green route: repositories

- institutional repositories

- subject repositories (f.i. ArXiv)

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Growth of OA journals

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Growth of OA repositories

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International discussion: Green or Gold?

Peer Project •Author self-archiving alone is unlikely to generate a critical mass of Green OA content

Finch report:•Gold Open Access is the future•Green OA would be for grey literature, theses

Houghton and Swan•World will not go Gold OA overnight for the short to medium term•Green route is more cost effective

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2012: researchers in action!

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“Fifty shades” of open access …..

Type Subtype Who pays?Gold “Diamond” Institution (subsidy)

Gold Gold, not for profit Author (fee)

Gold Gold, for profit Author (fee)

Gold Hybrid gold, for profit Author (fee) + Library (subscription)

Green Last author version inrepository (embargo’s)

Library (subscription)

Green Pre-prints Library (subscription)

Green Working papers Working paper archive (institutional subsidy)

Green “Black” (sharing against copyright)

Publisher

Common option 1Hybrid Gold OA, for profit

• + Pay to read → pay to publish

• + Offered by most commercial publishers (e.g. Sage Open, Springer Open Choice, ...)

• - no short term reduction in subscription prices

• - extra costs

• - expensive for research intensive universities

• - wrong incentives for publishers?

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Common option 2:Green OA by depositing

embargoed last author version in repository

• Embargo periods vary: 0-24 months

• - no reduction of subscription prices

• - No shift of payment

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Effects of models compared to subscription paywall

Model:

Effects on:

Gold-PF:•Profit•full OA

Gold-PH:•Profit•hybrid OA

Gold-NP:•non-profit

Green Pre-prints / working papers

Cost reduction

- (res. univ.)+ (teach

univ.)

- + 0 +/-

Public availability of research

++ + ++ + +

Citability + + + +/- +

Speed 0 0 0 0 ++

Re-use rights (CC)

depends on publisher license

+ +/- +

Overview of 48 funders’ requirements

• In 2013 SPARC has analyzed 48 mandatory funder policies listed in the ROARMAP registry (http://roarmap.eprints.org) according to which routes to OA the policy specifies.

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Green (repository-based) OA required

Either Green or Gold routes satisfy policy requirements

Gold (journals) preferred where

available

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EU policy• FP7 Clause 39:

– Deposit in repository (institutional or OpenAire): “beneficiaries shall deposit an electronic copy of the published version or the final manuscript accepted for publication”

– Make “best efforts” to have it available in OA within (12) months

– Thus publish:• Gold OA• Green OA, i.e. with publishers that allow depositing in

repositories (blue or green in Sherpa/Romeo)

• Horizon 2020 (from 2014): gold OR green

• Horizon2020: Open Access verplicht voor al27

Publisher’s green OA policies• Overview on Sherpa/Romeo site

– a selection for geosciences & geography:

Publisher author’s original

accepted manuscript, after PR but unformatted

published version

AGU 6 m. embargo

Cambridge UP 12 m. embargo

Elsevier Science 12-24 m. embargo x

Nature PG 6 m. embargo x

Oxford UP 24 m. embargo x

Pion 12 m. embargo x

Sage 12 m. embargo x

Springer x

Taylor & Francis 12-18 m. embargo x

Wiley (Blackwell) 0-24 m. embargo x

Article processing charges (APC’s)publisher # jrnls # full OA APC (€) # hybrid jnls APC (€)

Elsevier ~2800 39 400-4000 1500 400-4000

Oxford >250 13 ~1200 >100 ?

Pion 7 1 ? 0 -

Sage >700 13 ~1500 >600 1150-2300

Springer >2000 >360 1200-1800 >1500 2200

Taylor&Francis 1600 15 800-1200 700 2150

Wiley ~1500 22 1350 >1300 2300

Who’s doing what?

Funders-Mandates-repositories

Trad. Publishers-Allowing green-Gold jnls, APC

Libraries-Repositories-Consultancy-OA publishing

Universities-OA stance-OA funds-Researcher profiles

Learned societies- Lobby with publishers

New OA publishers-New journals-New publ concepts

YOU

You as a NIOZ researcher can

• Submit papers to OA journals (using funds from EU, NWO)

• Deposit author versions in a repository (if already available)

• Share through ResearchGate or Mendeley

• Press publishers, refuse to hand over copyright, use CC-by license

• As editor’s think about your role

• Start a new OA journal

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Directory of OA Journals

• Made by Lund University Library, currently led by IS4OA

• Almost exhaustive, not very selective

• As yet no indication of– peer review– indexing in e.g. Scopus, WoS

CC-by licence

Predatory publishers

• John Beall’s list of >300 predatory publishers:

• OASPA code of conduct, 55 publishers• Columbia University Libraries 'How do you know

a journal is legitimate'.• How to check for scamminess:

– Editorial boards– Start year– DOAJ list

Open Access books

• Some predatory/questionable publishers

• Not always agreements with Google Books for indexing

• DOAB: directory of open access books

• Examples:

Things are changing, ball is on your side

read feature in

Nature issue 7442

Resuming: OA, what’s in it for you?

• OA gives more people access to (publicly funded) science

• OA gives your work greater visibility and exposure

• OA increases the chance of your work being cited (See Wagner 2010 bibliography of OA citation advantage http://www.istl.org/10-winter/article2.html)

Questions?

Thank you!

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