nithin seminar
TRANSCRIPT
TRANSIENT PERFORMANCE OF SiC MOSFETs AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE
Guided by: Tintu V.R
Presented by :Nithin Joseph
S7 EEERoll no:21
9-Aug-12 EEE.Dept. MCET Anad 1
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATIONAIM INTRODUCTIONTRANSIENT CONDITIONS IN MOSFETsTEST DEVICEEXPERIMENTAL SETUPMEASURMENTSEXPERIMENTAL RESULTSAPPLICATIONCONCLUSIONREFERENCE
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AIM To study two transient conditions that are common in power
converters Effects of voltage rise time Effects of current pulses
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INTRODUCTIONTask of PC: To process & control the
flow of electric energy by supplying voltages & currents
Important components: sources & switches
Sources: 1. voltage source- eg: capacitor
2. current source- eg: inductor
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CONTD…
Principle of operation: based on the switch mode action of its switches
Commutation of switches generate fast current & voltage transients
By proper operation of switches ,they transfer energy between 2 sources
Widely used switches: semiconductor switches
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ADVANTAGES InexpensiveSmall form factorsReduction in costEasy to controlPower density increasesOn state voltage drop is smallNegligible leakage current
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WHY SiC RATHER THAN SI?Properties Sic Si
Band gap( eV) 3.2 1.11Allowable operating temperature
Higher Lower
Thermal conductivity(W/cm 0C at 270C)
4.9 1.5
Saturated e drift velocity(cm/s)
2*107 1*107
Electron mobility(cm2/V-sec at 270C)
500 1400
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CONTD…Hole mobility(cm2/V-sec at 270C)
50 600
Break down electric field(V/cm)
20*105 3*105
Dielectric constant
9.8 11.8
Thermal runaway(0C)
> 800 150
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TRANSIENT CONDITIONS IN MOSFETs
I. dV/dt riseII. Fault tolerance switch(effects of
current pulses with short pulse width & high peak currents)
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I. dV/dt RISEdv/dt capability: maximum rate of
rise of drain source voltage allowed If this transient is too high, gate
voltage will rise above threshold voltage
it will lead to MOSFET trigger itself into conduction mode, while it should be in blocking mode
Results in the failure of power converter
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threshold voltage
Simulation result for formation of inversion channel (electron density) and attainment of threshold voltage (IV) in a nanowire MOSFET. Note that the threshold voltage for this device lies around 0.45V.
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II. FAULT TOLERANCE SWITCH
Accompanied by pulsing the switch with a current pulse that has high peak current & short pulse width
Occur due to noise coupling to gate signal
Gate driven false triggering
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TEST DEVICECree Inc.Sic MOSFET (DUT)Rated for Blocking-1200 V Conducting-20 ARds(on)- 75 mΩ at 250CActive area- 0.1 cm2
Requires gate voltage of 20V to sufficiently turn on
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CONTD…Tests are conducted at temperatures
of- 250C,500C & 1500CHigh wattage resistors as heating
elementsTemperature measurement -
thermocouples
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dV/dt TEST SETUP• Goal: To provide rapid change in voltage across DUT to determine when the device will turn on
D
s
G
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TEST SET UP CONSITS OF:
Manually actuated switch-to accomplish high dV/dt
Carbon composite potentiometer- to vary dV/dt
High value bus capacitor- to minimize ringing that would occur in a system
Parasitic capacitance- limits the rate at which voltage can change when a current is applied
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PROCEDURETo control voltage rise time on DUT,
both source voltage & potentiometer are adjusted
dV/dt limits are tested with various Rgs values
Maximum dV/dt before the device is triggered on is given by the equation
[dVD/dt ]max= VTH/(RG *CGD) (1)
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CONTD…For this MOSFET datasheet values areVTH =1.8 V at 250C
=1.9 V at 1500C CGD =20pFRG of 0.01,2.5,5,7.5 & 10 ΩSubstituting above values in (1),
maximum dV/dt can be calculated
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CONTD… Calculated Maximum dV/dt for Varying Gate
Resistances.RG
(Ω)
[dV/dt]max at 25 °C(V/ns)
[dV/dt]max at 150 °C(V/ns)
0.01 9000 95002.50
36 38
5.00 18 197.50
12 12.6
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PEAK CURRENT TEST SETUP•Goal: To simulate the temporary short of the dc bus through DUT in order to analyze the fault tolerance of the DUT
D
GS
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RLC ring down circuit- to deliver a current pulse peaking at 10 times the rated current
Parasitic inductance- limits the rate at which current can change when a voltage is applied
Pinwheel design board setup- to accomplish minimal inductance
Load resistance- make system critically damped
TEST SET UP CONSITS OF:
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Picture of the peak current test board using the pinwheel design tominimize the parasitic inductance of the circuit.
CONTD…
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Experiment is done by pushing DUT into saturation & measuring the power dissipated by DUT
Minimum parasitic inductance maximize di/dt
Resistance chosen is given byR=2(L/C)1/2 (2)
PROCEDURE
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Inductance of test board- 250 nHTotal capacitance= .88µFSubstituting the values in (2) R=1.066Ω
CONTD…
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Equipment- Tektronix MSO 4054 Oscilloscope(500 MHz, 2.5 Gsamples/s)
3- P5200 high voltage differential probes(500:1)
VDS & VGS are taken For peak current test- high voltage
differential probe across the load resistor
Current is calculated from above voltage
MEASUREMENTS
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dV/dt TEST RESULTS
The dashed waveforms are multiple shots of thedrain to source voltage. The solid line is a linear fit to the section of thecurve which has to the highest slew rate.
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Summary of varying dV/dt’s for varying gate resistances. These shots were taken at a temperature of 25 °C.
Summary of varying dV/dt’s for varying gate resistances. These shots were taken at a temperature of 150 °C.
CONTD…
RESULT: DUT did’nt turn on still all of dV/dt exceed calculated value
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PEAK CURRENT TEST RESULTS
Sample waveforms of voltage (black) and current (grey) of deviceunder test. Where the two waveforms overlap is the power dissipated in the device.
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Current waveforms for various gate voltages at 25 °C (grey) and 150 °C (black).
Dissipated power by the device under test for various gate voltages at 25 °C (grey) and 150 °C (black).
CONTD…
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Vgate (V)
Energy at 25 0C (mJ)
Energy dissipated by DUT at 25 0C
(%)
Energy at 150 0C (mJ)
Energy dissipated by DUT at 150 0C
(%)
15 216 76.6 212 75.220 172 61.0 173 61.425 141 50.0 144 51.130 120 42.6 127 44.0
CONTD…
Energy Dissipated in DUT at Different Temperatures
RESULT: The DUT is able to safely dissipate the energy since threshold for induced thermal runaway is high
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I-V curves before the peak current test and after the peak current test.
Reverse breakdown curves before the peak current test and after the peak current test.
CONTD…
RESULT: The effects of peak current tests are not observed
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Solar invertersMotor drivesPower factor correction
APPLICATIONS
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SiC devices are robust & tolerant to extreme transient conditions
dV/dt capabilities are above operating conditions of typical PC
Peak current capabilities with current density up to 3000A/cm2
Can be operated above the temperatures of 150 0C
CONCLUSION
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J.A. Carr, D. Hotz, J.A. Balda, H.A. Mantooth, A. Ong and A. Agarwal, "Assessing the Impact of SiC MOSFETs on Converter Interfaces for Distributed Energy Resources”, IEEE. Trans. Power Electronics,Vol.24, pp.260-270, 2009.
C. James, C. Hettler, and J. Dickens, "Design and Evaluation of a Compact Silicon Carbide Photoconductive Semiconductor Switch", IEEE. Trans. Electronic Devices, Vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 508-511, 2011.
Q. Zhang, R. Callanan, M.K. Das, S.H. Ryu, A. Agarwal, and J.W. Palmour, "SiC Power Devices for Microgrids", IEEE. Trans. Power Electronics, Vol. 25 pp. 2889-2896, 2010.
C.E. Weitzel, J.W. Palmour, C.H. Carter, K. Moore, S.A. Nordquist, C. Thero,and M. Bhatnagar, "Silicon Carbide High-Power Devices", IEEE. Trans.Electron Devices, Vol. 43, pp. 1732-1741, 1996..
REFERENCE
9-Aug-12 EEE.Dept. MCET Anad 34
THANK YOU
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