norm in saudi

7/26/2019 NORM in Saudi

1/30

Overview & Management of NORM in

Saudi Aramco

Khalid Mously, Michael Cowie

Saudi Aramco

Environmental Protection Department


2/30

Outlines

Brief histor of NORM

Origins & !here NORM accumulates

NORM e"posure scenarios

NORM levels

!or#ers$ Protection

NORM Management Program


3/30

NORM Definition Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM)

any nuclide that is radioactive in its natural state ( i.e.

not an!ade), "ut not including source, "y!#roduct,or s#ecial nuclear aterial.


4/30

$rief %istory

Earl accounts of NORM

%anadian oil field '()*+

Radium in Russian fields '(,)+ -ranium in gas formations '(.,+

NORM in north sea '(/.+

0uidelines AP12 1AEA2 etc3+ Regulations


5/30

Origins of NORM

NORM in earth crust

NORM in reservoir roc& forations

-ranium

ppm

4horium

ppm

5imestone '.'! * ' ! ++

Sandstone '.+! '.* ! *

NORM in -oration water NORM in Natural gas NORM in ea water


6/30

/hich NORM 0

NORM nuclides of interest to oil industry

Radiu! 1 Radiu!2 3raniu Radon! 4ead!+'

5oloniu!+'


7/30

Uranium-238

4.5 By

Radon-222

3.8 d

Radium-226

1620 Y

Th-234

Pa-234

U-234

Th-230.

5rinci#al decay chee of

3raniu

Radon

Daughters


8/30

Relative 5enetrating 5ower


9/30

Radiation 6itted "y NORM

0amma ras

Ra! and 5"!+'

Beta particles

Ra!2, 5"!+', $i!+'

Alpha particles

Ra!,3!2,5o!+' and 5"!+'


10/30

/here NORM accuulates

cale

cra#ings

ludge

7hin fils (radon #rogeny)

NORM ma accumulate in the following

media6


11/30

NORM in cale

4pes of scales

Sulfate6 SrSO* and BaSO* RaSO*+

%ar7onate6 %a%O, Ra%O,+ Effect of water mi"ing

%hange in pressure8temperature

Scale accumulates in6 production tu7ing2 well head2

valves2 and pumps Scale inhi7itors


12/30

NORM in Scale


13/30

NORM in 5i#elines cra#ings

Crude #i#elines

(Radiu 1 5"!+')

eawater #i#elines

(3raniu)


14/30

Radon progen

P79:'):: ears+

Po9:')',/ das+

Bi9:') . das+

;orm thin films on6compressors2 reflu" pumps2

control valves2 product lines8vessels3

NORM in 8as 5rocessing -acilities

Radon path $oiling 5oint(K, + 9t)

6thane +2:

Radon ++

5ro#ane +


15/30

NORM 6;#osure cenarios

%ontamination

1nhalation

1ngestion

A7sorption

1rradiation

6;ternal 6;#osure


16/30

NORM %ealth


17/30

NORM Regulations

Specifies contamination limits6

E=uipment2 waste and soil

Nuclide dependent %ountr dependent

E-RA4OM (>8:(

?Ma :)))@

Country4iit of Ra

(#Ci=g)

Canada 2

3K +'

39 : to '


18/30

NORM 4evels

Specifc Activity (pCi/ g)

Nuclide Scale Sludge Scrapings

Ra-226 2.7 405000 1.4 21600 0.3 2000

Pb-210 0.5 2025 2.7 35100 1.4 1350

Po-210 0.5 41 0.1 4320 2.7 108

!orld wide reported levels of NORM


19/30

Medium

Specific activit

p%i8liter

Natural gas '.+> :>''

N84 '.* >':''

5ro#ane '.* ++>''

Radon gas Rn9:::+ EPA limit for Radon in air is * p%i8 liter

NORM in Natural 8as


20/30

/or&ers? Radiation Dose

9 wor&er?s dose de#ends on@

4pe of wor#

%leaning vessels8tan#s Maintenance

NORM activit 4ime

Protective measures


21/30

/or&ers 5rotection

Awareness8training Protective clothes

Respirators$ use

Practice good hgiene

5imited wor# scenarios


22/30

uary

NORM is a glo7al issue for the oil & gas industr

NORM health haards are controlla7le

1mplementing NORM procedure will not o7struct

operations

NORM limit varies


23/30

Manageent of NORMin audi 9raco

Michael Cowie


24/30

Manageent of NORM in audi9raco


25/30

Develo#ent of NORM anageentguidelines

Res#onsi"ilities

NORM urveys

/or&ers? 5rotection

Containation Control

Confined #ace 6ntry

NORM containation liits

7rans#ort of NORMContainated Materials

NORM Containated

6Bui#ent

Decontaination Dis#osal of NORM /aste

Saudi Aramco Standard !ana"#m#nt o$ T#chno%o"ica%%y &nhanc#d Radioacti'# !at#ria% ()*R!+


26/30

Manageent of NORM in audi 9raco

NORM trategy NORM onitoring

afe anageent of NORM containated eBui#ent

Control of NORM waste /or&ers #rotection and training

Develo#ent of NORM anageent guidelines


27/30

Control ofNO! "aste

NO!!onitoring

Control ofConta#inated $%uip#ent

"or&ers'rotection (

)raining

NO! 'rogra# Strateg*

+aseline

Sur,e*s

're )(-Sur,e*s

outinessess#ent

s

/egac*Cont.

Sur,e*s

$%uip#ent

Screening

NO! $%uip.Storage

NO! $%uip.0econta#.

NO!

"asteStorage

!ini#i1ation at Source

"asteeduction

'er#anent0isposal

$n2ance

3areness

"or&ers4)raining

NO!Sur,e*or)raining


28/30

NORM Monitoring

NORM

Detected

Normal

Operation

NORM ;ree

E=uipment

1dentif NORM

%ontaminated

e=uipment8waste

Decontaminate

NORM

e=uipment

!or#ers

Protection &

%ontam3 %ontrol

Assess

Radiological

Ris#s

1nterim Storage of

NORM e=uipment

NORM !aste

Permanent

Disposal

NORM waste

1nterim Storage

Ces

No

NORM Containated6Bui#ent

NORM /aste

NORM

/aste

NORM Manageent 5rocess Cycle

elease forgeneral use


29/30

Manageent of NORM in audi 9raco

6#hasis on #artnering 3nderstanding of the o#erational #rocess is i#ortant

/or& with #ro#onents to ada#t control easures to

o#erations

Coo#eration rather than i#osition

9wareness and training


30/30

Recoendations

norm in saudi

Documents