noaa coastal remote sensing (and decision support tools) miki schmidt noaa coastal services center...
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NOAA Coastal Remote Sensing(and Decision Support Tools)
Miki SchmidtMiki Schmidt
NOAA Coastal Services CenterNOAA Coastal Services Center
April 6, 2006April 6, 2006
One NOAA
Mission: To understand and predict changes in the Earth’s environment and conserve and manage coastal and marine resources to meet our nation’s economic, social and environmental needs
NOAAOceans &
CoastsService
NOAAResearch
NOAAFisheriesService
NOAANationalWeatherService
NWS
NMFS
NOS
OAR
NOAASatellite &Information
Service
NESDIS
NOAAProgram
Planning &Integration
PPI
• Shoreline Delineation
• Nautical Charts
• Benthic Habitat Maps
• Land Cover and Change
• Water Quality and HABs
• Elevation – Topography and Bathymetry
• Input to Decision Support Tools
Diversity of Remote Sensing Activities within NOAA’s Ocean Service
Strategic Focus Areas Coastal Hazards Coastal Watersheds Integrated Ocean
Observing Systems
Mission: Linking People, Information, and Technology in the Coastal Zone
Charleston, South Carolina NOAA Coastal Services Center
Who do we serve?
State and Local Coastal Resource Managers
– Coastal planners
– Regulatory agencies
– Estuarine reserves
– Protected areas
– Emergency officials
– Flood plain managers
– Fish and wildlife agencies
– Sea Grant programs
Serving the Nation’s Coastal Resource Managers
• Data and information
• Geographic information systems
• Training
• Remote sensing
• Decision Support Tools
• Data and information
• Geographic information systems
• Training
• Remote sensing
• Decision Support Tools
Coastal Remote Sensing
Assessments• Constituents drive programsSpatial data development and mapping• Topography, land use/land cover, benthic, imagery, etc.Geospatial tools development – software applications• Decision support, data manipulation, standards, and accessCapacity building • Outreach, training, technical supportApplied research and emerging technologies• HABs, water quality, land use mapping, high-res, HSILeveraging and outsourcing• Partnerships with existing networks and private sector
Program Components
Understanding Customer Needs
• Formal needs assessments• Triennial coastal resource
management survey – State Coastal and Natural Resource
Management Programs, Sea Grants, NEPs, NERRs, NMS
– Surveys conducted in 1997, 1999, 2002
• Project partnerships• Customer feedback and requests• Program and product evaluations• Blue Ribbon Panel reviews
Dataset % Respondents that Ranked Data High Priority
Shoreline 68Coastal land use 64Coastal land cover 62Public access 58Historic shoreline 57Elevation 54Coastal population and demographics 53Water quality 47Bathymetry (0 to 3 miles) 46Soils 46
2002 Coastal Resource Management Survey
Coastal Framework Data for the Great Lakes
Spatial Data Requirements Nearshore and Coastal Waters
Data Development and Mapping
Coastal Land Cover
IKONOS high-resolution land cover30 meterLandsat C-CAP product
*Hawaii IfSAR is licensed
*Gulf Coast IfSAR is licensed
Great Lakes LiDAR
Michigan (Saginaw Bay) LiDAR – April 2004
Pennsylvania, Ohio, New York LiDAR December, 1998
LIDAR Applications
• Coastal hazards / flooding• Coastal uplands / ecosystem
management• Hydrography• Shoreline mapping• Storm modeling• Coastal erosion• Wetland mapping
Coastal Hazards / Flooding
Proposed Project on Building
• Mapped V-zone within 10 m of building• Lidar shows existing site is below the 100 year base flood elevation• Project requires elevation on posts
Fro
m th
e M
aine
Geo
logi
cal
Sur
vey
Management Use of Maine Lidar Data
Benthic Habitat
Oyster patch reef
4 meter
Submerged aquatic vegetation
Oyster reefs mapped at low tide
Coastal Wetlands
4 meter 30 meter
Phragmites
Typha
Spartina
0.5m ADS-40 Imagery
Decision Support Systems
Cause major fish kills and closure of shellfish harvesting areas Induce respiratory distress Impact the tourism industry
Improved Monitoring and Communication
• HAB Position and extent• Agency contact information• Advanced warning
Additional Predictive Capabilities
• HAB Transport• Favorable HAB Conditions
NOAA Partnership• NESDIS, NWS (NDBC), NOS
ANALYSISSW Florida:
After persisting and increasing by 2-3 fold over the past week, the bloom off Sanibel/Ft. Myers decreased substantially between Oct 17 and Oct 19. On Oct 11, maximum chlorophyll was 3-6 ug/l; on Oct 17, 10-20 ug/l; on Oct 19, only 1-2 ug/l. A narrow band of higher chlorophyll, extends from 26d 08'N to 26d 20'N along 82d 01 W. Pockets of chlorophyll of 1-2 ug/l also persist well offshore, along 26N from 82W 82d20'W. Normal behavior of creasing chlorophyll
offshore was bserved.
NW Florida:
Wind speed and direction are averaged over 12 hours from measurements made on NOAA buoys. Length of line indicates speed; angle indicates direction. Red vectors indicate that wind direction favors upwelling near the coast.
Experimental Gulf of Mexico HAB Bulletin 1120 October 2000NOAA/NCCOS CSCNESDIS CoastWatch and NDBCLast bulletin: 18 October 2000
Winds at Venice, FL
Near Real-Time Forecast BulletinHarmful Algal Blooms Decision Support
Particle Tracking
• Integrated system of components
• User-controlled particle tracking model
• Web-based mapping interface
• Larval transport prediction dependent on physical oceanographic models
• Leverages ocean observing systems data
Decision Support
Chesapeake Bay Oyster Larvae Tracker
Impervious Surfaces
• GIS tool
• Estimates impervious surface per analysis unit
• Data inputs– Uses land cover data– coefficients derived from high-
resolution sources
• “What if?” scenarios (rezoning, restoration, development)
• Flexible user parameters
• Nonpoint Education for Municipal Officials (NEMO) partnership NEMO water quality impacts
classification:Green: < 10 percent ISYellow: 10 to 25 percent ISRed: > 25 percent IS
Impervious Surface Analysis Tool (ISAT)Decision Support
N-SPECT
• Spatially distributed pollutant and sediment yield model – i.e., water quality screening tool
• Estimates runoff, nonpoint-source pollution, and erosion
• Allows user to compare effects of different land use and land cover scenarios on total yields
• Uses land cover, soils, topography, and precipitation input data
Nonpoint-Source Pollution and Erosion Comparison Tool
• ESRI ArcGIS Extension
Decision Support
N-SPECT
Multiple GIS output layers:
• Accumulated runoff
• Accumulated pollutant loads
• Pollutant concentrations
• Accumulated sediment loads
• Sediment concentrations
• Comparison (simple) to user-defined water quality standards
Decision Support
Conservation ApproachConventional Design New Urbanist Design
Alternatives for Coastal Development
Coastal Habitat Assessment and Planning: Lake St. Clair Pilot Study
The Integrated Coastal Management Tool
Lake St. Clair Project Need
• Lake St. Clair Ecological Characterization
– GIS– Habitat Restoration and Conservation plan– A tool
• Integrated Coastal Management Tool
– Help managers and planners evaluate habitat related decisions
• Not limited to Lake St. Clair or Great Lakes
The Integrated Coastal Management Tool
Lake St. Clair Pilot Study
Lake St. Clair Pilot Study
The Integrated Coastal Management Tool
http://www.glc.org/habitat/
• Introduction to ArcGIS• Coastal Applications using ArcGIS• Global Positioning Systems• Introduction to Remote Sensing• Remote Sensing for Spatial Analysts• Information Technology for Coastal
Managers• GIS for Managers• Metadata Training
Train 300 to 400 coastal resource professionals per year
Technology Training Curriculum
Digital Coast VisionCoastal communities have access to and capability to use organized, timely, and seamless digital geospatial information and tools needed to make more informed decisions about their regions.
Where are we headed?
Tool Overview
• Current State Calculations– Terrestrial
– Aquatic
• Queries and Overlays– Query Results
– Overlay additional data with results
• Scenario Testing– Land cover changes– Land use Impacts
• Output Options– Reports– Map files– Databases– Tables
• Technical Requirements– ESRI® ArcView® 8.3 license– Spatial Analyst Extension
The Integrated Coastal Management Tool
• Web-based flood forecast mapping (Tar River Basin, NC)
• Text-based info into graphics
• LIDAR-derived Topographic Data
• Used as flood forecast tool during Hurricanes
Goal – provide Web based flood inundation maps from the NWS operational forecast environment to emergency managers during flood events.
Flood Forecast MappingDecision Support