non-verbal communication 2nd group

8/11/2019 Non-Verbal Communication 2nd Group

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NONVERBALCOMMUNICATION


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TOPICS Clothes and Color

Design,Movable Objects and Lighting, Seating,

Space,

Silence and Vocal Cues, Material,

Touch,

Time, Differences Between Men & Women in NVC,

Cultural Differences in NVC,

NVC in Job Interviews.


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CLOTHES

Do clothes communicate?


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Clothes are important to firstimpressions.

Females

Males

Clothes (same & opposite-sexed partners)

Clothes(same-sexed

partners)Figure and face(opposite-sexed partners)


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People adorn themselves with a number ofother artifacts such as;

BadgesTattoosMasks

EarringsJewelry

CLOTHES (cont.)


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Colors can affect human behavior.

There is a big impact of colors on mentalgrowth and social relations.

The most pleasant hues blue, green,

purple,yellow, red.The most arousing hues red, orange,yellow, violet, blue, green.


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COLORS & MOODS

Distressed/UpsetDefiant/Hostile

Secure/ComfortableCalm/Peaceful

Unhappy/Melancholy

Cheerful/Joyful


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Calm/Peaceful

Protective/DefendingUnhappy/Melancholy

Powerful/Strong

Protective/DefendingDignified/Stately

Exciting/Stimulating

COLORS & MOODS (cont.)


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DESIGN INNEGOTIATION ROOM

Fixed-featurerefers to spaceorganized by unmoving boundaries

(rooms of houses).

Semifixed-featurerefers to the

arrangement of movable objects such astables or chairs.


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DESIGN (cont.)

Sometimes we get very definite person orcouple-related messages from homeenvironments.

Ugly room

Beautiful room

monotony, fatigue, headache,discontent, sleep, irritability,hostility.

pleasure, comfort,enjoyment, importance,

energy.


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LIGHTING INNEGOTIATION ROOM

Lighting helps to structure our perceptions ofan environment, and these perceptions also

may influence the type of messages we send.

The absence of light seems to be a centralproblem for people who suffer from seasonalaffective disordera form of depressionparticularly acute in winter months.


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MOVABLE OBJECTS ANDSEATING

The arrangement of certain objects in ourenvironment can help structure communication.

Employees often use objects to personalizetheir offices.

The arrangement of other items of furniturecan facilitate or inhibit communication.


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Seating Behaviors

1. Leadership:At the head or foot of thetable.

X X


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Seating Behaviors (cont.)

2. Dominance:

2 3 4

1, 3, and 5 are frequent talkers,dominant personalities

2 and 4 are anxious and actually stated theywanted to stay out of the discussion.1,3, and 5 also were considered to be positionsof leadership but of a different type, dependingon the position.

1 and 5 attracted the task-oriented leader, themiddle position attracted a socioemotional leader-one concerned about group relationships.

The most likely conversation isbetween 4-5 and 1-2.

The other main conversations will occurbetween 2 and 3, 3 and 4.

4 and 5 are twice as likely to talk to each otheras 3 and 4.

1 5


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3. Task:

Conversion:

Cooperation:

Coaction:

Competition:

X

X

Sitting and chatting for a fewminutes before class.

X

X

XX

X

X

Sitting and studying togetherfor the same exam.

Sitting studying for differentexams.

Sitting face to face across atable.


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4. Sex and Acquaintance:

In the bar, corner seating for the same-sex friends

and casual friends of the opposite sex.

Intimate friends appear to desire side-by-side

seating.

In a restaurant everyone choose opposite seating.

X

X

XX

X

X


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sittingwith your boyor girlfriend.

High-PositiveMotivation

High-NegativeMotivation

sitting with someoneyou do not like verymuch and do not wish

to talk to.

5. Motivation:



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5. Motivation (cont.)

As motivation increases, persons want to sitcloser or to have more eye contact.

When the motivation is affiliative, the choice issit closer,

When the motivation is competitive, the choice isone that will allow more eye contact.


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6. Introversion - Extraversion:

Extraverts choose to sit opposite(either across the table or down the lengthof it).

Introverts choose positions thatwould keep them more at a distance, visuallyand physically.



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NEGOTIATION TABLE

It is a typical configuration for contractnegotiations. The two parties sit together toindicate and foster unity. Each team is on adifferent side of the table and the teams arefacing each other so each team member can clearlyhear what anyone on the other team has to say.


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This table may tend to give one party an advantage

over the other because the arrangement suggestsonly one important person, the person at the end ofthe vertical extension.


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This table shows a need for space between

the two parities. That space could meanmore formality or less trust.


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This table may be the most conducive to

win/win negotiations because the roundshape is usually associated with equality.


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SPACE

Each of you has a personal space, a

sort of invisible bubble around you,which you feel is yours and which you donot like to see intruded upon withoutexpress permission.


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SPACE (cont.)

Three major interpersonal distances areintimate, social and public.


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SPACE (cont.)

Interpersonal distanceis one of the ways youhave to express feelings. You tend to move

closer to people you like and away frompeople you do not, if you have a choice.


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SILENCE

Silence is another form of communication that can

make a situation awkward if used.

Silence occurs when;

1. You are terribly angry, frustrated.2.You are attentively listening to something.3.You listen but are bored.

4.You cannot think of a thing to say.5.You are thinking about a point made by speaker.6.You do not understand what the speaker said.7.There is no more to be said on the matter.

8.Do not need to say anything.


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THE EFFECTS OF VOCAL CUES

Vocal behavior deals with howsomethingis said, not whatis said.

Prosodyis the word used to describe allthe variations in the voice that

accompany speech and help to convey itsmeaning.


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Hesgiving this money to Herbie. (Hestheone giving the money, nobody else.)

Hes givingthis money to Herbie. (Hesgiving,not lending, the money.)

Hes giving thismoney to Herbie. (The

money being exchanged is not from anotherfund or source; it is thismoney.)

Hes giving thismoneyto Herbie. (Moneyis

the unit of exchange, not a chech orwampum.)

Hes giving this money to Herbie.(Thisrecipient is Herbie, not Eric or Bill or Rod)


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MATERIAL USAGE INNONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

giving a message that you aremaking an important explanation.

threat to the person in front of you.

distracting yourself and trying to gain time.

the subject is over.


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Pipe makes the userDOMINANTin his/her speech.

Blowing a cigarette upper

means you are comfortableandpowerful.Blowing it lower means you areboredand anxious.


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Rosettes, riggings

show that you arebelonging a group.


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Playing with your tie

means you areinterested in theopposite sex.

Playing with notebook,paper etc. means you arebored.


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TOUCHTouching is so important in the healthydevelopment of human life.


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Sometimes touching may elicit negative

reactions depending on the configuration ofpeople and circumstances.Sometimes people get tense, anxious,

and/or uncomfortable when touched.


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Who Touches Whom, Where,and How Much?

The amount and kind of contact in adulthood

vary considerably withAgeSexSituationRelationship of the parties involved.


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Easy to touch

Hard to touch


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We can say that people may be more likely totouch when;

1. Giving information or advice rather than askingfor it

2. Giving an order rather than responding to it

3. Asking a favor rather than agreeing to do one

4.Trying to persuade rather than beingpersuaded

5. The conversation is deep rather than casual

6. At a party rather than at work

7. Communicating excitement rather thanreceiving it from another

8. Receiving messages of worry from anotherrather than sending such messages


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Types of Touch

The Handshake. The Body-Guide. The Pat. The Arm-Link. The Shoulder Embrace.

The Full Embrace. The Hand-in-Hand. The Waist Embrace. The Kiss. The Hand-to-Head.

The Head-to-Head. The Caress. The Body Support. The Mock-Attack.


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SELF-TOUCHING

Some of self-touching behaviors arebehavioral adaptations we make in

response to certain learning situations.

A number of studies have indicated that

self-touching is associated withsituational anxiety or stress.


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Another source of body-focused movementsis cognitive (information-processing) demand.

SELF-TOUCHING

RED

GREEN

YELLOW

BLUE


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TIME

At first, TIMEmay seem an intangible thingbut time is almost treated as a THING;

You gain time, waste it, spent it, save it,give it and take it.

Time is precious, time speaks


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Time influences our perceptions of people;For example;

responsible people are on time

boring people talk too long


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We perceive time in four different types:

1. Time as LocationI dont like eating dinner at 10p.m.

2. Time as DurationAn activity can be perceived as boring and we perceive we have

been there forever.

3. Time as IntervalsIts been too long since Ive seen you

4. Time as Patterns of IntervalsIt determines our social rhythmthe regularity/irregularity

of our lifes, our behaviors and routines.


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Men&Women in Nonverbal

Communication

Are Men from Mars and Women from

Venus?


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A Woman

speak an average of 8,000 wordsa day.

2,000 vocal sounds,

10,000 facial expressions, and other bodylanguage signals.

This gives her a daily average of more than20,000communications


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A Man

uses just 4,000 words

1,000 vocal sounds

makes a mere 2,000 body language signals

His daily average adds up to around 7,000communications.


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Women's nonverbal behavior is used to makepersonal connections.

While men's nonverbal communication tends toparallel behaviors associated with dominanceand power.


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KINESICS - body movement

use facial expression a lot to send and

receive messages

use less and more restrained gestures

posture is more tense

attracted to those who smile more
http://www.webdesign.org/img_articles/9625/feminina_16.jpg


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Male and Female Postures

Malesshow a dominant behaviour and bodyposture (staring, taking more space, legsapart, hands on hips)


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OCULESICS - eye contact,gaze

Females;

rarely stare

engage in more eye contact whileconversating

generally the first to avert eyes oninitial gaze

OCULESICS e e c nt ct ze


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OCULESICS - eye contact,gaze(cont.)

Males;stare to challenge power or status

generally don't make as much eye

contactgenerally maintain initial gaze until

other party averts eyes

HAPTICS touch and the


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HAPTICS - touch and theuse of it

Females;

touched more than males

touched more gently

touched mostly by men

initiate more hugging and touchingthat expresses support, affection,comfort


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PROXEMICS space and the


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PROXEMICS - space and theuse of it

Females;

tend to approach others closer

prefer side by side interaction

PROXEMICS space and the


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PROXEMICS - space and theuse of it (cont.)

Males;

use more personal space

prefer face to face conversation

Cultural

Differences in Nonverbal


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the same nonverbal signal can meandifferent things to different people indifferent cultures,

multiple nonverbal cues are sent in eachinteraction, thereby creating interpretiveambiguities,

Nonverbal messages can create interculturalfriction and confusion because;

Cultural Differences in NonverbalCommunication


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Cultural value tendencies

individualism-collectivismhigh-low context

power distance

Collectivist and Individulist


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Collectivist and IndividulistCultures

Individualist culturesemphasizepersonal achievement

U.S

Sweden

Netherlands

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Collectivist and IndividulistCultures(cont.)

Argentina

Japan

Mexico

Collectivist culturesemphasize family and work group goals.

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individualiststend to be more concerned with

expressing and repairing self-focusedemotions (e.g., personal anger, frustration, orresentment)

collectivistsgenerally are more concernedwith other-focused emotions (e.g., relationalshame, hurt, or embarrassment)

Collectivist and IndividulistCultures(cont.)

High and Low Context Cultures


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g

Lowcontextcultures tend to be more sensitive to aperson's values, attitudes or dispositional characteristics,

and attribute behavior to their individuality and personality.

Highcontextcommunication and cultures are highlysensitive to situational and context features of

communication .

High and Low Context Cultures


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Lowcontextcultures are less aware of nonverbalcues, environment, and situation

High contextcultures are all take into account

environment, situation, nonverbal messages,gestures, mood

High and Low Context Cultures(cont.)

Large and Small Power Distance


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Large and Small Power DistanceCultures

Small power distancecultures (e.g., Australiaand Canada) tend to use nonverbal emotional

cues to establish equal-status relationships.

Large power distancecultures (e.g., in manyLatin and Middle Eastern cultures) tend touse nonverbal emotional cues (e.g., the propertone of voice) to signify asymmetrical-statusrelationships

Different Nonverbal Cues in


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Different Nonverbal Cues inDifferent Cultures

Facial Expressions

Proximity

Haptics

Silence

Kinesics

Greetings

Beckoning


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Facial Expressions

Basic facial emotions that are decodinguniversally:

anger,disgust,

fear,happiness,sadness, andsurprise


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In many European and Americancultures, people

who are unable to maintain eye contact during aconversation are often looked upon as

untrustworthy or rude. In many Asian and Africancultures it is

considered disrespectful to look an elder orauthority figure in the eyes during a conversation

Facial Expressions (cont.)

Eye-contact;


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Within the most Europeanculture, a smile canmean joy or happiness

In the Japaneseculture, it can also be used to

mask embarrassment, hide displeasure, orsuppress anger.

In Russia, it reflects relaxation and progressin developing a good relationship.


Smiles;

l E ( )


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Many Southern Europeancultures (e.g., Greeceand Italy) and Arabcultures tend to value anemotionally engaged, expressive tone of voice,

Many East and Southeast Asiancultures (e.g.,Malaysia and Thailand) tend to value amoderating, soft tone of voice.


Voice;

P i it (s )


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Proximity(space)

For Americans, standing veryclose to speak with someone islooked at as rude and can create avery awkward or uncomfortable

feeling for many of them.

In Asia and the Middle East, people

tend to stand or sit closer to oneanother while talking, and think nothingof their proximity to each other

H ( h )


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Haptics(touching)

While Chineseviews opposite-sex handshakesacceptable, Malays and Arabsview contact byopposite-sex handshakes as taboo

The friendly full embrace between males inmuch more acceptable in many Latin Americancultures than in Britain or the United States

Haptics (touching)


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Dont touch Touch Middle Ground

Haptics(touching)(cont.)

Japan

U.S.&Canada

England

Scandinavia

Australia

Estonia

Middle East Countries

Latin Countries

Italy

Greece

Spain&Portugual

Russia

France

China

Ireland

India

Silence


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Silence

In many cultures, people are morecomfortable with longer pauses orperiods of silence.

In the U.S., long pauses can becomeuncomfortable or may be indicative ofthat fact that someone is upset or

choosing to ignore what has been said inthe conversation.


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Kinesics-hand gestures, body

postures

"Gestures are a silent language uniqueto every society."

H d G t


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Hand Gestures

OK to U.S. Americansand most ofEuropeans

money to the Japanese

a sexual insult in Brazil and Greece

a vulgar gesture in Russia

zero in French.


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H d G t ( t )


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In Canada and the United States, itsignifies approval or encouragement

It is offensive throughout the Arabworld (e.g., in Egypt and Kuwait)

In Japanit signifies five

In Germanyit is the signal for one

Hand Gestures (cont.)

H d G t ( t )


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In Italythis gesture has avulgar meaning

In Brazil and Venezuela, thesame gesture is considered agood luck sign toward off evil.

Hand Gestures (cont.)

Greetings


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Greetings

namasteIt also means thank you

and Im sorry.

India

Japan

This bow is used to communicaterespect when expressing gratitude oran apology.

Greetins (cont )
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Greetins (cont.)

The Maori tribespeople in New Zealandchoose to greet each other with agesture that shows closeness andfriendship:

They rub noses

New Zealand

abrazo

Most North Americans, NothernEuropeans find any such touching orhugging very uncomfortable.

Latin America

B k i
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Beckoning

In the U.S.,it is the commongesture for getting someones

attention

In Japan, pointing the finger atanyone is considered impolite

In Germany, the signal meanstwo

B k i ( t )


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In some Americancountries, itis used for beckoning

In Yugoslavia and Malaysia,that gesture is used only forcalling animals.

Beckoning(cont.)

Most of Europe and Latin American

countries prefer this gesture forsignaling come over here

North Americansconsider ituncomfortable, effeminate, or puzzling.

NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
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NONVERBAL COMMUNICATIONIN JOB INTERVEWS

Body language 55%

Paralanguage or the intonation 38%

The verbal content only 7%

Nonverbal Communication During the Interview


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Nonverbal Communication During the Interview

1. Make eye contact with the interviewer for a fewseconds at a time.

2.Smile and nod (at appropriate times) when the

interviewer is talking, but, don't overdo it. Don'tlaugh unless the interviewer does first.


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8.Pay attention, be attentive and interested.


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9.Listen.

10.Don't interrupt.

11.Stay calm. Even if you had a bad experience at a

previous position or were fired, keep your emotionsto yourself and do not show anger or frown.

12.Not sure what to do with your hands? Hold a penand your notepad or rest an arm on the chair or onyour lap, so you look comfortable. Don't let yourarms fly around the room when you're making a

point.

How to Dress for an Interview?


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H w Dr f r n n r w?

Men's Interview AttireSuit (solid color - navy or dark grey)Long sleeve shirt (white or coordinated with the suit)BeltTie

Dark socks, conservative leather shoesLittle or no jewelryNeat, professional hairstyleLimit the aftershave

Neatly trimmed nails

How to Dress for an Interview?


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Women's Interview Attire

Suit (navy, black or dark grey)The suit skirt should be long enough so you can sit downcomfortablyCoordinated blouseConservative shoesLimited jewelry (no dangling earrings or arms full ofbracelets)Professional hairstyleNeutral pantyhose

Light make-up and perfumeNeatly manicured clean nails

non-verbal communication 2nd group

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